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Regenerative engineering and bionic limbs

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Rare Metals 2015年第3期34卷 143-155页

作者： Roshan james Cato t.Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biological Physical and Engineering SciencesUniversity of Connecticut Health Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health Center Connecticut Institute for Clinical and translational Science Department of Chemical Materials and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut

Amputations of the upper extremity are severely debilitating, current treatments support very basic limb movement, and patients undergo extensive physiotherapy and psychological counseling. there is no prosthesis that allows the amputees near normal function. With increasing number of amputees due to injuries sustained in accidents, natural calamities, and international conflicts, there is a growing requirement for novel strategies and new discov- eries. Advances have been made in technological, material, and in prosthesis integration where researchers are now exploring artificial prosthesis that integrate with the residual tissues and function based on signal impulses received from the residual nerves. Efforts are focused on challenging experts in different disciplines to integrate ideas and tech- nologies to allow for the regeneration of injured tissues,recording on tissue signals and feedback to facilitate responsive movements and gradations of muscle force. A fully functional replacement and regenerative or integrated prosthesis will rely on interface of biological process with robotic systems to allow individual control of movement such as at the elbow, forearm, digits, and thumb in the upper extremity. Regenerative engineering focused on the regen- eration of complex tissue and organ systems will be realized by the cross-fertilization of advances over the past 30 years in the fields of tissue engineering, nanotechnology, stem cell science, and developmental biology. the convergence of toolboxes crated within each discipline will allow interdis- ciplinary teams from engineering, science, and medicine to realize new strategies, mergers of disparate technologies, such as biophysics, smart bionics, and the healing power of the mind. tackling the clinical challenges, interfacing the biological process with bionic technologies, engineering biological control of the electronic systems, and feedback will be the important goals in regenerative engineering over the next

关键词： Bionic Electrical stimulation Regenerativeengineering Muscle Nerve Prosthetic

Review of endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第19期14卷 2995-2999页

作者： Katherine Nguyen james t Sing Jr Scott & White Clinic Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract. Key factors in determining therapeutic options include knowledge of tumor extent, anatomy and obtaining tissue diagnosis. Endoscopically, there are three modalities available to make the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. these include endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration and cholangioscopy. Management of cholangiocarcinoma endoscopically is typically confined to stent placement for palliative purposes or as a bridge to surgery. In this article, we will review the endoscopic techniques available for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic cholangiopancreatography Cholangioscopy Diagnosis Hanagement

Do Uncommon Plant Phenolic Compounds Have Uncommon Properties?A Mini Review on Novel Flavonoids

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第4期6卷 279-291页

作者： james t.Carrillo Dulal Borthakur Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RoadAgricultural Sciences 218HonoluluHawaii 96822USA

Unique plants and their properties,once considered synonymous to medicine,remain a potent source for new compounds in modern *** polyphenols and natural products continue to be investigated for effective treatments for the most persistent of human *** this review,fifty novel plant phenolic compounds have been compiled and briefly described from the previous five *** compounds and notable plant species from genus Morinda and Sophora are further expanded *** medicine plants often contain rich and diverse mixtures of flavonoids,from which rare compounds should receive *** bioactivity of crude plant extracts,purified compounds and mixtures can differ greatly,requiring that these interactions and mechanisms of action be investigated in greater *** applications of uncommon natural products,namely mimosine and juglone,are explored within this *** 2019 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in abrupt spike of related scientific publications:speculation is made regarding plant natural products and future of antiviral drug discovery.

关键词： Medicinal plants Novel Antiviral Secondary metabolites

Does knowledge of physical activity recommendations increase physical activity among Chinese college students？ Empirical investigations based on the transtheoretical model

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 77-82页

作者： Kahar Abula Peter Gropel Kai Chen Jürgen beckmann technical University of Munich Munchen 80992 Germany South West Jiao tong University Chengdu 611756 China

Background: Based on the transtheoretical model, the current study investigated whether awareness of physical activity(PA) recommendations had an impact on the stages of PA behavior change and levels of PA among Chinese college ***: In Study 1, with a cross-sectional study design, 9826 students were recruited, and their knowledge of international PA recommendations,PA stage distribution, and self-reported PA level were surveyed. Pearson's χ2 test was used to test whether those participants who were aware and not aware of PA guidelines were equally distributed across the stages of PA behavior, and independent t test was conducted to test the group difference in the actual levels of PA. In Study 2, 279 students who were not aware of the PA recommendations were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group, and only those in the intervention group were presented with international PA guidelines. In both groups,students' PA stages and PA level were examined before the test and then 4 months post-test. Mc Nemar's test for correlated proportions and repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted to examine the changes in PA stage membership and PA level after the ***: Study 1 results revealed that only 4.4% of the surveyed students had correct knowledge of PA recommendations. those who were aware of the recommendations were in later stages of PA behavior(χ~2(4) = 167.19, p they were also significantly more physically active than those who were not aware of the recommendations(t(443.71) = 9.00, p tudy 2 results demonstrated that the intervention group participants who were at the precontemplation and contemplation stages at the pre-test each progressed further in the PA stages in the post-test(χ~2(1) = 112.06, p tively), although no significant change in PA level was observed(t(139) the results showed that

关键词： Behavior change Physical activity level Physical activity recommendations Public health policy Stages of change transtheoretical model

Probabilistic assessment of surface level seismic hazard in India using topographic gradient as a proxy for site condition

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 847-859页

作者： t.G.Sitharam Sreevalsa Kolathayar Naveen james Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Department of Civil Engineering Indian School of Mines

this paper presents spatial variation of seismic hazard at the surface level for India,covering 6-38°N and 68-98°*** most recent knowledge on seismic activity in the region has been used to evaluate the hazard incorporating uncertainties associated with the seismicity parameters using different modeling *** types of seismic source models,*** sources,gridded seismicity model and areal sources,were considered to model the seismic sources and different sets of ground motion prediction equations were used for different tectonic provinces to characterize the attenuation *** hazard estimation at bedrock level has been carried out using probabilistic approach and the results obtained from various methodologies were combined in a logic tree *** seismic site characterization of India was done using topographic slope map derived from Digital Elevation Model *** paper presents estimation of the hazard at surface level,using appropriate site amplification factors corresponding to various site classes based on V_（S30） values derived from the topographic *** variation of surface level peak horizontal acceleration（PHA） for return periods of 475 years and 2475 years are presented as contour maps.

