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<i>In-Vitro</i>Determination of Biological and Anabolic Functions of Weak Androgen Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHeA) Using a Variety of Cell Lines

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Open Journal of endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2015年第8期5卷 105-116页

作者： james L. cox Yingzi Chang Pandurangan Ramaraj Department of Biochemistry Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine A.T. Still University of Health Sciences Kirksville MO USA Department of Pharmacology Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine A. T. Still University of Health Sciences Kirksville MO USA

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHeA) is a weak androgen and is shown to have anti-cancer, anti-atherogenic, anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on mouse, rat and rabbit models. However, human clinical trials data did not support animal findings and were inconclusive. These systemic differences in biological actions between rodents and humans were attributed to the low level of DHeA in rodents. In order to further understand the differences in biological functions between rodents and humans, we resorted to an in-vitroapproach involving mouse, rat and human cell lines to assess DHeA biological and anabolic functions separately and independently without systemic influence. Results indicated that DHeA was effective on mouse and rat cell lines but not on human cell lines, as observed in in-vivo studies. In addition, our in-vitrostudy showed that DHeA was able to induce myogenesis in mouse mesenchymal cells revealing its anabolic function, even though DHeA was considered as a weak androgen. This observation lent credence to the ban on DHeA by IOC medical commission, citing DHeA as an anabolic steroid. These in-vitro experiments suggested that the differences in biological actions of DHeA between rodents and humans existed not only in-vivo at the systemic level, but also in-vitro at the cellular level and thus paving the way to study the mechanism responsible for these differences at the cellular level itself.

关键词： Dehydroepiandrosterone Various Cell Lines Biological Functions Anabolic Function

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Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel operated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

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Frontiers in energy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： M. LOGANATHAN A. VeLMURUGAN TOM PAGe e. james GUNASeKARAN P. TAMILARASAN Department of Mechanical engineering Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India Product Design and Manufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel and growing demand necessitates researchers to find alternative fuels which are clean and sustainable. The need for finding renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly fuel resources can never be understated. An efficient method of generation and storage of hydrogen will enable automotive manufacturers to introduce hydrogen fuelled engine in the market. In this paper, a conventional DI diesel engine was modified to operate as gas engine. The intake manifold of the engine was supplied with hydrogen along with recirculated exhaust gas and air. The injection rates of hydrogen were maintained at three levels with 2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min and 8 L/min and 10 L/min with an injection pressure of 2 bar. Many of the combustion parameters like heat release rate （HRR）, ignition delay, combustion duration, rate of pressure rise （ROPR）, cumulative heat release rate （CHR）, and cyclic pressure fluctuations were measured. The HRR peak pressure decreased with the increase in eGR rate, while combustion duration increased with the eGR rate. The cyclic pressure variation also increased with the increase in eGR rate.

关键词： hydrogen exhaust gas recirculation (eGR),diesel combustion heat release rate (HRR) combustionduration

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Advanced Computational Methods of Rapid and Rigorous 3-D Inversion of Airborne electromagnetic Data

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第1期3卷 160-179页

作者： Leif H.cox Michael S.Zhdanov Department of Geophysical engineering Montana Tech of the University of Montana1300W Park StreetButteMT 59701-8997USA Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah135 S.1460 E.Rm 719Salt Lake CityUT 84112USA.

We develop a new computational method for modeling and inverting frequency domain airborne electromagnetic(eM)*** method is based on the contraction integral equation method for forward eM modeling and on inversion using the localized quasi-linear(LQL)approximation followed by the rigorous inversion,if *** LQL inversion serves to provide a fast image of the *** results are checked by a rigorous update of the domain electric field,allowing a more accurate calculation of the predicted *** the accuracy is poorer than desired,rigorous inversion follows,using the resulting conductivity distribution and electric field from LQL as a starting *** rigorous inversion iteratively solves the field and domain equations,converting the non-linear inversion into a series of linear *** test this method on synthetic and field *** results of the inversion are very encouraging with respect to both the speed and the accuracy of the algorithm,showing this is a useful tool for airborne eM interpretation.

