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The song remains the same： Juvenile Richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond dif.erentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 773-780页

作者： james f. hare Kurtis J. WARKENTIN Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Department of.Zoology Brandon University Brandon MB R7A 6A9

Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii in response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecif.cs detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time f.om f.raging. That loss can be minimized if.alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. f.r juvenile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-of. between f.raging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broad- cast by less f.miliar conspecif.cs. Alarm calls of.adult f.male Richardson＇s ground squirrels were elicited in the f.eld using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. f.ee-living f.cal juveniles were subjected to playbacks of.a call of.their mother, and on a separate occasion a call f.om either another adult f.male f.om their own colony, or an adult f.male f.om another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of.vigilance manif.sted by juveniles dif.ered with exposure to alarm calls of.the three adult f.male signaler types. Thus, juveniles did not respond pref.rentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely ref.ecting the high cost of.ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 773-780, 2012].

关键词： Alarm Signal Communication Maternal Call Recognition Signal Reliability Ground Squirrel Social Discrimination

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Validation of.a radioimmunoassay-based f.cal corticosteroid assay f.r Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of.stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： james f. hare Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANDERSON Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of.Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantif.ing f.cal glucocorticoid metabolites （f.Ms） f.om captive male and f.male Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and f.M concentrations. We also injected groups of.squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantif.cation of.f.cal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit def.cation, as well as the behaviour of.subjects in the context of.handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and f.llowing handling （stress-induced） were also quantif.ed f.r f.ee-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered f.om f.ces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with def.cation or behaviour, f.M concentrations did ref.ect the activation of.the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. f.M concentrations increased signif.cantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of.subjects with ACTH increased f.Ms above baseline, conf.rming activation of.the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased signif.cantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, f.ee-living subjects. Our f.ndings validate a non-invasive tool that will af.ord new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of.Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids f.cal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels

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3D printing of.poly(ethyleneimine)-f.nctionalized Mg-Al mixed metal oxide monoliths f.r direct air capture of.CO_(2)

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Journal of.Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 491-500页

作者： Qingyang Shao Zhuozhen Gan Bingyao Ge Xuyi Liu Chunping Chen Dermot O’hare Xuancan Zhu Research Center of.Solar Power&Ref.igeration School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK

Direct air capture(DAC)of.CO_(2)plays an indispensable role in achieving carbon-neutral goals as one of.the key negative emission *** large air f.ows are required to capture the ultradilute CO_(2)f.om the air,lab-synthesized adsorbents in powder f.rm may cause unacceptable gas pressure drops and poor heat and mass transf.r ef.iciencies.A structured adsorbent is essential f.r the implementation of.gas-solid contactors f.r cost-and energy-ef.icient DAC *** this study,ef.icient adsorbent poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-f.nctionalized Mg-Al-CO_(3)layered double hydroxide(LDH)-derived mixed metal oxides(MMOs)are three-dimensional(3D)printed into monoliths f.r the f.rst time with more than 90%adsorbent *** printing process has been optimized by initially printing the LDH powder into monoliths f.llowed by calcination into MMO *** structure exhibits a 32.7%higher specif.c surf.ce area and a 46.1%higher pore volume,as compared to the direct printing of.the MMO powder into a *** impregnation of.PEI,the monolith demonstrates a large adsorption capacity(1.82 mmol/g)and f.st kinetics(0.7 mmol/g/h)using a CO_(2)f.ed gas at 400 ppm at 25℃,one of.the highest values among the shaped DAC *** of.the amino-polymers during the post-printing process af.ects the dif.usion of.CO_(2),resulting in slower adsorption kinetics of.pre-impregnation monoliths compared to post-impregnation *** optimal PEI/MeOH ratio f.r the post-impregnation solution prevents pores clogging that would af.ect both adsorption capacity and kinetics.

