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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1998年第3期16卷 261-267页

作者： GUILLET james Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada

Polymers of 1- and 2-vinylnaphthalene containing more than about 50 mol% sulfonic acid groups dissolve in water to form 'hypercoiled' conformations which have many of the properties of micelles. hydrophobic molecules such as anthracene and perylene are selectively absorbed in these pseudo micellar structures, and their fluorescence emission is sensitized by energy transfer from the surrounding naphthalene chromophores. when irradiated with UV light in the presence of oxygen, the emission of perylene rapidly decreases. It is proposed that this is due to reaction of singlet oxygen with the perylene trapped in the hypercoiled polymer. (Author abstract) 3 Refs.

关键词： Sulfonated vinyl naphthalene polymers Transport of excitation energy Anthracene Perylene Tripping

Primary sclerosing cholangitis:A review and update

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Liver Research 2017年第4期1卷 221-230页

作者： james h.Tabibian Christopher L.Bowlus Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Olive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a rare,chronic,cholestatic liver disease of uncertain etiology characterized biochemically by cholestasis and histologically and cholangiographically by fibroobliterative inflammation of the bile *** a clinically significant proportion of patients,PSC progresses to cirrhosis,end-stage liver disease,and/or hepatobiliary cancer,though the disease course can be highly *** clinical trials of numerous pharmacotherapies over several decades,safe and effective medical therapy remains to be *** transplantation is an option for select patients with severe complications of PSC,and its outcomes are generally *** surveillance testing for pre-as well as post-transplant patients is a cornerstone of preventive care and health *** we provide an overview of PSC,including its epidemiology,etiopathogenesis,clinical features,associated disorders,surveillance,and emerging potential therapies.

关键词： Bile duct diseases Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) Cholestasis Cholangiocarcinoma Magnetic resonance imaging Cholangiography Natural history

Biliary endoscopy in the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its complications

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Liver Research 2019年第2期3卷 106-117页

作者： Brian M.Fung james h.Tabibian University of California Los Angeles-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program SylmarCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic,idiopathic,cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile *** can affect individuals of all age groups and gender,has no established pharmacotherapy,and is associated with a variety of neoplastic(***)and non-neoplastic(*** strictures)hepatobiliary *** these considerations,endoscopy plays a major role in the care of patients with *** this review,we discuss and provide updates regarding endoscopic considerations in the management of hepatobiliary manifestations and complications of *** evidence is limited,we suggest pragmatic approaches based on currently available data and expert opinion.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) Biliary tract disease Balloon dilation Cholangioscopy Dominant stricture Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)

Multiple radial phosphorus segregations in GaAsP core-shell nanowires

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 157-164页

作者： h.Aruni Fonseka Yunyan Zhang james A.Gott Richard Beanland huiyun Liu Ana M.Sanchez Department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

highly faceted geometries such as nanowires are prone toform self-formed features,especially those that are driven by *** these features is important in preventing their formation,understanding their effects on nanowire properties,or engineering them for *** elemental segregation lines that run along the radii of the hexagonal cross-section have been a common observation in alloy semiconductor ***,in GaAsP nanowires,two additional P rich bands are formed on either side of the primary band,resulting in a total of three segregation bands in the vicinity of three of the alternating *** bands are less intense than the primary band and their formation can be attributed to the inclined nanofacets that form in the vicinity of the *** formation of the secondary bands requires a higher composition of P in the shell,and to be grown under conditions that increase the diffusivity difference between As and ***,it is observed that the primary band can split into two narrow and parallel *** can take place in all six radii,making the cross sections to have up to a maximum of 18 radial segregation *** controlled growth,these features could be exploited to assemble multiple different quantum structures in a new dimension(circumferential direction)within nanowires.

关键词： compound semiconductor alloys radial segregations three-fold symmetry surface chemical potential

A retrospective cohort study to compare post-injury admissions for infectious diseases in burn patients, non-burn trauma patients and uninjured people

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第2期6卷 129-139页

作者： Janine M.Duke Sean M.Randall james h.Boyd Mark w.Fear Suzanne Rea Fiona M.wood Burn Injury Research Unit Faculty Health and Medical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia Centre for Data Linkage Curtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia Burns Service of western Australia Fiona Stanley Hospital and Princess Margaret HospitalPerthWAAustralia.

