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The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： Emma-Louise COLE james J WAGGITT Anders HEDENSTROM Marco PIANO Mark D.HOLTON Luca bÖRGER Emily L.C.SHEPARD Department of biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK Department of biology Lund UniversityEcology BuildingSweden Centre for Applied Marine Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK

Animal-attached technologies can be powerful means to quantify space use and behavior;however,there are also ethical implications associated with capturing and instrumenting ***,tagging approaches are not necessarily well-suited for examining the movements of multiple individuals within specific,local areas of ***,we assess a method of quantifying animal space use based on a modified theodolite with an inbuilt laser *** a database of>4200 tracks of migrating birds,we show that detection distance in-creases with bird body mass(range 5 g to>10 kg).The maximum distance recorded to a bird was 5500 m and measurement error was≤5 m for targets within this distance range:a level comparable to methods such as GPS *** go on to present a case study where this method was used to assess habitat selection in seabirds operating in dynamic coastal waters close to a tidal *** positional data with outputs from a hydrographic model revealed that great cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo)appeared to be highly selective of current characteristics in space and time,exploiting areas where mean current speeds werebulent energy levels were *** birds also oriented into tidal currents during *** together,this suggests that collision risks are low for cormorants at this site,as the 2 conditions avoided by cormorants(high mean current speeds and turbulence levels)are associated with operational tidal ***-all,we suggest that this modified theodolite system is well-suited to the quantification of movement in small areas associated with particular development strategies,including sustainable energy devices.

关键词： GPS habitat use movement ecology seabird tidal turbine

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Optical parameters induced by phase transformation in RF magnetron sputtered TiO2 nanostructured thin films

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第3期24卷 218-225页

作者： Prabitha b.Nair V.b.Justinvictor Georgi P.Daniel K.Joy K.C.james Raju David Devraj Kumar P.V.Thomas Thin Film Lab Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College 2. School of Physics University of Hyderabad Central University P. O. 3. College of Education Florida Atlantic University

Pure TiO2 thin films were deposited onto quartz substrates using a ceramic TiO2 target at an elevated substrate temperature of 573 K by RF magnetron sputtering, and an analysis of structural, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of the films upon phase transformation is reported in this paper. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-deposited film was amorphous in nature. Thermal annealing for 2 h at 873 K in air resulted in the formation of anatase phase, and a phase transformation to rutile was observed at 1073 *** increase in grain size and an improvement in crystallinity were also observed on annealing. Rod- like rutile crystallites were observed in the SEM images of the film annealed at 1273 K. As-deposited films and films annealed up to 1073 K were highly transparent in the visible region with a transparency 480%. Optical band gap of the films decreased upon thermal annealing which is attributed to phase transformation from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile. Optical parameters such as refractive index, optical conductivity and optical dielectric constant increased with increase in annealing temperature. Since rutile is the optically active phase, the superior refractive index of the film annealed at 1073 K along with its high transparency in visible region suggests the application of this film in antireflective coatings. Photoluminescence emission of maximum intensity was observed for the film annealed at 873 K, which exhibits anatase phase. Intense blue emission observed in this film makes it suitable for use in optoelectronic display devices.

关键词： RF magnetron sputtering TiO2thin films Dislocation density Optical conductivity Photoluminescence

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Emergency Logistics Management for Hazardous Materials with Demand Uncertainty and Link Unavailability

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2023年第2期32卷 175-205页

作者： Ginger Y.Ke james H.bookbinder Faculty of business Administration Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNewfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X5Canada Department of Management Sciences University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada

Due to its harmful nature,any incident associated with hazardous material(hazmat)may cause tremendous impacts on the surrounding people and the *** on the incident involving this specific type of good,we develop a reliable and robust emergency logistics network that considers both demand uncertainty and possible unavailability of particular links.A time-based risk measure is carefully designed upon the traditional risk assessment to reflect the stakeholder’s sensitivity to risk over response *** disruption and uncertainty are modeled as two sets of scenarios which are integrated into a bi-objective robust model to evaluate the trade-offs between risk and *** effectiveness of the emergency response can be assured by expenditures that add extra capacities to certain links or establish additional facilities that aid recovery from *** apply our model and approach to a real-world network in Guangdong *** results reveal the necessity of embedding consideration of uncertainty and unreliability into emergency network design problems;outline the importance of hedging against unpredictability by system redundancies;and indicate the impact of stakeholder’s orientation towards cost and risk on the location,allocation,and routing decisions in hazmat emergency response.