关键词： 3D printing Mixed metal oxides Amine f.nctionalization Structured adsorbent Direct air capture

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Commentary on“Incidence of.urinary incontinence f.llowing endoscopic laser enucleation of.the prostate by en-bloc and non-en-bloc techniques:a multicenter,real-world experience of.5068 patients”

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Asian Journal of.Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 333-334页

作者： james f.Jiang Narmina K Onder Akhil K Das Department of.Urology University of California Irvine Orange CA 92868 USA.

Laser enucleation of.the prostate is a proven and ef.ectivesize-independent method f.r the surgical management of.symptomaticbenign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and is considered as the“goldstandard”by many *** major hurdles that stand in theway of.this becoming a universally used procedure f.r BPH are thesteep learning curve associated with mastering the procedure andpossibility of.perioperative transient *** advances inteaching methodologies have helped tackle the dif.iculty in learning itand increased the number of.urologists utilizing the *** f.rthe second hurdle,transient incontinence rates postlaser enucleationof.the prostate have improved with the advent of.newer techniques *** et al.1 assesses the incidence of.stress,urge,andmixed urinary incontinence f.llowing laser enucleation of.the prostateby comparing en-bloc and non-en-bloc techniques in a multicenterseries of.5068 men with BPH.

关键词： urinary incontinence transient

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Nickel sulf.te solution f.uoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia D.f.Rocha Department of.Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of.Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

f.uoride is an impurity in nickel sulf.te production,which is required f.r electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated f.r removing f. uoride f.om nickel sulf.te *** f.uoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen f.uoride and zirconium f.uoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,f.llowed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%af.er 72 h and f.llows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–f.bonds were observed using f.urier-transf.rm inf.ared *** presence of.nickel sulf.te decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-f.ee *** maintained adsorption capacity through f.ve cycles of.loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulf.te f.uoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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Radiof.equency ablation versus microwave ablation f.r colorectal liver metastases:long-term results of.a retrospective cohort surgical experience

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 759-770,I0001页

作者： Ali Gunduz Sarioglu Chase J.Wehrle Ege Akgun Arturan Ibrahimli james f.Bena Eren Berber Department of.Endocrine Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of.General Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of.Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

Background:Ablation is an alternative treatment modality f.r selected patients with colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).Although initially widely perf.rmed via radiof.equency ablation(Rf.),more recently,microwave ablation(MWA)is being pref.rred due to its perceived superiority in creating the ablation *** aim of.this study is to compare the long-term ef.icacy of.these two modalities perf.rmed ***:Patients undergoing surgical liver ablation f.om 2005-2023 at a tertiary center by a single surgeon f.r CRLM were included in a retrospective institutional review board-approved *** were compared using Wilcoxon,Chi-square,Kaplan-Meier,and Cox multivariate regression *** data are presented as median(interquartile range).Results:There were a total of.242 *** Rf. was done in 121 patients with 303 lesions and laparoscopic MWA in 121 patients with 300 *** was no dif.erence between the groups regarding operative time(161 vs.147 minutes,respectively,P=0.4),perioperative morbidity(3%vs.8%,respectively,P=0.2)or hospital stay(1 vs.1 day,P=0.05).Local recurrence(LR)per lesion with at least 1 year of.imaging f.llow-up was 29%in the Rf. and 13%in the MWA group(Pf.*** control these variables,direct matching was *** cohort included 189 ***-Meier analysis of.these cohorts showed increased LR-f.ee survival in the MWA group *** Rf. group(P=0.005).Conclusions:This large study conf.rms our initial observation that local tumor control rate is better af.er MWA ***.

关键词： Colorectal cancer liver metastasis liver ablation radiof.equency ablation(Rf.) microwave ablation(MWA) local recurrence(LR)

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理解老年人的身体活动:基于时空行为视角的研究

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体育科学 2024年第1期44卷 78-87页

作者：成佳俐仇军 james f.Sallis 于洪军河北师范大学公共体育教学部河北石家庄050024 湖州师范学院体育与大健康研究院浙江湖州313000 美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校家庭医学与公共卫生系加利福尼亚圣地亚哥92093 清华大学体育部北京100084

