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Assessing the performance of YOLOv5 algorithm for detecting volunteer cotton plants in corn fields at three different growth stages

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 292-303页

作者： Pappu Kumar Yadav J.Alex Thomasson Stephen W.Searcy Robert G.Hardin Ulisses Braga-Neto Sorin C.Popescu Daniel e.martin Roberto Rodriguez Karem Meza Juan enciso Jorge Solórzano Diaz Tianyi Wang Department of Biological&Agricultural engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States of America Department of Agricultural&Biological engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUnited States of America Department of electrical&Computer engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States of America Department of ecology&Conservation Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States of America Aerial Application Technology Research U.S.D.A.Agriculture Research ServiceCollege StationTXUnited States of America U.S.D.A.-APHIS PPQ S&T Mission LabEdinburgTXUnited States of America Department of Civil&environmental engineering Utah State UniversityLoganUTUnited States of America Texas A&M AgriLife Research&extension Center WeslacoTXUnited States of America College of engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

The feral or volunteer cotton(VC)plants when reach the pinhead squaring phase(5–6 leaf stage)can act as hosts for the boll weevil(Anthonomus grandis L.)*** Texas Boll Weevil eradication Program(TBWeP)employs people to locate and eliminate VC plants growing by the side of roads or fields with rotation crops but the ones growing in the middle of fields remain *** this paper,we demonstrate the application of computer vision(CV)algorithm based on You Only Look Once version 5(YOLOv5)for detecting VC plants growing in the middle of corn fields at three different growth stages(V3,V6 and VT)using unmanned aircraft systems(UAS)remote sensing *** the four variants of YOLOv5(s,m,l,and x)were used and their performances were compared based on classification accuracy,mean average precision(mAP)and *** was found that YOLOv5s could detect VC plants with maximum classification accuracy of 98%and mAP of 96.3%at V6 stage of corn while YOLOv5s and YOLOv5m resulted in the lowest classification accuracy of 85%and YOLOv5m and YOLOv5l had the least mAP of 86.5%at VT stage on images of size 416×416 *** developed CV algorithm has the potential to effectively detect and locate VC plants growing in the middle of corn fields as well as expedite the management aspects of TBWeP.

关键词： Boll weevil Volunteer cotton plant Computer vision YOLOv5 Unmanned aircraft systems(UAS) Remote sensing

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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie Gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Joseph martin Bell Jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CeRAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional *** this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed *** elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 *** were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between *** magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid *** yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples *** pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the ***,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment *** confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different f

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis environment Nutritional Breeding

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Placement of removable metal biliary stent in post-orthotopic liver transplantation anastomotic stricture

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第28期16卷 3597-3600页

作者： Hoi-Poh Tee.martin W james Arthur J Kaffes Gastroenterology Unit Medical Department Hospital Tengku Ampuan AfzanJalan Tanah Putih25100 KuantanPahangMalaysia Wolfson Digestive Disease Biomedical Re search Unit Nottingham NG7 2UHUnited Kingdom AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Live Centre Royal Prince Alfred HospitalMissenden RoadCamp erdownNSW 2050Australia

Postoperative biliary strictures are the most common cause of benign biliary stricture in Western countries, secondary to either operative injury or bile duct anastomotic stricture following orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Surgery or endoscopic interventions are the mainstay of treatment for benign biliary *** aim to report the outcome of 2 patients with refractory anastomotic biliary stricture post-OLT,who had successful temporary placement of a prototype removable covered self-expandable metal stent(RCSeMS).These 2 patients(both men,aged 44 and 53 years)were given temporary placement of a prototype RCSeMS (8.5 Fr gauge delivery system,8 mm×40 mm stent dimensions)in the common bile duct across the biliary *** was no morbidity associated with stent placement and removal in these 2 *** parameters improved after the RCSeMS *** biliary patency was achieved in both the patients. No further biliary intervention was required within 14 and 18 mo follow-up after stent removal.

关键词： Anastomosis Biliary stent Biliary stricture Orthotopic liver transplantation Niti-S stent

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New techniques in the tissue diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 192-197页

作者： Charles H Knowles Joanne e.martin Neurogastroenterology Group Centres for Academic Surgery and Pathology Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science Barts and the London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry Whitechapel London United Kingdom

Gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders of children and adults in which symptoms are presumed or proven to arise as a result of neuromuscular (including interstitial cell of Cajal) dysfunction. Common to most of these diseases are symptoms of impaired motor activity which manifest as slowed or obstructed transit with or without evidence of transient or persistent radiological visceral dilatation. A variety of histopathological techniques and allied investigations are being increasingly applied to tissue biopsies from such patients. This review outlines some of the more recent advances in this fi eld, particularly in the most contentious area of small bowel disease manifesting as intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

关键词： enteric myopathy enteric neuropathy Interstitial cells of Cajal Intestinal pseudo-obstruction,Visceral pain

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Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： james M.Fitton martin Lehmann David C.Major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： Climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

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evolving landscape and novel treatments in, metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 342-349页

作者： Paul J Toren martin e Gleave Department of Urologic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC） have advanced in recent years and significantly improved the Outlook for patients with this aggressive and lethal disease. Further understanding of the biology＇of CRPC has led to several new targeted therapies and continues to emphasize the importance of androgen receptor （AR） directed therapy. The treatment landscape is rapidly changing and further biologically rationale, biomarker-based ongoing clinical trials are needed. We review the recent results of major clinical trials in CRPC. New and investigational agents now in clinical evaluation are reviewed including inhibitors of angiogenesis, microtubules, chaperones, AR and intracellular kinases, as well as immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and bone-targeted agents. The recent improvement in prognosis for CRPC brings continued optimism for further improvements. Thoughtful planning of clinical trials and further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to therapies will allow for continued progress in patient care.

