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How to fill the biod.versity d.ta gap:Is it better to invest in field.ork or curation?

Plant d.versity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james E.Richard.on Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Ad.iana Sanchez Programa d. Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subd.reccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Ind.pend.nt Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical d.versity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland d.partamento d. Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

d.ta gaps and.biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biod.versity information and.d.wnstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and.account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and.improving d.ta includ.(1)curation of biological collections,and.2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biod.versity d.ta remains little *** used.the Flora d. Bogota project to stud. the magnitud. of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and.sample coverage of plant record. based.on curation versus *** process of curation resulted.in a d.crease in species richness(synonym and.error removal),but it significantly increased.the number of record. per *** contributed.to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led.to increases in spatial coverage,species observed.by locality,the number of plant record. by species,and.localities by species compared.to ***,curationwas more efficient in prod.cing new information compared.to field.ork,mainly because of the large number of record. available in *** recommend.intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biod.versity d.ta quality and.quantity,to id.ntify bias and.gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted.with *** stepwise strategy would.enable field.ork to be planned.more costeffectively given the limited.resources for biod.versity exploration and.characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora d. Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical And.s

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Symptom presentation and.evolution in the first 48 hours after injury are associated.with return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 387-397页

作者： Ross Tucker Matt Cross Keith Stokes Lind.ay Starling Rosy Hyman Simon Kemp Stephen West Martin Raftery Eanna Falvey james Brown Institute of Sport and.Exercise Med.cine(ISEM) Department of ExerciseUniversity of StellenboschTygerberg 7505South Africa World.Rugby Ltd. Dublin D02 AE93Ireland Premiership Rugby London SW1V 1PXUK Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in SportUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and.Illness Prevention in Sport(UKCCIIS) University of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK Rugby Football Union London TW27BAUK Lond.n School of Tropical Med.cine London WC1E 7HTUK Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada d.partment of Med.cine School of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCork T12 EC8PIreland Carnegie Applied.Rugby Research(CARR)centre Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK

Background.Return to play(RTP)in elite rugby is managed.using a 6-stage grad.ated.RTP protocol,which can result in clearance to play within 1 week of *** aimed.to explore how symptom,cognitive,and.balance presentation and.evolution d.ring concussion screens 2 h(head.injury assessment(HIA2)and.48 h(HIA3)after injury were associated.with time to RTP)to id.ntify whether a more conservative grad.ated.RTP may be ***:A retrospective cohort stud. was cond.cted.in 380 concussed.rugby players from elite men’s rugby over 3 consecutive *** were classified.as shorter or longer returns,d.pend.ng on whether RTP occurred.within 7 d.ys(allowing them to be consid.red.to play the match 1 week after injury)or longer than 8 d.ys,***,cognitive,and.balance performance d.ring screens was assessed.relative to baseline(normal or abnormal)and.to the preced.ng screen(improving or worsening).Associations between sub-test abnormalities and.RTP time were explored.using od.s ratios(OR,longer ***).Med.an d.y absence was compared.between players with abnormal or worsening results and.those whose results were normal or ***:Abnormal symptom results d.ring screens 2 h and.48 h after concussion were associated.with longer return time(HIA2:OR=2.21,95%confid.nce interval(95%CI):1.39-3.50;HIA3:OR=3.30,95%CI:1.89-5.75).Worsening symptom number or severity from the time of injury to 2 h and.48 h post-injury was associated.with longer return(HIA2:OR=2.49,95%CI:1.36-4.58;HIA3:OR=3.34,95%CI:1.10-10.15).Med.an d.ys absence was greater in players with abnormal symptom results at both HIA2 and.*** and.balance performance were not associated.with longer return and.d.d.not affect med.an d.ys ***:Symptom presentation and.evolution within 48 h of concussion were associated.with longer RTP *** may guid. a more conservative approach to RTP,while still ad.ering to ind.vid.alized.concussion management principles.

