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The effect of weight loss on fasting blood sugars and hemoglobin A1c in overweight and obese diabetics and non-diabetics

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第1期2卷 126-130页

作者： james stanford Matthew Kaiser Elizabeth Ablah Frank Dong Bobbie Paull-Forney james Early Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine-Wichita University of Kansas Kansas USA

BACKGROUND: Diet and exercise are recommended first line treatment for overweight, obese, and diabetic patients with the goal of decreasing weight and improving glycemic control. The goal of this study was to determine the effect that a low calorie diet and behavioral modification program, as implemented by a medically supervised weight loss program, would have on the fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c in overweight or obese diabetic and over-weight or obese non-diabetic participants. METHODS: Charts from 2009 to 2010 were reviewed for 310 diabetic and non-diabetic patients enrolled in the Via Christi Weight Management (VCWM) program in Wichita, Kansas. Data were collected before and after patients underwent a program of meal replacements and weekly physical activity lasting 12 weeks. Variables included pre and post treatment fasting blood sugars, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, percent body weight lost, and diabetes status. RESULTS: Diabetic participants lost an average of 11.7% of their initial body weight (IBW), and non-diabetic patients lost 12.5% of their IBW over the treatment course. Post-treatment average fasting blood glucose (FBG) decreased in both diabetics and non-diabetics by 15.53 mg/dL and 8.46 mg/dL, respectively (p = 0.08). Diabetic patients experienced a significant decrease of 0.83% from pre to post-treatment in hemoglobin A1c. For diabetic and non-diabetic groups, the changes in FBG were correlated with the change in weight. CONCLUSIONS: Diet and exercise, as prescribed by the VCWM program, is effective in reducing hemoglobin A1c in diabetics and reducing fasting blood sugars in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

关键词： Long-Term Weight Maintenance Hypertension Diabetes Hemoglobin A1C Low-Energy Diets

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The effect of weight loss on fasting blood sugars and hemoglobin A1c in overweight and obese diabetics and non-diabetics

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus（糖尿病） 2012年第1期

作者： james stanford Matthew Kaiser Elizabeth Ablah Frank Dong Bobbie Paull-Forney james Early

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A review of progress on nano-aperture VCSEL Invited Paper

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第10期6卷 748-754页

作者： Sonny Vo james S.Harris Solid State and Photonics Laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia94305USA

This paper reviews the progress on nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs）. The design, fabrication, and polarization control of nano-aperture VCSELs are reviewed. With the nanoaperture evolving from conventional circular and square aperture to unique C-shaped, H-shaped, I-shaped, and bowtie-shaped aperture, both the near-field intensity and near-field beam confinement from nanoaperture VCSELs are significantly improved. As a high-intensity compact light source with sub-100- nm spot size, nano-aperture VCSELs are promising to realize many new near-field optical systems and applications.

关键词： VCSEL view A review of progress on nano-aperture VCSEL Invited Paper

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Convergence to a Single Wave in the Fisher-KPP Equation(Dedicated to Haim Brezis,with admiration and respect)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 629-646页

作者： james NOLEN Jean-Michel ROQUEJOFFRE Lenya RYZHIK Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Institut de Mathématiques(UMR CNRS 5219) Université Paul Sabatier118 route de Narbonne31062 Toulouse cedexFraxlce Department of Mathematics Stanford UniversityStanford CA94305USA.

The authors study the large time asymptotics of a solution of the Fisher-KPP reaction-diffusion equation, with an initial condition that is a compact perturbation of a step function. A well-known result of Bramson states that, in the reference frame moving as 2t-(3/2 )log t+x∞, the solution of the equation converges as t → +∞ to a translate of the traveling wave corresponding to the minimal speed c_* = 2. The constant x∞ depends on the initial condition u(0, x). The proof is elaborate, and based on probabilistic *** purpose of this paper is to provide a simple proof based on PDE arguments.

关键词： Traveling waves, KPP, Front propagation, Asymptotic analysis,Reaction-diffusion

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1.3~1.55μm GAInNAsSb Lasers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 313-314页

作者： james S. Harris Solid State and Photonics Lab Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4075

The realization of long wavelength lasers on GaAs provides the opportunity to produce both much lower cost vertical cavity lasers and high power lasers. Results of work on the GaInNAsSb system to realize such lasers a... 详细信息

关键词： GaAs very as In that m GAInNAsSb Lasers been from for of in with Sb

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Home Delivery and Last-mile Logistics——A Comparative Study between China and France

Home Delivery and Last-mile Logistics——A Comparative Study...