关键词： Computational geophysics airborne electromagnetics inversion 3-D LQL rigorous

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Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in ancient fluvial-tidal channels:example from the McMurray Formation,Canada

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2219-2238页

作者： Andrew D.La Croix Shahin e.Dashtgard james A.Maceachern energy Initiative University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology(ARISe)Group Department of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada

The fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)is a complex depositional zone,where fluvial flow is modified by tides as rivers approach a receiving marine *** in the relative importance of tidal versus fluvial processes lead to a distinctive distribution of sediments that accumulate on channel *** FTT generally consists of three broad zones:(1)a freshwater-tidal zone;(2)a tidally influenced freshwater to brackish-water transition:and(3)a zone of relatively sustained brackish-water conditions with stronger tides.A very common type of deposit through the fluvial-tidal transition,especially on the margins of migrating channels,is inclined heterolithic stratification(IHS).At present,a detailed account of changes in the character of IHS across the FIT of a paleo-channel system has not been reported,although a number of modern examples have been *** fill this gap,we quantitatively assess the sedimentology and ichnology of IHS from seven cored intervals in three geographic areas situated within the youngest paleovalley("A"Valley)in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation of *** compare the data to trends defined along the FTT in the present-day Fraser River in British *** to interpret paleo-depositional position in the ancient fluvial-tidal *** determined that the mean mudstone thickness is 8.2 cm in the southern study area(SA).Mean thickness increases to 11 cm in the central study area(CA),and decreases again to 4.4 cm in the northern study area(NA).The proportion of mudstone is 31%in SA,44%in CA,and 27%in *** mean bioturbation intensity in sands varied from 0.29 in SA and *** 0.28 in *** the other hand,thickness-weighted mean bioturbation intensity(Bl)in mudstone increases from 1.46 in *** 1.77 in *** is 1.94 in *** ichnological diversity also increased from south to *** results show sinilar trends to those of the Fraser River,enabling the identification of a freshwater

关键词： Fluvial-tidal transition McMurray Formation Fraser river Inclined heterolithic stratification Modern analogue Quantirative sedimentology and ichnology

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Fundamentals of linear electronics 2nd ed.

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2002年

作者： james cox.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics:An opportunity to promote physical activity and winter sports in Chinese youth

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth james F.Sallis School of Kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA

TagedPIn February and March 2022,China will host the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter *** vision for this landmark event promises a“joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow uniting the passion of hundreds of millions for winter sports”.1 Themes have been developed to create a positive environmental impact with new development for the northern region of the country and to promote winter sports and improve the health and well-being of the Chinese *** key messages for the winter games include inspiring youth with the Olympic spirit and encouraging millions to embrace winter ***,the Chinese government aims to mobilize at least 300 million of its citizens to engage in winter sports as an outcome of hosting the Winter Olympic Games.

关键词： winter sports hundreds

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Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications:the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance

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ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 254-274页

作者： Lorraine e Flint Alan L Flint james H Thorne Ryan Boynton Water Resources Discipline U.S.Geological SurveyPlacer Hall6000 J StreetSacramentoCA 95819-6129USA Information Center for the environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Introduction:Resource managers need spatially explicit models of hydrologic response to changes in key climatic drivers across variable landscape *** demonstrate the utility of a Basin Characterization Model for California(CA-BCM)to integrate high-resolution data on physical watershed characteristics with historical or projected climate data to predict watershed-specific hydrologic ***:The CA-BCM applies a monthly regional water-balance model to simulate hydrologic responses to climate at the spatial resolution of a 270-m *** model has been calibrated using a total of 159 relatively unimpaired watersheds for the California ***:As a result of calibration,predicted basin discharge closely matches measured data for validation *** CA-BCM recharge and runoff estimates,combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmelt,provide a basis for assessing variations in water *** important output variable,climatic water deficit,integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfall on site-specific soil moisture,a factor that plants may respond to more directly than air temperature and precipitation *** outputs are calculated for each grid cell,allowing results to be summarized for a variety of planning units including hillslopes,watersheds,ecoregions,or political ***:The ability to confidently calculate hydrologic outputs at fine spatial scales provides a new suite of hydrologic predictor variables that can be used for a variety of purposes,such as projections of changes in water availability,environmental demand,or distribution of plants and *** we present the framework of the CA-BCM model for the California hydrologic region,a test of model performance on 159 watersheds,summary results for the region for the 1981–2010 time period,and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.

