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Recent Increased Warming of the Alaskan Marine Arctic Due to Midlatitude Linkages

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 75-84页

作者： james e.overland Muyin WANG Thomas J.BALLINGeR NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory Seattle WA 98115USA Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans University of Washington Seattle WA 98115USA Department of Geography Texas State UniversitySan Marcos TX 78666USA

Alaskan Arctic waters have participated in hemispheric-wide Arctic warming over the last two decades at over two times the rate of global warming. During 2008–13, this relative warming occurred only north of the Bering Strait and the atmospheric Arctic front that forms a north–south thermal barrier. This front separates the southeastern Bering Sea temperatures from Arctic air masses. Model projections show that future temperatures in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas continue to warm at a rate greater than the global rate, reaching a change of +4℃ by 2040 relative to the 1981–2010 mean. Offshore at 74°N, climate models project the open water duration season to increase from a current average of three months to five months by 2040. These rates are occasionally enhanced by midlatitude connections. Beginning in August 2014, additional Arctic warming was initiated due to increased SST anomalies in the North Pacific and associated shifts to southerly winds over Alaska, especially in winter 2015–16. While global warming and equatorial teleconnections are implicated in North Pacific SSTs, the ending of the 2014–16 North Pacific warm event demonstrates the importance of internal, chaotic atmospheric natural variability on weather conditions in any given year. Impacts from global warming on Alaskan Arctic temperature increases and sea-ice and snow loss, with occasional North Pacific support, are projected to continue to propagate through the marine ecosystem in the foreseeable future. The ecological and societal consequences of such changes show a radical departure from the current Arctic environment.

关键词： Alaska North Pacific Arctic warm advection polar vortex

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extreme Cold events from east Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21:Comparisons,Causes,and Future Implications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第4期39卷 553-565页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN james e.overland Annette RINKe Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Univeristy of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK 99775USA University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research14401 PotsdamGermany Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00101 HelsinkiFinland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA

Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across east Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/*** events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical *** analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major *** Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air *** long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time *** displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme *** results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”.

关键词： extreme weather events sea surface temperature Arctic sea ice Arctic amplification sudden stratospheric warming stratospheric polar vortex

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Anomalous Arctic Surface Wind Patterns and Their Impacts on September Sea Ice Minima and Trend

Anomalous Arctic Surface Wind Patterns and Their Impacts on ...

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强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会年会

作者： james e.overland Rosanne D'Arrigo NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleUSA

We used the NCeP/NCAR re-analysis monthly mean surface wind data from 1979 to 2010 to describe the first two patterns of Arctic surface wind variability by means of the complex vector empirical orthogonal function (CVeOF)analysis. The first two patterns respectively account for 31% and 16% of its total anomalous kinetic energy. The leading pattern consists of the two sub-patterns: the northern Laptev Sea (NLS) pattern and the Arctic dipole (AD) pattern. The second pattern contains the northern Kara Sea (NKS) pattern and the central Arctic (CA) pattern. Over the past two decades, the combined dynamical forcing of the first two patterns has contributed to Arctic September sea ice extent minima and its declining trend. September sea ice extent minima are mainly associated with the negative phase of the AD pattern and the positive phase of the CA pattern during the summer (July to September) season, and both phases coherently show an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean. Wind patterns affect September sea ice extent through their frequency and *** negative trend in September sea ice extent over the past two decades is associated with increased frequency and enhanced intensity of the CA pattern during the melting season from April to September. Thus, it cannot be simply attributed to the Arctic dipole anomaly characterized by the second empirical orthogonal function mode of sea level pressure north of 70-N. The CA pattern exhibitedinterdecadal variability in the late 1990s, and an anomalous cyclone prevailed before 1997 and was then replaced by an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean that is consistent with the rapid decline trend in September sea ice extent. This paper provides an alternative way to identify the dominant patterns of climate variability and investigate their associated Arctic sea ice variability from a dynamical perspective. Indeed, this study only investigates the role of surface wind dynamical forcing in resulting September sea

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Preface to the Special Issue on Changing Arctic Climate and Low/Mid-latitudes Connections

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2135-2137页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Xianyao CHeN Andrew ORR james eoverland Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Qinghua YANG Renhe ZHANG North Carolina State University AshevilleNC 28801USA Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and earth System Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China British Antarctic Survey High CrossMadingley RoadCambridge CB30ETUK NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FI-00560Finland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

The Arctic climate system has changed rapidly during recent decades with a two-four times faster warming rate than the global average subject to the uncertainties of analysis datasets and *** changes have apparently resulted in broader and sizeable impacts within the Arctic,in the low/mid-latitudes,and *** importance of these changes and impacts makes the Arctic stand out within the global climate systems,drawing great attention and interests from the climate research community,the general public,and the government *** of the persistent,leading-edge topics in climate stud-ies during recent decades has therefore been to improve understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms,evaluate socioe-conomic and ecological impacts,and enhance the ability of the prediction and projections of Arctic climate changes.