目的:从时空行为视角对建成环境与老年人户外身体活动的时空行为特征进行研究,为促进我国老年人身体活动水平提升和应对老龄化趋势提供新思路。方法:采用全球定位系统(global position system,GPS)和三维加速度计对126名老年人时空行为... 详细信息

目的:从时空行为视角对建成环境与老年人户外身体活动的时空行为特征进行研究,为促进我国老年人身体活动水平提升和应对老龄化趋势提供新思路。方法:采用全球定位系统(global position system,GPS)和三维加速度计对126名老年人时空行为数据进行同步收集,通过空间算法将环境暴露数据与身体活动数据相关联,总结其出行方式、出行时间、出行频率、出行范围等特征。结果:1)老年人户外身体活动存在“点-线”型、“候鸟”型、“条链”型、“自由”型、“邻里”型、“综合”型6种时空模式;2)老年人主要户外身体活动范围为家附近500 m左右;3)老年人近45%的热量消耗和中高强度身体活动发生在户外空间,主要户外活动兴趣点为休闲娱乐、购物和运动健身;4)老年人户外身体活动特征以出行频率高和短时耗为主,出行次数对身体活动水平有显著影响,出行次数每增加1次,平均每周户外身体活动水平增加20.5 min。结论:我国老年人户外身体活动呈现出多样化的时空行为模式,未来可以将增加出行次数作为促进老年人身体活动水平的切入点。

关键词：时空行为建成环境老年人户外身体活动

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Burrowing Richardson's ground squirrels af.ect plant seedling assemblages via environmental but not seed bank changes

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 219-226页

作者： Levi J.Newediuk james f.hare Department of.Biological Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada R3T 2N2

In grassland ecosystems,burrowing mammals create disturbances,providing habitat f.r animal species and increasing plant community *** investigated whether seedling assemblages on Richardson's ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii mounds result f.om seed rearrangement or environmental changes that f.vor germination of.certain species over *** test whether ground squirrels rearrange the seed bank by burrowing,we compared seed compositions among mounds,burrows,and undisturbed *** test whether ground squirrels change environmental conditions,we compared soil nitrate and bare ground cover on and of. *** also compared seedlings that germinated on mounds with seedlings that germinated on artif.cial disturbances f.om which we removed aboveground *** nitrate and bare ground cover were signif.cantly higher on mounds than artif.cial *** seed richness and abundance did not dif.er among mounds,burrows,and undisturbed soil,seedling richness was reduced on mounds relative to artif.cial *** disturbance f.vors seedlings that can capitalize on bare ground availability but are less able to immobilize nitrate,as opposed to perennial species that immobilize more nitrate but take longer to *** results suggest that Richardson's ground squirrels act as ecosystem engineers,although f.ture research f.llowing succession on ground squirrel mounds is necessary to understand how they inf.uence plant communities past the seedling stage.

关键词： burrowing disturbance ecosystem engineering Richardsons ground squirrel seed bank seedling species composition

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of.Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of.Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： james f. SMITH Department of.Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subf.mily Cyrtandroideae of.Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of.much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL-f.f.r molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artif.cial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that def.nes Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in dif.erent clades of.diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of.Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of.the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of.Chirita. The species of.Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea f.rm a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising f.ur monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We f.rther analyzed the morphological evolution of.Chirita and identif.ed a series of.morphological synapomorphies f.r the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita D. Don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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What diameter?What height?Inf.uence of.measures of.average tree size on area-based allometric volume relationships

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f.rest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun james B.McCarter Integrated f.rest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of.Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of.f.restry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientif.c Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attribute used in many f.rest management *** f.om 83 f.xed-area plots located in central New Brunswick,Canada,are used to examine how dif.erent measures of.stand-level diameter and height inf.uence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of.Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f.Diameter,Height,Density))choice of.diameter measure was more important than choice of.height *** density was not included(Volume=f.Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-based estimators of.stand diameter and height perf.rmed better than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of.stand diameter and height perf.rmed better than other *** overall best equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used mean diameter of.the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of.400 and the mean height of.the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of.this study have some important implications f.r height subsampling and LiDAR-derived f.rest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attributes

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