关键词： Emergency response hazardous materials robust optimization link disruption emergency demand uncertainty

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Donor transmitted and de novo cancer after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6170-6179页

作者： Rajeev Desai james Neuberger NHS blood and Transplant Bristol B34 8RR United Kingdom

Cancers in solid organ recipients may be classified as donor transmitted,donor derived,de novo or *** risk of donor-transmitted cancer is very low and can be reduced by careful screening of the donor but cannot be abolished and,in the United Kingdom series is less than 0.03%.For donors with a known history of cancer,the risks will depend on the nature of the cancer,the interventions given and the interval between diagnosis and organ *** risks of cancer transmission must be balanced against the risks of death awaiting a new graft and strict adherence to current guidelines may result increased patient *** from selected patients,even with high-grade central nervous system(CNS)malignancy and after a shunt,can,in some circumstances,be *** potential donors with non-CNS cancers,whether organs may be safely used again depends on the nature of the cancer,the treatment and *** are scarce about the most appropriate treatment when donor transmitted cancer is diagnosed:sometimes substitution of agents and reduction of the immunosuppressive load may be adequate and the impact of graft removal should be considered but not always *** al-lograft recipients are at increased risk of some de novo cancers,especially those grafted for alcohol-related liver disease and hepatitis C virus *** risk of lymphoproliferative disease and cancers of the skin,upper airway and bowel are increased but not *** should be advised to avoid risk behavior and monitored appropriately.

关键词： Liver transplantation Cancer Donor transmitted cancer De novo cancer Immunosuppression

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Gas chromatographic method for the determination of hexaconazole residues in black tea

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b(biomedicine & biotechnology) 2008年第2期9卷 160-164页

作者： Chinnachamy KARTHIKA Paul james SACHIN United Planter's Association of South India (UPASI) Tea Research Foundation Tea Research Institute Nirar Dam Branch Post Office (BPO) Valparai 642127 Coimbatore District Tamil Nadu India

A highly reliable, quantitative and sensitive analytical method for determining the residues of the fungicide, hexaconazole in black tea is described. The proposed method is based on liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatographic determination, using nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) for the identification and quantitation of hexaconazole. The most appropriate solvent mixture for extracting hexaconazole residues from black tea was n-hexane:acetone at 1:1 (v/v). The extract was cleaned up by adsorption column chromatography using activated florisil. Performance of the method was assessed by evaluating quality parameters such as recovery value, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity and limits of detection and quantitation. When the method was assessed for repeatability, the percentage of recovery ranged between 86% and 96% while the relative standard deviation was between 0.30% and 2.35%. In studies on reproducibility the recovery ranged from 81% to 85% and relative standard deviation from 1.68% to 5.13%, implying that the method was reliable. A field trial was conducted to verify the application of this method with real samples. Results prove that the validated method was suitable for extracting hexaconazole residues.

关键词： Hexaconazole Residues black tea Florisil Gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GP-NPD)

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis severity is defined by a failure in compensatory antioxidant capacity in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第16期24卷 1748-1765页

作者： Michelle L boland Stephanie Oldham brandon b boland Sarah Will Jean-Martin Lapointe Silvia Guionaud Christopher J Rhodes james L Trevaskis Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases MedImmune LLC Pathology MedImmune Ltd. Pathology Drug Safety and MetabolismIMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca

AIM To comprehensively evaluate mitochondrial(dys) function in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS We utilized two readily available mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) with or without progressive fibrosis: Lep^(ob)/Lep^(ob)(ob/ob) and FATZO mice on high trans-fat, high fructose and high cholesterol(AMLN) diet. Presence of NASH was assessed using immunohistochemical and pathological techniques, and gene expression profiling. Morphological features of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and function was assessed by measuring oxidative capacity in primary hepatocytes, and respiratory control and proton leak in isolated mitochondria. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing activity and/or expression levels of Nrf1, Sod1, Sod2, catalase and 8-OHdG. RESULTS When challenged with AMLN diet for 12 wk, ob/ob and FATZO mice developed steatohepatitis in the presence of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. NASH development was associated with hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities, similar to those previously observed in humans, including mitochondrial accumulation and increased proton leak. AMLN diet also resulted in increased numbers of fragmented mitochondria in both strains of mice. Despite similar mitochondrial phenotypes, we found that ob/ob mice developed more advanced hepatic fibrosis. Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was increased in ob/ob AMLN mice, whereas FATZO mice displayed increased catalase activity, irrespective of diet. Furthermore, 8-OHd G, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was significantly increased in ob/ob AMLN mice compared to FATZO AMLN mice. Therefore, antioxidant capacity reflected as the ratio of catalase:SOD activity was similar between FATZO and C57 bL6 J control mice, but significantly perturbed in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress, and/or the capacity to compensate for increased oxidative stress, in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction, is

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Steatosis Fibrosis Mitochondrial function Oxidative stress

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Current recommendations of managing HbV infection in preconception or pregnancy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 158-165页

作者： james S. Park Calvin Pan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York 10016 USA

Hepatitis b remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis b during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis b to infants still occurs perinataily although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis b infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis b viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis b infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-tochild transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.