关键词： Arctic latitude warming

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exploring the mass gap:Black holes in green pea galaxies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 170-171页

作者： james e.Rhoads School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

We know about black holes primarily on two mass scales(e.g.,see Figure 22 of ref.[1]).Supermassive black holes inhabit the centers of galaxies,where they sometimes power active galactic nuclei(AGN).Their populations can be probed through AGN surveys,tidal disruption event surveys,and(in the closest galaxies)stellar and gas dynamics in the innermost regions where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential.

关键词： galaxies tidal galactic

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Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james e.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： Nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials Nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

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Prediction of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid blends using artificial neural network

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Frontiers in energy 2016年第1期10卷 114-124页

作者： Arunachalam VeLMURUGAN Marimuthu LOGANATHAN e. james GUNASeKARAN Department of Mechanical engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608002 India

This paper explores the use of artificial neural networks （ANN） to predict performance, combustion and emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke stationary, diesel engine operated by thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid （TC-CNSL） as the biodiesel blended with diesel. The tests were performed at three different injection timings （21°, 23°, 25℃A bTDC） by changing the thickness of the advance shim. The ANN was used to predict eight different engine-output responses, namely brake thermal efficiency （BTe）, brake specific fuel consumption （BSFC）, exhaust gas temperature （eGT）, carbon monoxide （CO）, oxide of nitrogen （NOx）, hydrocarbon （HC）, maximum pressure （Pm~,,） and heat release rate （HRR）. Four pertinent engine operating parameters, i.e., injection timing （IT）, injection pressure （IP）, blend percentage and pecentage load were used as the input parameters for this modeling work. The ANN results show that there is a good correlation between the ANN predicted values and the experimental values for various engine performances, combustion parameters and exhaust emission characteristics. The mean square error value （MSe） is 0.005621 and the regression value ofR2 is 0.99316 for training, 0.98812 for validation, 0.9841 for testing while the overall value is 0.99173. Thus the developed ANN model is fairly powerful for predicting the performance, combustion and exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines.

关键词： cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) artificialneural networks (ANN) thermal cracking mean squareerror (MSe)

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Three-dimensional models:from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： SAYUMI TAHARA SYDNeY ReNTSCH FeRNANDA COSTAS CASAL De FARIA PATRICIA SARCHeT ROMA KARNA FeDeRICA CALORe RAPHAeL e.POLLOCK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other *** to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma *** cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under *** vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell ***,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)***,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between *** the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy *** this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell *** then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO ***,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid(PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional(3D)cell culture

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Sporophytic nondisjunction of the maize B chromosome at high copy numbers

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第1期37卷 79-84页

作者： Rick e.Masonbrink james A.Birchler Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri

It has been known for decades that the maize B chromosome undergoes nondisjunction at the second pollen *** in-situ hybridization （FISH） was used to undertake a quantitative study of maize plants with differing numbers of B chromosomes to observe if instability increases by increasing B dosage in root tip tissue.B chromosome nondisjunction was basically absent at low copy number,but increased at higher B ***,B nondisjunction rates are dependent on the dosage of B＇s in the *** in nondisjunction were also documented between odd and even doses of the *** plants that have inherited odd numbered doses of the B chromosome,B loss is nearly twice as likely as B gain in a somatic *** comparing plants with even doses of B＇s to plants with odd doses of B＇s,plants with even numbers had a significantly higher chance to increase in ***,the B＇s nondisjunctive capacity,previously thought to be primarily restricted to the gametophyte,is present in sporophytic cells.

关键词： maize Zea mays B chromosome nondisjunction odd-even effect

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Vertebrate social communication： ecological and evolution- ary insights from social signals

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 677-679页

作者： james e HARe Guest editor Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2

1 Communication and Social Signals Wilson （1975） defines communication as ＂the action on the part of one organism （or cell） that alters the probability pattern of behavior in another organism （or cell） in a fashion adaptive to either one or both the par- ticipants＂. Only a definition this broad can capture all the term ＂communication＂ encompasses;

关键词：动物社会信号进化观生态脊椎行为模式有机体威尔逊

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