Background: Injury triggers a range of systemic effects including inflammation and immune responses. This study aimed to compare infectious disease admissions after burn and other types of injury using linked hospital admissions data. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study using linked health data of all patients admitted with burns in western Australia (n = 30,997), 1980–2012, and age and gender frequency matched cohorts of people with non-burn trauma (n = 28,647) and no injury admissions (n = 123,399). Analyses included direct standardisation, negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Annual age-standardised infectious disease admission rates were highest for the burn cohort, followed by the non-burn trauma and uninjured cohorts. Age-standardised admission rates by decade showed different patterns across major categories of infectious diseases, with the lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections the most common for those with burns and other open trauma. Compared with the uninjured, those with burns had twice the admission rate for infectious disease after discharge (incident rate ratio (IRR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04, 1.98–2.11) while non-burn trauma experienced 1.74 times higher rates (95%CI: 1.68–1.81). The burn cohort experienced 10% higher rates of first-time admissions after discharge when compared with the non-burn trauma (hazard ratio (hR), 95%CI: 1.10, 1.05–1.15). Compared with the uninjured cohort, incident admissions were highest during the first 30 days after discharge for burns (hR, 95%CI: 5.18, 4.15–6.48) and non-burn trauma (hR, 95%CI: 5.06, 4.03–6.34). while incident rates remained high over the study period, the magnitude decreased with increasing time from discharge: burn vs uninjured: hR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.69, 1.53–1.87;1 to 10 years: 1.40, 1.33–1.47;10 years to end of study period: 1.16, 1.08–1.24;non-burn trauma vs uninjured: hR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.71, 1.55–1.90;

关键词： Burn Non-burn trauma No injury Infectious diseases Cohort Population-based

Tree Population Dynamics of Three Altitudinal Vegetation Communities on Mount Cameroon(1989-2004)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 495-504页

作者： Philip F.FORBOSEh Terry C.h.SUNDERLAND james A.COMISKEY Michael BALINGA Plan Cameroon P O Box 25236 MessaYaoundéCameroon Centre for International Forestry Research(CIFOR) Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service120 Chatham Lane Smithsonian Institution S.Dillon Ripley Center1100 JeffersonDrive SW Washington DC 20560USA Center for International Forestry Research(CIFOR)

Changes in permanent sample plots in the lowland,submontane and montane forests on Mount Cameroon(4,095 m above sea level),an active volcano,are described for 15 years from 1989 to *** the study period,the stocking level of trees with a diameter at breast height(DBh) ≥ 10 cm in the three forests were lower than in pan-tropical stands suggesting a significant impact of volcanic and human-related activities on the vegetation communities on the *** mortality rates in the submontane and montane forests were consistent with those reported for comparable altitudinal ranges in the Blue Mountains of *** annual mortality rate was higher in the lowland forest than other lowland sites *** between recruitment and mortality rates was large suggesting that the three vegetation communities have not reached their *** seven-year difference in half-life of large trees(with a DBh ≥ 50 cm) in the submontane and montane forests suggests an altitudinal effect on turnover of larger trees that in turn contributes to the frequent small stature of high altitude *** was little evidence of an altitudinal effect on species turnover and growth *** finding supports generalizations about the zero effect of growth on the stature of high altitude *** forest dynamics is crucially important in the management of tropical montane environmentsand in this instance particularly so given the recent creation of the Mount Cameroon National Park.