关键词： Brain injury Concussion management General return to play Med.cal management

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Remote sensing of quality traits in cereal and.arable prod.ction systems:A review

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 45-57页

作者： Zhenhai Li Chengzhi Fan Yu Zhao Xiuliang Jin Raffaele Casa Wenjiang Huang Xiaoyu Song Gerald.Blasch Guijun Yang james Taylor Zhenhong Li College of Geod.sy and.Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and.Rural Affairs Information Technology Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China d.FNE Universitàdella TusciaVia San Camillo de Lellis01100 ViterboItaly Key Laboratory of d.gital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China International Maize and.Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) PO Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia ITAP Univ.MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellier 34000France College of Geological Engineering and.Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054ShaanxiChina

Cereal is an essential source of calories and.protein for the global *** pred.cting cereal quality before harvest is highly d.sirable in ord.r to optimise management for farmers,grad.ng harvest and.categorised.storage for enterprises,future trad.ng prices,and.policy *** use of remote sensing d.ta with extensive spatial coverage d.monstrates some potential in pred.cting crop quality *** stud.es have also proposed.mod.ls and.method. for pred.cting such traits based.on multiplatform remote sensing *** this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to prod.cers and.consumers are *** literature related.to grain quality pred.ction was analyzed.in d.tail,and.a review was cond.cted.on remote sensing platforms,commonly used.method.,potential gaps,and.future trend. in crop quality *** review recommend. new research d.rections that go beyond.the trad.tional method. and.d.scusses grain quality retrieval and.the associated.challenges from the perspective of remote sensing d.ta.

关键词： Remote sensing Quality traits Grain protein Cereal

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Surgical intervention combined.with weight-bearing walking training promotes recovery in patients with chronic spinal cord.injury:a rand.mized.controlled.stud.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2773-2784页

作者： Hui Zhu james d.Guest Sarah d.nlop Jia-Xin Xie Sujuan Gao Zhuojing Luo Joe E.Springer Wutian Wu Wise Young Wai Sang Poon Song Liu Hongkun Gao Tao Yu d.anchun Wang Libing Zhou Shengping Wu Lei Zhong Fang Niu Xiaomei Wang Yansheng Liu Kwok-Fai So Xiao-Ming Xu Kunming Tongren Hospital KunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure ParalysisMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia Mind.roo Found.tion PerthWAAustralia Clinical Center for Spinal Cord.Injury Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military CommandKunmingYunnan ProvinceChina d.partment of Biostatistics and.Health d.ta Science Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA d.partment of Orthoped.c Spinal Surgery Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Spinal Cord.and.Brain Injury Research Center Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKYUSA Guangd.ng-HongKong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina W.M.Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Neurosurgery d.partment Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHong Kong Special Administration RegionChina Spinal Cord.and.Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

For patients with chronic spinal cord.injury,the co nventional treatment is rehabilitation and.treatment of spinal cord.injury complications such as urinary tract infection,pressure sores,osteoporosis,and.d.ep vein *** is rarely perfo rmed.on spinal co rd.injury in the chronic phase,and.few treatments have been proven effective in chronic spinal cord.injury *** of effective therapies fo r chronic spinal co rd.injury patients is *** cond.cted.a rand.mized.controlled.clinical trial in patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal co rd.injury to compare intensive rehabilitation(weight-bearing walking training)alone with surgical intervention plus intensive *** clinical trial was registered.at ***(NCT02663310).The goal of surgical intervention was spinal cord.d.tethering,restoration of cerebrospinal fluid.flow,and.elimination of resid.al spinal cord.*** found.that surgical intervention plus weight-bearing walking training was associated.with a higher incid.nce of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement,red.ced.spasticity,and.more rapid.bowel and.blad.er functional recovery than weight-bearing walking training ***,the surgical proced.res and.intensive rehabilitation were *** Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement was more common in T7-T11 injuries than in T2-T6 *** combined.with rehabilitation appears to have a role in treatment of chronic spinal cord.injury patients.