关键词： Water balance Basin models Watershed hydrology Climate change Downscaling Basin characterization model

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Competition for food in 2 populations of a wild-caught fish

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 615-622页

作者： Pierre J.C. CHUARD Grant e. BROWN james W.A. GRANT Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Departmentof Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6

Aggressive behavior when competing for resources is expected to increase as the ratio of competitors-to-resource ratio （CRR） units increases. Females are expected to be more aggressive than males when competing for food when body size is more strongly related to reproductive suc- cess in females than in males, whereas aggression is predicted to decrease under high ambient predation risk by natural selection. Under the risk allocation model, however, individuals under high ambient predation risk are expected to be more aggressive, and forage more in the absence of imminent risk than their low risk counterparts. An interaction between adult sex ratio （i.e., adult males/females）, ambient predation risk （high vs. low）, and sex on intrasexual competition for mates in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata has been shown. The interaction suggested an increase in aggression rates as CRR increased, except for males from the high predation population. To compare the patterns of competition for food versus mates, we replicated this study by using food patches. We allowed 4 male or 4 female guppies from high and low predation populations to com- pete for 5, 3, or 1 food patches. The foraging rate was higher in a high rather than low ambient pre- dation risk population. Surprisingly, CRR, sex, and population of origin had no effect on aggression rates. Despite other environmental differences between the 2 populations, the effect of ambient predation risk may be a likely explanation for differences in foraging rates. These results highlight the importance for individuals to secure food despite the cost of competition and predation.

关键词： aggression competitor-to-resource ratio foraging Poecifia reticulata population differences predation risk sex

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Transcript analysis and expression profiling of three heat shock protein 70 genes in the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 415-428页

作者： Hao-Liang Chen Hong-Yu Zhang james e. Throne Kun Yan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hefei China USDA Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain & Animal Health Research Manhattan KS USA Department of entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoidHabrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes （HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70IIl） from 11. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple se- quence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHspTOI showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5℃ than at two lower temperatures （17.5℃ and 20℃） regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHspTOII showed higher ex- pression when H. hebetor were reared at 20℃ and 10 ： 14 L ： D than when reared at 17.5℃ and either 16 ： 8 L ： D or 10 ： 14 L ： D. In contrast, HhHSP7OIIIwas expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor.

关键词： ectoparasitoid gene expression Habrobracon hebetor heat shock protein70 phylogenetic analysis quantitative RT-PCR

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Seasonal Dynamics of Turbidity Maximum in the Muthupet estuary, India

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第5期14卷 765-777页

作者： PRIYA K.L. JeGATHAMBAL P. james e.J. School of Civil engineering Karunya University

Results are presented of the longitudinal and vertical profiling of salinity and suspended particulate matter(SPM) at the Muthupet estuary, India, during a one year period under widely varying freshwater flow conditions. Freshwater flow was available during post-monsoon and monsoon. An up-estuary shift in the location of estuarine turbidity maxima(eTM) was observed during the transition from post-monsoon to pre-monsoon and further it shifted downstream during the transition from pre-monsoon to monsoon, thereby exhibiting a pronounced seasonal cycle. The salinity intrusion was dependent on the freshwater discharge and was expressed as a power function of freshwater flow, explaining 97% of the variance. The formation of a salt plug in Muthupet estuary and its seasonal dynamics were observed, which is not an identified feature of any of the Indian estuaries studied so far. The geographical positions of salt plug and eTM core were more or less the same during their formation. The occurrence of two eTM during the LW of post-monsoon and the absence of eTM during monsoon explains the strong seasonal variation in the formation of eTM. The primary factor affecting the formation of eTM was identified as the freshwater flow over an annual cycle; the resuspension of sediments by tidal current affecting the formation on a flood/ebb cycle was secondary. The extent of shift of eTM was found to be an inverse logarithmic function of the freshwater discharge. The separation between eTM intrusion and salinity intrusion increased two fold with the increase in eTM intrusion.

关键词： estuarine turbidity maximum salinity intrusion suspended particulate matter salt plug Muthupet estuary, India

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