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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an dUO james L.d.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

Functionalization of cellulose carbon dots with different elements(N,B and S)for mercury ion detection and anti-counterfeit applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 355-359页

作者： Xiaoning Li Quanyu Shi Meng Li Ningxin Song Yumeng Xiao Huining Xiao Tony d.james Lei Feng Second Affiliated Hospital of dalian Medical University Dalian 116023China Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China department of Chemical Engineering and Limerick Pulp&Paper Centre University of New Brunswick15 Dineen DriveFredericton NB E3B 5A3Canada department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China

Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),as one of the most toxic heavy metal ions,accumulates easily in the environment,which can generate potential hazards to the ecosystem and human *** effectively detect and remove Hg^(2+),we fabricated four types of carbon dots(Cds)using carboxymethyl nanocellulose as a carbon source doped with different elements using a hydrothermal *** the Cds exhibited a strong fluorescence emission,excitation-dependent emission and possessed good water ***,the four fluorescent Cds were used for Hg^(2+)recognition in aqueous solution,where the Cds-N exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for Hg^(2+)detection,with a low limit of detection of 8.29×10^(-6)mol/*** was determined that the fluorescence quenching could be ascribed to a photoinduced charge-transfer processes between Hg^(2+)and the *** addition,the Cds-N were used as a smart invisible ink for anticounterfeiting,information encryption and ***,the Cds-N were immersed into a cellulose(CMC)-based hydrogel network to prepare fluorescent hydrogels capable of simultaneously detecting and adsorbing Hg^(2+).We anticipate that this research will open possibilities for a green method to synthesize fluorescent Cds for metal ion detection and fluorescent ink production.

关键词： Carbon dots Functional groups Hg^(2+)detection Mechanism Anti-counterfeiting

Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia d.F.Rocha department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang james Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu dongtao Liu Aobo Ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad Stolojan Trystan Watson Samuel d.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK SPECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

A Cover-Independent deep Image Hiding Method Based on domain Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3001-3019页

作者： Nannan Wu Xianyi Chen james Msughter Adeke Junjie Zhao School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Recently,deep image-hiding techniques have attracted considerable attention in covert communication and high-capacity information ***,these approaches have some *** example,a cover image lacks self-adaptability,information leakage,or weak *** address these issues,this study proposes a universal and adaptable image-hiding ***,a domain attention mechanism is designed by combining the Atrous convolution,which makes better use of the relationship between the secret image domain and the cover image ***,to improve perceived human similarity,perceptual loss is incorporated into the training *** experimental results are promising,with the proposed method achieving an average pixel discrepancy(APd)of 1.83 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 40.72 dB between the cover and stego images,indicative of its high-quality ***,the structural similarity index measure(SSIM)reaches 0.985 while the learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)remarkably registers at ***,self-testing and cross-experiments demonstrate the model’s adaptability and generalization in unknown hidden spaces,making it suitable for diverse computer vision tasks.

关键词： deep image hiding attention mechanism privacy protection data security visual quality

Exposure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** responses

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： Suzanne C.Ball james P.Meador C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA dept.of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Wastewater treatment plants release complex mixtures of chemicals into the aquatic environment as wastewater effluent(WWE);however,the effects of these mixtures are still poorly *** salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)are a culturally important species in the Pacific Northwest and are a vital food resource for southern resident killer whales(Orcinus orca)that are listed as‘critically endangered’under the *** Species Act(ESA).Chinook populations have declined drastically in this region and have failed to show significant recovery despite regional-to-federal efforts,resulting in many populations being listed as threatened under the *** source of stress to juvenile Chinook is chemical pollution from WWE during their outmigration along river corridors and residency in *** this study,we investigated effects of WWE on juvenile Chinook health in a ten-day exposure to dilutions of WWE from 0.1%to 20%.At the end of the exposure,we measured endpoints associated with endocrine disruption,brain function,osmoregulation,stress,and *** to WWE significantly(α=0.1 for all analyses)induced vitellogenesis,indicating endocrine system *** saw significant reductions in plasma glucose,an indication of stress,and brain Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)activity,an enzyme essential for neuronal ***,metabolism was affected as evidenced by altered total protein,cholesterol,and albumin in plasma,a drastic decrease in whole body lipid content,and a significant increase in visible liver *** compared contaminant concentrations in exposure water with effects concentrations from the literature for chemicals known to induce vitellogenin or inhibit brain *** most contaminants,concentrations in exposure waters were several orders of magnitude below effects concentrations in the *** exception was estrogenic hormones,which were detected at similar concentrations in this study compared to concentrations in other studies tha

