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Expanding indications for liver transplantation in the era of liver transplant oncology

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第5期13卷 392-405页

作者： Guergana Panayotova Keri E Lunsford Nyan L Latt Flavio Paterno james v guarrera Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of SurgeryRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103United States Center for Immunity and Inflammation Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory DiseasesRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103United States

Despite numerous advances and emerging data,liver transplantation in the setting of gastrointestinal malignancies remains controversial outside of certain accepted *** an era of persistent organ shortage and increasing organ demand,allocation of liver grafts must be considered *** hepatocellular carcinoma and hilar cholangiocarcinoma have become accepted indications for transplantation,tumor size and standardized multi-disciplinary treatment protocols are necessary to ensure optimal patient *** more studies seeking to expand the oncologic indications for liver transplantation are emerging,it is becoming increasingly clear that tumor biology and response to therapy are key factors for optimal oncologic *** addition,time from diagnosis to transplantation appears to correlate with survival,as stable disease over time portends better outcomes *** aggressive disease pre-transplant remains difficult with current imaging and tissue sampling *** tumor size and stage are important prognostic predictors for most malignancies,patient and tumor selection protocols are *** the fields of medical and surgical oncology continue to evolve,it is clear that a protocolized interdisciplinary treatment approach is necessary for combatting any cancer *** stability over time and response to neoadjuvant therapy may be the best predictors for successful patient outcomes and can be easily incorporated in our treatment *** data evaluating liver transplantation for expanded oncologic indications such as:expanded criteria hepatocellular carcinoma,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,mixed tumors,and liver limited metastatic colorectal carcinomas,incorporate multi-modal therapies and evaluation of tumor treatment *** further investigation is necessary,initial results suggest there is an expanded role for transplant surgery in malignancy in a new era of liver transplant oncolog

关键词： Liver transplantation Transplant oncology Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Colorectal metastases Mixed hepatocholangiocarcinoma

Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： vadakattu v.S.R.Gupta james M.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

How to fill the biodiversity data gap:Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james E.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include(1)curation of biological collections,and(2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little *** used the Flora de Bogota project to study the magnitude of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus *** process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but it significantly increased the number of records per *** contributed to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led to increases in spatial coverage,species observed by locality,the number of plant records by species,and localities by species compared to ***,curationwas more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork,mainly because of the large number of records available in *** recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity,to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with *** stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more costeffectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical Andes

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta Burak james Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam Bobby v Dasari Keith J Roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C Bartlett Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael james Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry Graham R Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCv)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with *** the 6 HCv genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCv-G3 in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCv-G3 in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCv genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCv genotype-3 in all settings,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCv genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

Symptom presentation and evolution in the first 48 hours after injury are associated with return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 387-397页

作者： Ross Tucker Matt Cross Keith Stokes Lindsay Starling Rosy Hyman Simon Kemp Stephen West Martin Raftery Eanna Falvey james Brown Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine(ISEM) Department of ExerciseUniversity of StellenboschTygerberg 7505South Africa World Rugby Ltd. Dublin D02 AE93Ireland Premiership Rugby London SW1V 1PXUK Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in SportUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport(UKCCIIS) University of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK Rugby Football Union London TW27BAUK London School of Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HTUK Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Medicine School of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCork T12 EC8PIreland Carnegie Applied Rugby Research(CARR)centre Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK

Background:Return to play(RTP)in elite rugby is managed using a 6-stage graduated RTP protocol,which can result in clearance to play within 1 week of *** aimed to explore how symptom,cognitive,and balance presentation and evolution during concussion screens 2 h(head injury assessment(HIA2)and 48 h(HIA3)after injury were associated with time to RTP)to identify whether a more conservative graduated RTP may be ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 380 concussed rugby players from elite men’s rugby over 3 consecutive *** were classified as shorter or longer returns,depending on whether RTP occurred within 7 days(allowing them to be considered to play the match 1 week after injury)or longer than 8 days,***,cognitive,and balance performance during screens was assessed relative to baseline(normal or abnormal)and to the preceding screen(improving or worsening).Associations between sub-test abnormalities and RTP time were explored using odds ratios(OR,longer ***).Median day absence was compared between players with abnormal or worsening results and those whose results were normal or ***:Abnormal symptom results during screens 2 h and 48 h after concussion were associated with longer return time(HIA2:OR=2.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.39-3.50;HIA3:OR=3.30,95%CI:1.89-5.75).Worsening symptom number or severity from the time of injury to 2 h and 48 h post-injury was associated with longer return(HIA2:OR=2.49,95%CI:1.36-4.58;HIA3:OR=3.34,95%CI:1.10-10.15).Median days absence was greater in players with abnormal symptom results at both HIA2 and *** and balance performance were not associated with longer return and did not affect median days ***:Symptom presentation and evolution within 48 h of concussion were associated with longer RTP *** may guide a more conservative approach to RTP,while still adhering to individualized concussion management principles.

