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Comparing Ginsenoside Production in Leaves and Roots of Wild American Ginseng (<i>Panax quinquefolius</i>)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 1252-1259页

作者： james Matthew Searels Karissa D. Keen Jonathan L. Horton H. David Clarke Jennifer Rhode Ward Biology Department University of North Carolina at Asheville Asheville USA.

American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is an herbaceous perennial species that is destructively harvested for its bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. The demand for this herb fosters illegal poaching and over-harvesting that reduces genetic variability and population viability. Five wild populations in western North Carolina were studied to better understand the production of ginsenosides in leaf and root tissues. Total ginsenoside concentration was significantly higher in leaves than roots, though total yield was higher in roots due to greater root biomass. However, some ginsensosides (Rb2, Rd and Re) had higher or more consistent yields in leaves than roots, so might be developed into a sustainable source of these medicinally-active compounds. Additionally, we identified regional root chemotypes that differed in the production of the ginsenosides Rg1 and Re and could be developed into regional cultivars depending on the desired panel of ginsenosides.

关键词： American Ginseng Chemotypes Ginsenosides HPLC Medicinal Plants Panax quinquefolius

第三届“毛泽东与当代中国”学术研讨会观点摘编(下)

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现代哲学 2014年第2期 50-59页

作者：王绍光胡靖徐俊忠成谨济 james Goodman 林深靖钟秀梅香港中文大学华南师范大学 "三农"与城镇化研究所中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所韩国首尔市立大学澳大利亚University of Technology Sydney 台湾新国际理论与实践研究中心台湾成功大学

2013年11月29日至30日,"毛泽东与当代中国——毛泽东诞辰120周年国际学术研讨会"在中山大学举行,研讨会由中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所、中山大学中国马克思主义解释史研究中心、广州大学马克思主义学院联合主办,这是继200... 详细信息

2013年11月29日至30日,"毛泽东与当代中国——毛泽东诞辰120周年国际学术研讨会"在中山大学举行,研讨会由中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所、中山大学中国马克思主义解释史研究中心、广州大学马克思主义学院联合主办,这是继2008和2011年后,第三次以该主题举办的毛泽东研究会议。来自中国大陆、台湾、香港和美国、澳大利亚、韩国、越南等多个国家或地区的代表六十余人参加了会议。会议秉承思想开放和学术争鸣的精神,在多维度、多视角、多学科的思想交锋中深化了对问题的理解。为了较为全面地反映本次会议的成果,展示毛泽东研究的最新动态,本刊依据会议录音整理以及与会者提交的论文,围绕"毛泽东的评价及其研究方法"、"毛泽东与当代中国的社会主义道路探索"、"毛泽东与当今世界格局"等问题,对部分与会学者具有代表性的观点进行了摘编,并分上下两篇与读者共享。当然,由于篇幅限制,编者不得不有所取舍,在此对未被编入本文但同样为本次研讨会贡献真知灼见的学者表示真诚的谢意和歉意!

关键词：当代中国毛泽东学术研讨会摘编主流意识形态社会主义道路威权主义文献标识码

Effect of fiber supplementation on the microbiota in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2011年第6期2卷 138-145页

作者： Stephen JD O'Keefe Junhai Ou james P DeLany Scott Curry Erwin Zoetendal H Rex Gaskins Scott Gunn Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261United States Division of Infectious Disease Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261United States Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen UniversityWageningen 6703HBThe Netherlands Department of Animal Sciences and Pathobiology Division of Nutritional SciencesInstitute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801United States Division of Critical Care Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261United States

AIM:To determine tolerance to fiber supplementation of semi-elemental tube feeds in critically ill patients and measure its effect on colonic microbiota and ***:Thirteen intensive care unit patients receiving jejunal feeding with a semi-elemental diet for predominantly necrotizing pancreatitis were *** study was divided into 2 parts:first,short-term (3-9 d)clinical tolerance and colonic fermentation as assessed by fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and breath hydrogen and methane was measured in response to progressive fiber supplementation increasing from 4 g tid up to normal requirement levels of 8 g tid;second,4 patients with diarrhea were studied for 2-5 wk with maximal supplementation to additionally assess its influence on fecal microbiota quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)of microbial 16S rRNA genes and Human Intestinal Tract Chip(HITChip)microarray *** all patients were receiving antibiotics(10/13)and acid suppressants(11/13)at some stage during the ***:In group 1,tolerance to progressive fiber supplementation was good with breath hydrogen and methane evidence(P=0.008 and P<0.0001,respectively)of increased fermentation with no exacerbation of abdominal symptoms and resolution of diarrhea in 2 of 4 *** group 2 before supplementation,fecal microbiota mass and their metabolites,SCFA,were dramatically lower in patients compared to healthy *** qPCR and HITChip analyses we calculated that there was a 97%reduction in the predominant potential butyrate producers and starch *** 2-5 wk of fiber supplementation there was a significant increase in fecal SCFA(acetate 28.4±4.1μmol/g to 42.5±3.1μmol/g dry weight,P=0.01;propionate 1.6±0.5 vs 6.22±1.1,P=0.006 and butyrate 2.5±0.6 vs 5.9±1.1,P=0.04)and microbial counts of specific butyrate producers,with resolution of diarrhea in 3 of 4 ***:Conventional management of critically ill patie

关键词： Critical illness Acute pancreatitis Microbiota Enteral nutrition Fiber

加里福尼亚南部岸外泥火山的甲烷成因方解石、^(13)C亏损的双壳类贝壳以及气水合物

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海洋地质动态 2006年第8期22卷 21-25页

作者： james R Hein 徐明芝

沿大陆边缘的气体和流体通量与构造-沉积过程和(产生冷泉、温泉和甲烷水合物的)物化条件有关(如Obzhirov等,2004).我们对水合物进行了深入研究,因为它对块体坡移、能源、全球气候突然变化以及全球的碳质量平衡具有潜在的贡献.

