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The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics:An opportunity to promote physical activity and winter sports in Chinese youth

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth james F.Sallis School of Kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA

TagedPIn February and March 2022,China will host the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter *** vision for this landmark event promises a“joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow uniting the passion of hundreds of millions for winter sports”.1 Themes have been developed to create a positive environmental impact with new development for the northern region of the country and to promote winter sports and improve the health and well-being of the Chinese *** key messages for the winter games include inspiring youth with the Olympic spirit and encouraging millions to embrace winter ***,the Chinese government aims to mobilize at least 300 million of its citizens to engage in winter sports as an outcome of hosting the Winter Olympic Games.

关键词： winter sports hundreds

Prophylaxis with intraocular pressure lowering medication and glaucomatous progression in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VeGF therapy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1611-1618页

作者： Jeanette Du james T Patrie Xiao-Yu Cai Bruce e Prum Yevgeniy Shildkrot New York eye and ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai 310 East 14 StreetNew YorkNY 10003USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of VirginiaP.0.Box 800717CharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA Department of Ophthalmology University of Virginia School of Medicine1300 Jefferson Park AveCharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA

AIM: To investigate whether pretreatment with pressurelowering medication prior to anti-vascular endothelial factor(VeGF) injections had an effect on glaucomatous progression in patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension(OHT).MeTHODS: A total of 66 eyes from 54 patients with a preexisting diagnosis of glaucoma or OHT, treated with six or more anti-VeGF injections were selected for chart review. Primary outcome measures were rate of visual field loss in d B/year, rate of change in retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness in microns/year, and need for additional glaucoma ***: The number of eyes requiring additional glaucoma medication was 5 of 20(25.0%) and 14 of 46(30.4%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. The number of eyes requiring glaucoma laser or surgery was 4 of 20(20.0%) and 13 of 46(28.3%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. estimated mean rate of pattern standard deviation decline was not significant in either group(P>0.073), with no difference between groups(P=0.332). Although both groups showed significant RNFL change from baseline(Perence was detected between groups(P=0.467).CONCLUSION: Pretreatment has no detectable effect on structural or functional glaucomatous progression. Patients receiving repeated injections may be at risk for glaucomatous complications requiring invasive intervention.

关键词： anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy pretreatment glaucomatous progression

extreme Cold events from east Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21:Comparisons,Causes,and Future Implications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第4期39卷 553-565页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN james e.OVeRLAND Annette RINKe Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Univeristy of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK 99775USA University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research14401 PotsdamGermany Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00101 HelsinkiFinland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA

Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across east Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/*** events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical *** analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major *** Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air *** long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time *** displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme *** results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”.

关键词： extreme weather events sea surface temperature Arctic sea ice Arctic amplification sudden stratospheric warming stratospheric polar vortex

Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.james Timothy A.Quine John N.Quinton Richard e.Brazier CReWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare earth Oxide(ReO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and ReO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and ReO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james e.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： Nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials Nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

Using bioacoustic tools to clarify species delimitation within the Blakiston's Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni)complex

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 17-24页

作者： Nyanasengeran Movin Tatjana Gamova Sergei G.Surmach Jonathan C.Slaght A.A.Kisleiko james A.eaton Frank e.Rheindt Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore16 Science Drive 4Singapore117558Singapore Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of Terrestrial Biota of east Asia FeB RAS.Vladivostok Russia Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern BlvdBronxNYUSA10460 Kurilskii State Nature Reserve Yuzhno-KurilskRussia A-3A-5 Casa Indah ⅠPersiaran Surian47810Petaling JayaMalaysia

Although Blakiston’s Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni) is widely treated as a single species,marked differences in the structure of pair duets between continental and insular populations have been ***,no study has quantitatively assessed these vocal *** obtained 192 duets from 22 pairs of Blakiston’s Fish Owl:15 pairs of *** from the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the Russian Kuril island of Kunashir,and seven pairs of *** from Primorye on the Russian *** is a sizeable dataset for such a large,retiring,and rare *** conducted bioacoustic examinations of 14 vocal parameters using principal component analysis and the Isler criterion to quantitatively test species boundaries within the *** *** found that the insular populations on Hokkaido and Kunashir emerged as vocally similar to each other but markedly different from the continental populations of ***,corresponding closely with presently accepted subspecies *** differences in the duets of the insular and continental groups are greater than the pairwise comparisons of territorial vocalisations between other sympatric owl *** on the reproductive importance of vocal duets in owl biology,we propose the taxonomic elevation of the continental subspecies to species level as Northern Fish Owl *** study corroborates the importance of bioacoustics in ascertaining species boundaries in owls and has important implications for the management of the two newly delimited species,each likely to be assessed as *** species should be managed independently to optimise conservation outcomes.