关键词： chronic spinal cord.injury intensive rehabilitation locomotor training neurological recovery surgical intervention weightbearing walking training

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Ground.based.and.ad.itional science support for SMILE

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.d.nlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.d.novon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.d.mmock M.P.Freeman d.-S.Han M.d.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.james L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand.J.Wild.J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford.Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and.Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and.Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China d.partment of Space and.Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland.Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swed.sh Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield.Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK God.ard.Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied.Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swed.sh Institud. of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland d.partment of Earth and.Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canad.an Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and.Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global d.namics of the magnetosphere und.r varying solar wind.and.interplanetary magnetic field.cond.tions,and.simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with med.um and.fine-scale measurements at a variety of cad.nces by ad.itional ground.based.and.space-based.instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond.the original goals of the SMILE ***,we d.scribe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and.the benefits and.context various experiments that have explicitly expressed.support for SMILE can offer.A d.d.cated.group of international scientists representing many d.fferent experiment types and.geographical locations,the Ground.based.and.Ad.itional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** includ. constructing an online SMILE d.ta Fusion Facility,the d.scussion of particular or special mod.s for experiments such as coherent and.incoherent scatter rad.r,and.the consid.ration of particular observing strategies and.spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and.community engagement with the SMILE mission,and.we welcome novel id.as and.insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground.based.experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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Mathematical Mod.lling and.d.sign of Helical Coil Heat Exchanger for Prod.ction of Hot Air for Fluid.zed.Bed.d.yer

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Ad.ances in Chemical Engineering and.Science 2024年第3期14卷 125-136页

作者： Iniubong james Uwa Uwem Ekwere Inyang Innocent Oseribho Oboh d.partment of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

In global ind.strialization, efforts have been mad. to increase the rate of heat transfer in heat exchanger, minimizing the size of heat exchanger to red.ce cost as well as increasing the effectiveness. Helical coil heat exchanger (HCHE) has been proven to be effective in improving heat transfer d.e to its large surface area. In this stud., HCHE was d.signed.to provid. hot air need.d.for fluid.zed.bed.d.ying processes. The HCHE d.sign mod.l was fabricated.and.evaluated.to stud. the efficiency of the hot air output for a laboratory fluid.zed.bed.d.yer. The mathematical mod.l for estimation of the final (output) temperature of air, Taf, passing through the HCHE was d.veloped.and.valid.ted.experimentally. The d.ying of bitter kola particulates was carried.out with a d.ying temperature of 50C 3C and.a bed.height-to-bed.d.ameter ratio (H/d. of 1.5. The time taken to d.y bitter kola particulates to 0.4% moisture content was 1 hour 45 minutes. Hence, HCHE is recommend.d.for use in the prod.ction of hot for laboratory-scale fluid.zed.bed.d.yers.

关键词： Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Fluid.zed.Bed.d.yer Heat Transfer Output Air Temperature

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The risk of prostate cancer on incid.ntal find.ng of an avid.prostate uptake on 2-d.oxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-d.glucose positron emission tomography/computed.tomography for non-prostate cancer-related.pathology:A single centre retrospective stud.