关键词： Brain injury Concussion management General return to play Medical management

Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第02期7卷 244-252页

作者： Jing Zhang james Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu Dongtao Liu Aobo Ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li vlad Stolojan Trystan Watson Samuel D.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute (ATI) University of Surrey SPECIFIC College of Engineering Swansea University Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells（PSCs）. However, due to some technical difficulties（e.g., intricate fabrication protocols, hightemperature heating process, incompatible solvents, etc.）, it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***, we developed efficient inverted PSCs（IPSCs） based on solutionprocessed nickel oxide（NiOx） and tin oxide（SnO2） nanoparticles, working as hole and electron transport materials respectively, enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers. Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces, we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 23.5%（the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 ev）, which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport materials. Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties, ambient stability（retaining 95% of initial PCE after 1 month）, thermal stability（retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks） and light stability（retaining 90% of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging） of resultant devices are enhanced significantly. In addition, owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device, we have obtained a PCE of over 21% for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

A Case Report of Alloimmune Hepatitis after Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment in a Liver Transplant Patient

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第4期8卷 459-462页

作者： Catherine Choi Youssef Botros Jamil Shah Pei Xue Anja Jones Mark Galan Raquel Olivo Mumtaz Niazi Flavio Paterno james guarrera Nikolaos T.Pyrsopoulos Department of Internal Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA Division of Gastroenterology St.Joseph’s University Medical CenterPatersonNJUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology The Brooklyn Hospital CenterBrooklynNYUSA Rutgers New Jersey Medical School NewarkNJUSA Department of Pathology Immunology&Laboratory MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Department of MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA Division of Liver Transplantation&Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of SurgeryRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is often well-tolerated, and adverse events from DAA therapy are uncommon. We report a case of a woman who underwent orthotopic liver transplant for chronic hepatitis C infection and later devel-oped alloimmune hepatitis shortly after starting DAA therapy for recurrent hepatitis C infection. The patient developed acute alloimmune hepatitis approximately 2 weeks after starting treatment with sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilap-revir. This case report proposes a dysregulation of immune surveillance due to the DAA stimulation of host immunity and rapid elimination of hepatitis C viral load as a precipitating factor for the alloimmune process, leading to alloimmune hepatitis in a post-transplant patient who starts on DAA.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatitis C Liver transplant

A Spectral Time-Domain Method for Computational Electrodynamics

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第6期1卷 781-798页

作者： james v.Lambers Department of Mathematics University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS 39406-0001 USA

Ever since its introduction by Kane Yee over forty years ago,the finitedifference time-domain(FDTD)method has been a widely-used technique for solving the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations that has also inspired many other *** paper presents an alternative approach to these equations in the case of spatially-varying electric permittivity and/or magnetic permeability,based on Krylov subspace spectral(KSS)*** methods have previously been applied to the variable-coefficient heat equation and wave equation,and have demonstrated high-order accuracy,as well as stability characteristic of implicit timestepping schemes,even though KSS methods are *** methods for scalar equations compute each Fourier coefficient of the solution using techniques developed by Golub and Meurant for approximating elements of functions of matrices by Gaussian quadrature in the spectral,rather than physical,*** show how they can be generalized to coupled systems of equations,such as Maxwell’s equations,by choosing appropriate basis functions that,while induced by this coupling,still allow efficient and robust computation of the Fourier coefficients of each spatial component of the electric and magnetic *** also discuss the application of block KSS methods to problems involving non-self-adjoint spatial differential operators,which requires a generalization of the block Lanczos algorithm of Golub and Underwood to unsymmetric matrices.

关键词： Spectral methods Gaussian quadrature block Lanczos method Maxwell’s equations