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Weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy efficiency in obese mice

Life Metabolism 2023年第2期2卷 23-34页

作者： Patrick J.Ferrara Marisa J.Lang Jordan M.Johnson Shinya Watanabe Kelsey L.McLaughlin John Alan Maschek Anthony R.P.Verkerke Piyarat Siripoksup Amandine Chaix james e.cox Kelsey H.Fisher-Wellman Katsuhiko Funai Diabetes&Metabolism Research Center University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84112United States Department of Nutrition&Integrative Physiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84112United States east Carolina Diabetes&Obesity Institute East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina 27834United States Department of Physiology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina 27834United States Metabolomics Core Research Facility University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84112United States Molecular Medicine Program University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84112United States Department of Biochemistry University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84112United States

Weight loss from an overweight state is associated with a disproportionate decrease in whole-body energy expenditure that may contribute to the heightened risk for weight *** suggests that this energetic mismatch originates from lean *** this phenomenon is well documented,the mechanisms have remained *** hypothesized that increased mitochondrial energy efficiency in skeletal muscle is associated with reduced expenditure under weight ***(WT)male C57BL6/N mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks,followed by a subset of mice that were maintained on the obesogenic diet(OB)or switched to standard chow to promote weight loss(WL)for additional 6 *** energy efficiency was evaluated using high-resolution respirometry and *** spectrometric analyses were employed to describe the mitochondrial proteome and *** loss promoted~50%increase in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation(ATP produced per O_(2) consumed,or P/O)in skeletal ***,Weight loss did not appear to induce significant changes in mitochondrial proteome,nor any changes in respiratory supercomplex ***,it accelerated the remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin(CL)acyl-chains to increase tetralinoleoyl CL(TLCL)content,a species of lipids thought to be functionally critical for the respiratory *** further show that lowering TLCL by deleting the CL transacylase tafazzin was sufficient to reduce skeletal muscle P/O and protect mice from diet-induced weight *** findings implicate skeletal muscle mitochondrial efficiency as a novel mechanism by which weight loss reduces energy expenditure in obesity.

关键词： energy efficiency energy expenditure mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation phospholipids weight loss

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exploring the mass gap:Black holes in green pea galaxies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 170-171页

作者： james e.Rhoads School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

We know about black holes primarily on two mass scales(e.g.,see Figure 22 of ref.[1]).Supermassive black holes inhabit the centers of galaxies,where they sometimes power active galactic nuclei(AGN).Their populations can be probed through AGN surveys,tidal disruption event surveys,and(in the closest galaxies)stellar and gas dynamics in the innermost regions where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential.

关键词： galaxies tidal galactic

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.james J.e.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTeCs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTeC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTeCs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

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exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing ***(STeC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STeC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the STeC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during STeC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： e.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

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A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan e.Barnard Y.M.John Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK ioMosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BeSS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BeSS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BeSS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BeSS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BeSS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BeSS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BeSS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BeSS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo eric cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(eTeC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with eTeC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(qe>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(Pelative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(Peae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in eTeC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota enterotoxigenic e.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

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How to fill the biodiversity data gap:Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james e.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include(1)curation of biological collections,and(2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little *** used the Flora de Bogota project to study the magnitude of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus *** process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but it significantly increased the number of records per *** contributed to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led to increases in spatial coverage,species observed by locality,the number of plant records by species,and localities by species compared to ***,curationwas more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork,mainly because of the large number of records available in *** recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity,to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with *** stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more costeffectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical Andes

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Reducing strain on primary healthcare systems through innovative models of care:the impact of direct access physiotherapy for musculoskeletal conditions—an interrupted time series analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第3期12卷 1-12页