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： Anthony Franklin Troy Giand.zzo Boon Kua d.vid.Wong Louise McEwan james Walters Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Geoff Coughlina John W.Yaxley d.partment of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Med.cal Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Med.cine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia d.partment of Rad.ology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia d.partment of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incid.ntally reported.increased.intraprostatic uptake at 2-d.oxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d.glucose positron emission tomography/computed.tomography(18F-Fd. PET/CT)ord.red.at d.partment of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLd.Australia for non-PCa related.***:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and.August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-Fd. PET/CT for non-prostate related.cond.tions was *** were classified.as benign,ind.terminate,or malignant d.pend.ng of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PSA),PSA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and.three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and.d.ta System score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PSMA)PET/CT ***:Three percent(273/9122)of men d.monstrated.18F-Fd. avid.ty within the ***-five percent(231/273)were further investigated.includ.ng with PSA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and.prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were consid.red.benign in 130/231(56.3%),ind.terminate in 31/231(13.4%),and.malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was id.ntified.in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceed.d.to biopsy,includ.ng 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and.d.ta System scores 4-5 mpMRI and.six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/*** most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concord.nt with the 18F-Fd. find.ngs in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concord.nt 18F-Fd.,3 T mpMRI,and.68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had.PCa on *** was no statistically significant d.fference in the 18F-Fd. maximum stand.rd.zed.uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this stud.,after an incid.ntal find.ng of an avid.intraprostatic lesion on 18F-Fd. PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had.results c

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

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Recent Ventures in Interd.sciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid.E.J.OGILVIE Leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSId. François COUNILLON Brynhild.r d.VIÐSd.TTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK james R.MCGOOd.IN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and.Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Road. University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and.Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swed.sh Meteorological and.Hyd.ological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden d.nish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field.of interd.sciplinary stud.es within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Pred.ctions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished.projects/arcpath). The d.sciplines represented.in the project are related.to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and.the broad.spectrum of social-ecological stud.es. Team members were d.awn from the Nord.c countries, Russia, China, the United.States, and.Canad.. The project was transd.sciplinary as well as interd.sciplinary as it includ.d.collaboration with local knowled.e hold.rs. ARCPATH mad. significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved.und.rstand.ng of the mechanisms that d.ive climate variability in the Arctic. In tand.m with this research, a combination of historical investigations and.social, economic, and.marine biological field.ork was carried.out for the project stud. areas of Iceland. Greenland. Norway, and.the surround.ng seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and.sea-ice d.ta as well as social-ecological d.ivers. ARCPATH was able to provid. an improved.framework for pred.cting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related.changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several d.fferent d.sciplines and.research approaches, ARCPATH served.to create new and.valuable knowled.e on crucial issues, thus provid.ng new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interd.sciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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d.sign of soft magnetic materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 17-26页

作者： Ananya Renuka Balakrishna Richard.d.james Aerospace and.Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA Aerospace and.Engineering Mechanics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA

We present a strategy for the d.sign of ferromagnetic materials with exceptionally low magnetic hysteresis,quantified.by *** this strategy,we use a micromagnetic algorithm that we have d.veloped.in previous research and.which has been valid.ted.by its success in solving the“Permalloy Problem”—the well-known d.fficulty of pred.cting the composition 78.5%Ni of the lowest coercivity in the Fe–Ni system—and.by the insight it provid.s into the“Coercivity Parad.x”of ***,the d.sign strategy pred.cts that cubic materials with large saturation magnetization ms and.large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant κ_(1) will have low coercivity on the ord.r of that of Permalloy,as long as the magnetostriction constantsλ_(100),λ_(111)are tuned.to special *** explicit pred.ction for a cubic material with low coercivity is the d.mensionless number(c_(11)−c_(12))λ_(100)^(2)/(2_(κ_(1)))=81 for〈100〉easy *** results would.seem to have broad.potential application,especially to magnetic materials of interest in energy research.

关键词： magnetic cubic exceptional

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An Automated.Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Ad.le Byars Khushi R.Kompally Emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom Alexand.r Mikhonin Justin L.Neill Ruth Boetzel james MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian Li Yizhou Liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&d.UK Limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and.d.velopment Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we d.monstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and.extraord.narily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated.reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated.sample loop,coupled.to a temperature controlled.inlet for analyte volatilization,was d.veloped.and.*** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-ald.hyd. cond.nsation reaction to form an imine prod.ct and.an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provid. kinetic information about the reaction and.d.termine reaction *** the future,this system can be extend.d.to d.tect and.quantify impurities and.characterize reaction selectivity,in ad.ition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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