关键词： antiviral therapy Caesarean section cirrhosis hepatitis b irnmunoprophylaxis mother-to-child transmission pregnancy prevention

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A Plant Immune Receptor Degraded by Selective Autophagy

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Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 113-123页

作者： Fan Yang Athen N.Kimberlin Christian G.Elowsky Yunfeng Liu Ariadna Gonzalez-Solis Edgar b.Cahoon james R.Alfano Department of Plant Pathology University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0722USA Center for Plant Science Innovation University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0660USA Department of bioohemistry University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0664US Center for biotechnology University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0665USA present address:Department of biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMQ 65211USA Present address:College of Life Science and Technology University of GuangxiNanning 530004China

Plants recycle non-activated immune receptors to maintain a functional immune *** Arabidopsis immune receptor kinase FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2)recognizes bacterial ***,the molecular mechanisms by which non-activated FLS2 and other non-activated plant PRRs are recycled remain not well ***,we provide evidence showing thatArabidopsis orosomucoid (ORM)proteins,which have been known to be negative regulators of sphingoUpid biosynthesis,act as selective autophagy receptors to mediate the degradation of *** plants overexpressing ORM 1 or ORM2 have undetectable or greatly diminished FLS2 accumulation,nearly lack FLS2 signaling,and are more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas *** the other hand,ORM1/2 RNAi plants and orml or orrn2 mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing have increased FLS2 accumulation and enhanced FLS2 signaling,and are more resistant to *** proteins interact with FLS2 and the autophagy-related protein ***,overexpression of ORM1 or ORM2 in autophagydefective mutants showed FLS2 abundance that is comparable to that in wild-type ***, FLS2 levels were not decreased in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ORM1/2 derivatives that do not interact with *** together,these results suggest that selective autophagy functions in maintaining the homeostasis of a plant immune receptor and that beyond sphingolipid metabolic regulation ORM proteins can also act as selective autophagy receptors.

关键词： Plant immunity selective autophagy pattern recognition receptor selective autophagy receptors

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An Immersed Method based on Cut-Cells for the Simulation of 2D Incompressible Fluid Flows Past Solid Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第4期119卷 165-184页

作者： Francois bouchon Thierry Dubois Nicolas james Université Clermont Auvergne CNRSLMBPF-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications UMR 7348 Universitéde PoitiersTéléport 2-B.P.30179Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil CedexFrance

We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past *** consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller *** order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume *** scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving *** results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and *** example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.

关键词： Immersed boundary methods cutt-cell methods incompressible viscous flows

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Two-Way Interactions between Equatorially-Trapped Waves and the barotropic Flow

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2009年第5期30卷 539-568页

作者： james FERGUSON boualem KHOUIDER Maryam NAMAZI Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Victoria Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of VictoriaPO BOX 3045 STN CSC Victoria

Lateral energy exchange between the tropics and the midlatitudes is a topic of great importance for understanding Earth＇s climate system. In this paper, the authors address this issue in an idealized set up through simple shallow water models for the interactions between equatorially trapped waves and the barotropic mode, which supports Rossby waves that propagate poleward and can excite midlatitude teleconnection patterns. It is found here that the interactions between a Kelvin wave and a fixed meridionai shear （mimicking the jet stream） generates a non-trivial meridional velocity and meridional convergence in phase with the upward motion that can attain a maximum of about 50%, which oscillates on frequencies ranging from one day to 10 days. When, on the other hand, the barotropic flow is forced by slowly propagating Kelvin waves a complex flow pattern emerges; it consists of a phase-locked barotropic response that is equatoriaily trapped and that propagates eastward with the forcing Kelvin wave and a certain number of planetary Rossby waves that propagate westward and toward the poles as seen in nature. It is suggested here that the poleward propagating waves are to some sort of multi-way resonant interaction with the phase locked response. Moreover, it is shown here that a numerical scheme with dispersion properties that depend on the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation, namely the 2D central scheme of Nessyahu and Tadmor, can artificially alter significantly the topology of the wave fields and thus should be avoided in climate models.

关键词： Equatorially trapped waves Wave interactions Jet stream Rossby waves Phase locked Dispersion relation Central scheme Climate modeling

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