作者： james Henry Zouch Bjørnar Berg Are Hugo Pripp Kjersti Storheim Claire e Ashton-james Manuela L Ferreira Margreth Grotle Paulo H Ferreira Sydney Musculoskeletal Health Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health SciencesOsloNorway Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health Sciences OsloNorway Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and epidemiology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health SciencesOsloNorway Department of Research and Innovation Oslo University Hospital Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOsloNorway Sydney Medical School Kolling InstituteThe University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute for Global Health SydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Research and Innovation Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Department of Rehabilitation and Technology Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health SciencesOsloNorway Charles Perkins Centre Sydney Musculoskeletal HealthThe University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Objectives To evaluate the longitudinal impact of introducing a national,direct access physiotherapy model of care on the rates of primary and secondary care consultations for musculoskeletal(MSK)*** Interrupted time series analysis using segmented linear *** Norway primary care Participants A cohort of 82072 participants was derived from 3 population-based health surveys conducted across separate geographical regions in *** participants surveyed were eligible for inclusion as a national representative sample of the Norwegian *** MSK consultations were linked to the Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursement database and the Norwegian Patient Register using the International Classification of Primary Care diagnostic medical codes L-chapter for MSK conditions and spine related International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,*** Direct access to physiotherapy model of care introduced nationally in Norway in *** model allowed Norwegians to consult directly with qualified physiotherapists for MSK conditions(eg,back pain,knee osteoarthritis)without the need for a medical referral in order to claim a social security *** outcomes measured Rates of primary care consultations per 10000 population(general practitioner(GP)and physiotherapist consultations)and secondary care(specialist consultations and surgical procedures)measured from 2014 to *** The introduction of the direct access physiotherapy model was associated with an immediate stepped reduction of 391 general practice consultations per 10000 population,(95%CI:−564 to−216),without an associated change in physiotherapy *** analyses suggested there was an associated reduction in physiotherapy consultations for those in the lowest education group of 150 consultations per quarter(95%CI:−203 to−97),70 consultations per quarter in the intermediate education group(95%CI:−115 to−27)and a step

关键词： impact analysis strain

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Lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the blood-brain barrier

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9126-9134页

作者： Yanina Kuzminich Avraham Shakked Randi Calkins Sebastian Rudden Camille Jones Jessie Doan Bora Jang elisa Schrader echeverri Ryan Zenhausern Liming Lian David Loughrey Hannah e.Peck Rachelle Wiese Dorothy Koveal Philip J.Santangelo james e.Dahlman George C.Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have delivered RNA to hepatocytes in patients after intravenous *** clinical data support efforts to design LNPs that transfect cells in the central nervous system(CNS).However,delivery to the CNS has been difficult,in large part because quantifying on-target delivery alongside common off-target cell types in adult mice remains *** we report methods to isolate different cell types from the CNS,and subsequently present mRNA delivery readouts using a liver-detargeted *** data suggest that LNPs without targeting ligands can transfect cerebral endothelial cells in mice after intravenous *** the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier,they also underscore the value of quantifying delivery in the CNS with cell-type resolution instead of whole-tissue resolution.

关键词： lipid nanoparticle mRNA nanomedicine central nervous system blood-brain barrier

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Three-dimensional light structure of an upland Quercus stand post-tornado disturbance

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 141-153页

作者： Kevin G.Willson Lauren e.cox Justin L.Hart Daniel C.Dey Department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of environmental Science Policyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceColumbiaMO 65211USA

Light is the most common limiting factor in forest plant communities,influencing species composition,stand structure,and stand productivity in closed canopy *** vertical light structure is relatively simple under a closed canopy because most light is captured by overstory ***,wind disturbance events create canopy openings from local to landscape scales that increase understory light intensity and vertical light structural *** studied the effects of an eF-1 tornado on horizontal and vertical(***-dimensional)light structure within a Quercus stand to determine how light structure changed with increasing disturbance *** used a two-tiered method to collect photosynthetic photon flux density at 4.67 m and 1.37 m above the forest floor to construct three-dimensional light structure across a canopy disturbance severity gradient to see if light intensity varied with increasing tornado *** indicate that increased canopy disturbance closer to the tornado track increased light penetration and light structure heterogeneity at lower forest *** light intensity correlated with increased sapling density that was more randomly distributed across the plot and had shifted light capture higher in the stand *** penetration through the overstory was most strongly correlated with decreased stem density in the two most important tree species(based on relative dominance and relative density)in the stand,Quercus alba L.(r=-0.31)and Ostrya virginiana(Mill.)***(r=-0.27,ped that understory light penetration was most affected by these two *** managers are increasingly interested in patterning silvicultural entries on natural disturbances,they must understand residual stand and light structures that occur after natural disturbance *** providing spatial light data that quantifies light structure post-disturbance,managers can use these results to improve planning required for long-term man

关键词： Photosynthetic photon flux density Midstory Blowdown Heterogeneity

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