关键词： PSHA PGA topography Site amplification India

New players in the regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第1期35卷 1-10页

作者： Xun Huang james t. Warren Lawrence I. Gilbert Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA

Insect ecdysone steroid hormone regulates major developmental transitions, such as molting and metamorphosis. the production of ecdysone correlates well with the timing of these transitions. Finding out how the ecdysone biosynthesis is regulated is crucial to fully understand these sophisticated developmental switches. Here we summarized recent findings in the regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis from the aspects of cell signaling, key biosynthetic enzymes and substrate cholesterol trafficking.

关键词： ecdysone cholesterol PttH P450

Clinical validity and utility of genetic risk scores in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 509-514页

作者： Brian t Helfand james Kearns Carly Conran Jianfeng Xu Department of Surgery NorthShore University HealthSystem Program for Personalized Cancer Care Evanston IL 60201 USA.

Current issues related to prostate cancer （PCa） clinical care （e.g., over-screening, over-diagnosis, and over-treatment of nonaggressive PCa） call for risk assessment tools that can be combined with family history （FH） to stratify disease risk among men in the general population. Since 2007, genome-wide association studies （GWASs） have identified more than 100 SNPs associated with PCa susceptibility. In this review, we discuss （1） the validity of these PCa risk-associated SNPs, individually and collectively; （2） the various methods used for measuring the cumulative effect of multiple SNPs, including genetic risk score （GRS）; （3） the adequate number of SNPs needed for risk assessment; （4） reclassification of risk based on evolving numbers of SNPs used to calculate genetic risk, （5） risk assessment for men from various racial groups, and （6） the clinical utility of genetic risk assessment. In conclusion, data available to date support the clinical validity of PCa risk-associated SNPs and GRS in risk assessment among men with or without FH. PCa risk-associated SNPs are not intended for diagnostic use; rather, they should be used the same way as FH. Combining GRS and FH can significantly improve the performance of risk assessment. Improved risk assessment may have important clinical utility in targeted PCa testing. However, clinical trials are urgently needed to evaluate this clinical utility as well as the acceptance of GRS by patients and physicians.

关键词： genetic risk score prostate cancer pyramid model single nucleotide polymorphisms

Vertebrate pesticide risk assessment by indigenous communities in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： Shaun C.OGILVIE james M.AtARIA james WAIWAI james DOHERtY Aroha MILLER james G.ROSS Charles t.EASON Ecology Department Lincoln UniversityLincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Landcare Research LincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration trust TuaiNew Zealand tuhoe tuawhenua trust MuruparaNew Zealand

In New Zealand,the vertebrate pesticide sodium fluoroacetate(Compound 1080)is aerially applied in baits for control of the brush-tailed possum trichosurus vulpecula(Kerr,1792).Maori,the indigenous people of New Zealand,have raised concerns about 1080 impacts on culturally-important ***,we outline two steps taken to help Maori assess 1080 ***,field research was undertaken to determine if naturally-occurring plants utilized by a Maori community for food and medicine would take up 1080 from *** baits were placed at the base of individual plants of two species,pikopiko(Asplenium bulbiferum)and karamuramu(Coprosma robusta).Plants were sampled at various times up to 56 days,and samples were analyzed for 1080 *** 1080 was detected in any of the pikopiko samples,whereas 1080 was detected in karamuramu,at a maximum concentration of 5 ppb after seven days,and 2.5 ppb after 14 *** concentration decreased to 0 at 28 days,indicating that 1080 was not *** results of the present study suggest there is negligible risk of humans being poisoned by consum-ing plants that have taken up 1080 from *** allay community concerns that minute concentrations of 1080 might influence the medicinal properties of plants,it is suggested that a withholding period of 30 days after 1080 control operations could be ***,after further consultation we undertook a review of the scientific literature relating to 1080 impacts on additional non-target species of cultural importance to *** information was presented on an interactive foodweb database that allowed the collection and presentation of a large volume of complex information about 1080 in a holistic and pictorial *** database was presented to many Maori communities throughout New Zealand,and feedback was overwhelmingly *** database is likely to play a key role in informing these communities about 1080,and is seen as an important new tool to help these communities

关键词： 1080 indigenous communities Maori risk assessment sodium fluoroacetate

Orthopaedic tissue engineering and stem cells -an unfulfilled promise

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Biomaterials translational 2021年第2期2卷 89-90页

作者： james t.triffitt Botnar Research Centre Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Despite being over thirty years since there was proof that the hypothetical osteogenic stem cell existed,1 demonstration of any dramatic value for the use of such cells in orthopaedic clinical practice by tissue engineering approaches has not yet been *** is notwithstanding extensive studies concerning the likely nature and potentials of these cells in countless in vitro and in vivo *** part,this is based on the confusion caused by exaggeration of claims by unreliable,or at best naïve,investigators and opportunistic entrepreneurs who have grossly misinterpreted data from many ill-conceived studies.2,3 this pseudo-science has been harmful,especially to the stem cell field,both academically and commercially.

关键词： likely concerning spite