关键词： Wastewater effluent Chinook salmon Toxicity Sodium potassium ATPase Vitellogenin Physiology Metabolism Glucose

Exposure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** profiling

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 367-377页

作者： james P.Meador Suzanne C.Ball C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre dept.of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on juvenile Chinook salmon exposed for 10 days to wastewater effluent(WWE)from a large urban treatment *** included five dilutions of WWE(20%,5.3%,1.4%,0.4%,and 0.1%)and a control with 7 replicates per *** was extracted from fish and analyzed via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS)for 361 endogenous metabolites,of which 185 were ***-versus-treatment comparisons identified several metabolites that were associated with altered biochemical pathways observed for all treatments,including several that are important for energy generation and *** altered pathways are crucial for fish health and may be an early indicator of potential adverse effects on growth,reproduction,behavior,and immune *** ocean-type Chinook salmon spend several days to weeks in the nearshore estuary where they may encounter high concentrations of WWE *** are exposed to a wide range of potent pharmaceuticals,personal care products,and industrial compounds from WWE that have the potential to affect physiological homeostasis and disrupt their normal life cycle.

关键词： Wastewater effluent Metabolomics Physiology Chinook salmon Pharmaceuticals Metabolic pathways Estuary

Boosting Adversarial Training with Learnable distribution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei Wang james Msughter Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei dai School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center for Applied Mathematics Nanjing211135China

In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of deep neural *** training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial ***,the difference in the feature space between natural and adversarial examples hinders the accuracy and robustness of the model in adversarial *** paper proposes a learnable distribution adversarial training method,aiming to construct the same distribution for training data utilizing the Gaussian mixture *** distribution centroid is built to classify samples and constrain the distribution of the sample *** natural and adversarial examples are pushed to the same distribution centroid to improve the accuracy and robustness of the *** proposed method generates adversarial examples to close the distribution gap between the natural and adversarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly designed for adversarial *** algorithm gradually increases the accuracy and robustness of the model by scaling ***,the proposed method outputs the predicted labels and the distance between the sample and the distribution *** distribution characteristics of the samples can be utilized to detect adversarial cases that can potentially evade the model *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments.

关键词： Adversarial training feature space learnable distribution distribution centroid

Synthesis of carbon nitride in potassium hydroxide molten salt for efficient uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 89-99页

作者： Shuang Liu Junhan Luo daniel-james Maguire Liyuan Zheng Zhe Wang Yuexiang Lu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Nuclear Research Institute for Future Technology and Policy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Photocatalysis-assisted removal of uranium has been proven as an effective method for the elimination of radioactive pollution from *** this work,carbon nitride materials were synthesized in potassium hydroxide(KOH)molten salt and applied to photocatalytic uranyl *** materials were confirmed to possess the triazine-s-heptazine structure by NMR,XPS and UV-Vis characterization,and exhibited a wider visible light absorption than graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).The photocatalytic activity of the carbon nitride materials was tailored by varying the precursor mass *** carbon nitride obtained at 80%melamine as precursor(K-CN-80)exhibited the highest photocatalytic extraction ability and its photocatalytic reaction rate is 6.6 times faster than that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The influence of sacrificial agents was studied and the results showed that triethanolamine inhibited U(Ⅵ)photoreduction,but methanol can accelerate U(Ⅵ)photoreduction by consuming photogenerated *** unary KOH molten salt synthesis method has exceptional potential applications in the preparation of carbon nitrides,and the obtained products showed potential in extracting U(Ⅵ)from aqueous solutions for use in nuclear fuel industry and for U(Ⅵ)environmental pollution cleanup.

关键词： Uranium Carbon nitride Molten salt Photocatalysis Radioactive wastewater