关键词： Growth rates Recruitment Mortality Altitude half-life Mount Cameroon

Control of Rhyzopertha dominica in stored rough rice through a combination of diatomaceous earth and varietal resistance

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 455-460页

作者： Yaowaluk Chanbang Frank h. Arthur Gerald E. wilde james E. Throne Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center Manhattan KS USA Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Adults ofRhyzopertha dominica （F.）, the lesser grain borer, were exposed on four varieties of rough rice with Dobie indices of susceptibility of 1.1 to 1.1 （low）, and four varieties with Dobie indices of susceptibility of 3.4 to 3.8 （high）. The varieties with low and high Dobie indices were classified as resistant and susceptible, respectively, to R. dominica. The purpose of the study was to evaluate control of R. dominica through the use of diatomaceous earth （DE） in combination with rice varieties that were either susceptible or resistant to R. dominica. The rice was treated with varying rates of the commercial DE Insecto, up to a maximum of 1 000 mg DE/kg of rice. Adult mortality at each application rate of DE was generally greater on three of four resistant varieties compared to three of four susceptible varieties. Progeny production from the parental generation exposed on the rice was also greater in 3 of the 4 resistant varieties compared to 3 of the 4 susceptible varieties at DE rates of 500 mg/kg or more. Progeny production in rice treated with a maximum rate of 1 000 mg/kg DE ranged from 7-44 adults on the resistant varieties compared to 75-155 adults on the susceptible varieties. At DE rates of 500, 750, and 1 000 mg/kg, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels （IDK） was also greater in 3/4 resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. Results show combining the use of DE with varietal resistance of rough rice to R. dominica could be used to limit populations of this insect in stored rice and help prevent economic damage.

关键词： diatomaceous earth DE host plant resistance integrated control rice

On the electrical conductivity of alginate hydrogels

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2018年第5期5卷 293-301页

作者： Georgia Kaklamani Diana Kazaryan james Bowen Fabrice Iacovella Spiros h.Anastasiadis George Deligeorgis Institute of Electronic Structure&Laser Foundation for Research&Technology HellasP.O.Box 138571110 HeraklionCreteGreece School of Engineering and Innovation The Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK76AAUK Department of Chemistry University of CreteP.O.Box 220871003 HeraklionCreteGreece

hydrogels have been extensively used in the field of biomedical applications,offering customizable natural,synthetic or hybrid materials,particularly relevant in the field of tissue *** the bioelectronics discipline,hydrogels are promising mainly as sensing platforms with or without encapsulated cells,showing great potential in healthcare and ***,to date there is little data in the literature which characterizes the electrical properties of tissue engineering materials which are relevant to *** this work,we present electrical characterization of alginate hydrogels,a natural polysaccharide,using a four-probe method similar to electrical impedance *** acquired conductance data show distinct frequency-dependent features that change as a function of alginate and crosslinker concentration reflecting ion kinetics inside the measured ***,the presence of NIh 3T3 fibroblasts encapsulated in the hydrogels matrix was found to alter the artificial tissue’s electrical *** method used provides valuable insight to the frequency-dependent electrical response of the resulting *** is hoped that the outcome of this research will be of use in the development of cell/electronic interfaces,possibly toward diagnostic biosensors and therapeutic bioelectronics.

关键词： alginate bioelectronics conductivity hydrogel polysaccharide resistance fibroblasts

highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 236-241页

作者： Emily D Kosten Jackson h Atwater james Parsons Albert Polman harry A Atwater Thomas J.watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125 USA Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLFScience Park 1041098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted *** isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in ***,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single *** highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back *** with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear ***,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design.

关键词： detailed balance GaAs solar cell light trapping photovoltaics two photon lithography

Nanovectors for anti-cancer drug delivery in the treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第31期22卷 7080-7090页

作者： Chung-Tzu hsueh Julie h Selim james Y Tsai Chung-Tsen hsueh Department of Dentistry Cathay General Hospital Division of hematology/Oncology Loma Linda University Cancer Center School of Pharmacy Loma Linda University Division of Medical Oncology and hematology Department of Internal Medicine Loma Linda University

Liposome, albumin and polymer polyethylene glycol are nanovector formulations successfully developed for anti-cancer drug delivery. There are significant differences in pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity between pre- and post-nanovector modification. The alteration in clinical pharmacology is instrumental for the future development of nanovector-based anticancer therapeutics. we have reviewed the results of clinical studies and translational research in nanovectorbased anti-cancer therapeutics in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and nanoliposomal irinotecan. Furthermore, we have appraised the ongoing studies incorporating novel agents with nanomedicines in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Nanovector Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel Nanoliposomal irinotecan Biomarker