关键词：甲烷水合物气水合物 ^13C 方解石泥火山双壳类成因贝壳

Field Evaluation of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for Demonstration of <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>in Patient Blood

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Microscopy Research 2019年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Enock Matovu Andrew Edielu james Ojom Ann Nanteza Charles Drago Kato Sylvain Biéler Joseph Mathu Ndung’u College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Lwala Hospital Soroti Uganda Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva Switzerland

Diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis requires demonstration of parasites in body fluids by microscopy. The microscopy methods that are routinely used are difficult to deploy in resource-limited settings due to practical challenges, including lengthy and tedious procedures, and the need for specific equipment to centrifuge samples in glass capillary tubes. We report here on a study that was conducted in a rural region of eastern Uganda to evaluate new methods that take advantage of a field-deployable LED fluorescence microscope. Examination of acridine orange-stained blood smears by LED fluorescence microscopy resulted in a diagnostic accuracy that was similar to that of routine methods, while the time needed to identify parasites was shortened significantly. These findings make these new microscopy methods attractive alternatives to procedures that are currently used for diagnosis of T. b. rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Rhodesiense LED Fluorescence Microscopy Red Blood Cell Lysis Diagnosis

博物馆策展人:学者艺术鉴赏家展览组织者——屈志仁先生专访

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东南文化 2011年第1期 16-22页

作者：屈志仁毛颖大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部南京博物院江苏南京210016

博物馆策展人的素质与能力是博物馆陈列展览特别是专题展览成功的关键因素之一。美国大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部主任、国际著名博物馆策展人屈志仁先生以"忽必烈的时代"展为例指出:博物馆策展人应同时具备学者、艺术鉴赏家与展览组织... 详细信息

博物馆策展人的素质与能力是博物馆陈列展览特别是专题展览成功的关键因素之一。美国大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部主任、国际著名博物馆策展人屈志仁先生以"忽必烈的时代"展为例指出:博物馆策展人应同时具备学者、艺术鉴赏家与展览组织者的素质与能力,通晓与展览有关的历史学、艺术史、文化史及文物与博物馆学等学科知识,组织、协调从研究策划、选取展品到展览开放、出版成果乃至配合实施教育计划等展览的全过程,以确保展览的成功,而博物馆亦将籍此推进学术研究,履行教育职责,更好地为公众服务。

关键词：博物馆策展人素质与能力 “忽必烈的时代:中国元代艺术”展屈志仁

Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： james F. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANDERSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and following handling （stress-induced） were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels

论象思惟作为提高中国学生创新能力的一种方法——关于“象”和“象思惟”对中国教育的启迪

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阅江学刊 2010年第3期2卷 54-63页

作者：韩樾夏 james Anthony (Tony) Whitson 美国特拉华大学美国特拉华州纽瓦克市19716

中国教育现状的一部分危机感,可以归结为中国学生缺乏创造力和创新性思惟。在对中国传统的象思惟的发掘和光大发扬的过程中,我们发现基于"自然之象"、"人工之象"、"精神之象"而产生的象思惟,在"观象"、"取象"、"立象"的各个层面渐次展... 详细信息

中国教育现状的一部分危机感,可以归结为中国学生缺乏创造力和创新性思惟。在对中国传统的象思惟的发掘和光大发扬的过程中,我们发现基于"自然之象"、"人工之象"、"精神之象"而产生的象思惟,在"观象"、"取象"、"立象"的各个层面渐次展开创造性思惟和创新性思惟,可以卓有成效地贯穿教育的全过程。

关键词：象思惟创新思惟创造力思惟方法

Succinic Acid Production across Candidate Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Feedstocks

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 2141-2153页

作者： Yifeng Xu Jamie L. Foster james P. Muir Byron L. Burson Russell W. Jessup Department of Soil & Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station Beeville TX USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Stephenville TX USA USDA-ARS Crop Germplasm Research Unit Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center College Station TX USA

Non-food lignocellulosic crops with both high biomass yields and superior adaptation to marginal lands have significant potential as biofuel feedstocks that can replace fossil fuels. Deployment of dedicated crops into single biofuels, however, has been reduced by conversion technology costs and low petroleum prices. Integrated biorefinery strategies, in which value-added coproducts are generated in conjunction with biofuels, by comparison offer opportunities to overcome this economic disadvantage. The objective of this research was to evaluate succinic acid accumulation across candidate lignocellulosic feedstocks. Feedstock entries included pearl millet x napiergrass hybrids (“PMN”;Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br. × P. purpureum Schumach.), napiergrass (P. purpureum Schumach.), annual sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (P. glaucum [L.] R. Br.), perennial sorghum (Sorghum spp.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter) and energy cane (Saccharum spp. L.). Replicated field plots, as well as an independent greenhouse trial, were characterized for succinic acid content. The PMN, napiergrass, sunn hemp and energy cane entries had greater (P ≤ 0.05) succinic acid yields, up to 556 kg·ha-1, in field trials. Napiergrass and PMN entries similarly had higher succinic acid yields under greenhouse conditions;however, irrigation treatments did not alter succinic acid accumulation in this study. Napiergrass, PMN, and energy cane thus are promising biorefinery feedstocks.

关键词： Biofuels Biorefinery Succinic Acid