关键词： prostate cancer treatment resistance androgen receptor antagonists molecular targets

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Biomaterials for spinal cord repair

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第4期29卷 445-459页

作者： Agnes e. Haggerty martin oudega Departments of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Departments of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition University of Pittsburgh Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Pittsburgh Departments of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh

Spinal cord injury （SCI） results in permanent loss of function leading to often devastating personal, economic and social problems. A contributing factor to the permanence of SCI is that damaged axons do not regenerate, which prevents the re-establishment of axonal circuits involved in function. Many groups are working to develop treatments that address the lack of axon regeneration after SCI. The emergence of biomaterials for regeneration and increased collaboration between engineers, basic and translational scientists, and clinicians hold promise for the development of effective therapies for SCI. A plethora of biomaterials is available and has been tested in various models of SCI. Considering the clinical relevance of contusion injuries, we primarily focus on polymers that meet the specific criteria for addressing this type of injury. Biomaterials may provide structural support and/or serve as a delivery vehicle for factors to arrest growth inhibition and promote axonal growth. Designing materials to address the specific needs of the damaged central nervous system is crucial and possible with current technology. Here, we review the most prominent materials, their optimal characteristics, and their potential roles in repairing and regenerating damaged axons following SCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury axon regeneration biodegradable materials extracellular matrix proteins functionalrecovery growth factor guidance injury and repair spinal motor neuron

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On ultrahigh temperature crustal metamorphism:Phase equilibria,trace element thermometry,bulk composition,heat sources,timescales and tectonic settings

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 311-356页

作者： David e.Kelsey martin Hand Department of Geology and Geophysics School of Physical SciencesThe University of Adelaide

Ultrahigh temperature （UHT） metamorphism is the most thermally extreme form of regional crustal metamorphism, with temperatures exceeding 900 ℃. UHT crustal metamorphism is recognised in more than 50 localities globally in the metamorphic rock record and is accepted as ＇normal＇ in the spectrum of regional crustal processes. UHT metamorphism is Wpically identified on the basis of diagnostic mineral assemblages such as sapphirine ＋ quartz, orthopyroxene ＋ sillimanite ＋ quartz and osumilite in Mg-Al- rich rock compositions, now usually coupled with pseudosection-based thermobarometry using internally-consistent thermodynamic data sets and/or Al-in-Orthopyroxene and ternary feldspar thermobarometry. Significant progress in the understanding of regional UHT metamorphism in recent years includes：（1） development of a ferric iron activity-composition thermodynamic model for sapphirine, allowing phase diagram calculations for oxidised rock compositions; （2） quantification of UHT conditions via trace element thermometry, with Zr-in-rutile more commonly recording higher temperatures than Ti-in-zircon. Rutile is likely to be stable at peak UHT conditions whereas zircon may only grow as UHT rocks are cooling. In addition, the extent to which Zr diffuses out of rutile is controlled by chemical communication with zircon; （3） more fully recognising and utilising temperature-dependent thermal properties of the crust, and the possible range of heat sources causing metamorphism in geodynamic modelling studies; （4） recognising that crust partially melted either in a previous event or earlier in a long-duration event has greater capacity than fertile, unmelted crust to achieve UHT conditions due to the heat energy consumed by partial melting reactions; （5） more strongly linking U-Pb geochronological data from zircon and monazite to P-T points or path segments through using Y ＋ Ree partitioning between accessory and major phases, as well as phase diagrams incorporating Zr and Ree; and （

关键词： Sapphirine + quartz P-T pseudosections Zr-in-rutile Ti-in-zircon U-Pb geochronology Subduction

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas Jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed *** is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid *** study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive *** strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid ***,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional *** outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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蒂姆·布朗:拥抱未知

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设计艺术研究 2022年第2期12卷 1-3页

作者： Courtney e.martin(采访) 王曦(译) 不详

问:(在1983年您关于设计的第一篇文章中)您写道:"对于某种技能高度熟练的掌握,如渲染或者模型制作,会让创作者被平庸的解决方案所蛊惑。"我感觉这是您在《设计改变一切》这本书中想要表达的关键问题,对吗?So,you wrote,"A great profici... 详细信息

问:(在1983年您关于设计的第一篇文章中)您写道:"对于某种技能高度熟练的掌握,如渲染或者模型制作,会让创作者被平庸的解决方案所蛊惑。"我感觉这是您在《设计改变一切》这本书中想要表达的关键问题,对吗?So,you wrote,"A great proficiency in a certain skill,such as rendering or model-making,has allowed a mediocre solution to seduce those for whom it was produced".Which I feel like is actually central to your book,"Change by Design",right?

关键词：模型制作 rendering allowed

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