关键词： eagle Owl Japan Russian Far east Taxonomy Biogeography

A classical equation that accounts for observations of non-Arrhenius and cryogenic grain boundary migration

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1492-1500页

作者： eric R.Homer Oliver K.Johnson Darcey Britton james e.Patterson eric T.Sevy Gregory B.Thompson Department of Mechanical engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Metallurgical and Materials engineering University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35401USA

Observations of microstructural coarsening at cryogenic temperatures,as well as numerous simulations of grain boundary motion that show faster migration at low temperature than at high temperature,have been troubling because they do not follow the expected Arrhenius *** work demonstrates that classical equations,that are not simplified,account for all these oddities and demonstrate that non-Arrhenius behavior can emerge from thermally activated *** to this classical model,this occurs when the intrinsic barrier energies of the processes become small,allowing activation at cryogenic *** thermal energy then allows the low energy process to proceed in reverse,so increasing temperature only serves to frustrate the forward *** classical form is shown to reconcile and describe a variety of diverse grain boundary migration observations.

关键词： cryogenic grain boundary

Deposition of nanoparticles on school eyeglasses in urban and rural areas:A methodology for a more real assessment of the possible impacts

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 498-505页

作者： Kátia Martinello james C.Hower Guilherme L.Dotto Claudete G.Ramos Carlos e.Schnorr Diana Pinto Instituto Inanís Rua Felizardo FurtadoPorto AlegreBrazil University of Kentucky Department of Earth&Environmental SciencesLexingtonKY 40506USA University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Chemical engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria97105-900 Santa MariaBrazil Department of Civil and environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia

Because incomplete confirmation is available concerning the influential role of atmosphere contamination on conjunctivitis,myopia,asthma,and allergic rhinitis in Brazil,the focus of the present work is to explore the possible relations among atmosphere contamination and eye *** that a case study on eye diseases,by way of questionnaires supplemented by the investigation of nanoparticles(NPs)on eyeglasses,the study examines the mechanisms in which NPs and ultra-fine particles are deposited on the glasses of children up to 10 years of age in urban and rural *** important connection between atmosphere contaminants and individual protection equipment justifies improving indoor school properties in order could protect children’s eyes,particularly in high-pollution/high-particulate areas.

关键词： Indoor air pollution Nanoparticles eyes health Allergic reaction Schools

The onset of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for single-particle detection of submicroplastics

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 58-64页

作者： Cheng-Hao Lee james Kar-Hei Fang Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Microplastics represent an emerging environmental problem worldwide, raising ecological and food safety concerns. Compared to microplastics, there is growing evidence of an even higher abundance of submicro-and nanoplastics in the environment, but a reliable monitoring method for detecting these smaller-sized plastics is lacking. Herein we presented the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SeRS) for this purpose. Particles of polystyrene(PS;600 nm) were used as the probe analyte. Gold nanourchins(Au NU;50 nm),i.e. urchin-shaped nanoparticles with irregular spikes around the core, were used as the SeRS-active substrate. The effectiveness of SeRS on PS was evaluated at a single-particle level with different numbers of Au NU in order to determine the minimum conditions required for the onset of the SeRS effect. Our findings suggest that SeRS of a single particle of PS can be induced by as few as 1–5 particles of Au NU, and that the use of excitation wavelength at 785 nm is appropriate to meet the red-shifted surface plasmon resonance of Au NU upon aggregation. These specifications provide additional information for the development of SeRS-based tools for detecting plastic particles environmental samples.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics Gold nanourchins SeRS Food contamination