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作者： WOLF Arthur-james 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

The present paper will aim at understanding the influence of e-Commerce on~1logistics,and especially on its last part:the last-mile *** has been studied for centuries,especially by French people who created it as part of their military *** last-mile logistics,however,has not been studied for long,as it is considered to be a new *** emerges in the late 1990’***,it became more and more important as e-Commerce ***,the existing literature shows how e-commerce has reinforced the“hubs and spokes”*** have shown the Internet-enabled supply chain（*** Anderson,stanford）,the neighbourhood effects with trials on Internet（Bell＆Song,2007）or even the long-tail theory（Chris Anderson,2004）.But,none spoke about the paradox of home deliveries:despite the cost and the complexity of last-mile logistics,e-commerce has generalized the use of home *** last mile is more and more constraining,as it represents the most costly and the most inefficient part of the supply *** is particularly important for our thesis as I will use this starting point to present the paradox of home *** is said to be the more complex and the more costly part of the entire supply chain and yet,it seems that home delivery has become the norm,being indivisible from online *** is true in China as well as in France but solutions are different due to economic,demographic and cultural *** is the influence of home deliveries on other deliveries?Why has it become the norm?And to what extent in France and China?

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Ground motion improvements in SPEAR3

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第9期40卷 164-170页

作者： james A.Safranek Yiton T.Yan Domenico Dell’Orco Georg Gassner Nikita Sunilkumar SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management

SPEAR3 is a third-generation synchrotron light source storage ring, about 234 meters in *** meet the beam stability requirement, our goal is to ultimately achieve an orbit variation（relative to the photon beam lines） of less than 10% of the beam size, which is about 1 micron in the vertical plane. Hydrostatic leveling system（HLS） measurements show that the height of the SPEAR3 tunnel floor can vary by tens of microns daily without thermal insulation improvements. We present an analysis of the HLS data that shows that adding thermal insulation to the concrete walls of the storage ring tunnel dramatically decreased diurnal tunnel floor motion.

关键词： accelerator synchrotron radiation optics heat ground motion

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Impact of a Senior High School Tuition Relief Program on Poor Junior High School Students in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 80-97页

作者： Xinxin Chen Yaojiang Shi Di Mo james Chu Prashant Loyalka Scott Rozelle School of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang University Northwest Social Economic Research Center Northwest University LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University

A significant gap remains between rural and urban students in the rate of admission to senior high school. One reason for this gap might be the high levels of tuition and fees for senior high school By reducing students＇ expectations of attending high school, high levels of tuition and fees could be reducing student aeademic performance in junior high schools. In this paper we evaluate the impacts of a senior high tuition relief program on the test scores of poor rural seventh grade students in China. We surveyed three counties in Shaanxi Province and exploited the fact that, while the counties are adjacent to one another and share similar characteristics, only one of the three implemented a tuition relief program. Using several alternative estimation strategies, including difference-in-differences, propensity score matching and difference-in-differences matching, we find that the tuition program has a statistically significant and positive impact on the mathematics scores of seventh grade students. More importantly, this program is shown to have a statistically significant and positive effect on the poorest students in the treatment group compared to their wealthier peers.

关键词： education program evaluation rural China tuition relief program

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Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 799-806页

作者： Stephen Tukwasibwe Annettee Nakimuli james Traherne Olympe Chazara Jyothi Jayaraman John Trowsdale Ashley Moffett Prasanna Jagannathan Philip JRosenthal Stephen Cose Francesco Colucci Makerere University KampalaUganda University of Cambridge CambridgeUK University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research CambridgeUK School of Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA University of California San FranciscoCAUSA MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit KampalaUganda Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB20SWUK

Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum malaria vary among individuals and between populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Natural killer (NK) cells produce inflammatory cytokines in response to malaria infection, kill intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites by cytolysis, and participate in the initiation and development of adaptive immune responses to plasmodial infection. These functions are modulated by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Therefore, variations in KIR and HLA genes can have a direct impact on NK cell functions. Understanding the role of KIRs and HLAs in immunity to malaria can help to better characterize antimalarial immune responses. In this review, we summarize the different KIRs and HLAs associated with immunity to malaria thus far.

关键词： Genetic variation Human Leukocyte Antigen Innate immunity Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor Malaria Natural killer cells

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How Are Secondary Vocational Schools in China Measuring up to Government Benchmarks?

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 98-120页

作者： Hongmei Yi Linxiu Zhang Chengfang Liu james Chu Prashant Loyalka May Maani Jianguo Wei Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute for Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Rural Education Action Project Freeman Spogli Institute for International StudiesStanford University Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University China Institute for Educational Finance Research Peking University

Drawing on a survey of106 secondary vocational schools and 7309 students in two provinces of China, this descriptive paper assesses whether vocational schooling is measuring up to government benchmarks for quality and whether poor students are able to access quality schools. We find that secondary vocational schools have met government benchmarks for teacher qualification and training, student opportunities forpractical training and adequate facilities. Furthermore, poor students access schools of similar quality to non-poor students, even though 34percent of poor students do not receive financial aid. We conclude that recent policies are successfully ensuring secondary vocational school quality and equity of access to school quality between poor and non-poor students. However, financial aid policies should be re-examined, such that poor students receive sufficient coverage. Moreover, given that input-based measures only proxy school quality, the government should consider holding schools accountable for outcomes such as student learning.

关键词： access China financial aid quality secondary vocational school

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