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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 101-116页

作者： Mariusz Tadych Marshall s.Bergen Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese james J.Polashock Nicholi Vorsa james F.White Jr Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers University59 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Philip E.Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Rutgers University125A Lake Oswego RoadChatsworthNJ 08019USA Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory USDA-ARS125A Lake Oswego RoadChatsworthNJ 08019USA

Culturable fungal population diversity and succession was investigated in developing cranberry ovaries of fruit rot-resistant and rot-susceptible cranberry selections,from flower through mature *** were recovered in culture from 1185 of 1338 ovary tissues collected from June to september,yielding 2255 isolates that represented 42 *** the season,species richness varied from 2 to 17 and 2 to 18 in rot-resistant and rotsusceptible selections,respectively,increasing from wk1 to wk10 and then gradually declining to ***-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.27 to 2.32 in rotresistant and 0.18 to 2.38 in rot-susceptible,and Pielou’s evenness index varied from 0.11 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.64 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,respectively,confirming that diversity of fungi in developing ovaries was similar among rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,but varied among sampling time *** component analysis grouped samples collected at the same sampling time point together regardless of rot susceptibility of the selections,and detected the predominant fungal species associated with each stage of *** changes were observed in populations of endophytic,pathogenic and saprophytic fungi throughout the season as ovaries matured.

关键词： Aetiology Cranberry fruit rot Pathogens Phenology Resistance Vaccinium macrocarpon

Emulsion‑based evolution of Escherichia coli for higher growth yield on D‑xylose identifies central role of cyclic AMP

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systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 730-738页

作者： james s.Orr Edwin Zen Xiaoyi Wang Christopher V.Rao DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation UrbanaILUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign600 S.Mathews Ave.UrbanaIL 61801USA Core Facility Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina

D-xylose is an abundant sugar found in plant biomass and can be used as a renewable feedstock for the microbial production of diverse biofuels and ***,D-xylose metabolism is slow in many industrial microorganisms,at least as compared to glucose *** surprisingly,a number of approaches have been developed for improving D-xylose metabolism in diverse *** this work,we applied a previously developed evolution strategy based on media-in-oil emulsions for improving the growth yield of Escherichia coli NCM3722 on *** 30 rounds of evolutions,we isolated multiple mutants with increased growth yield on *** addition,we also observed similar increases in the growth *** mutants were selected for whole-genome *** mutants had an amber stop mutation in adenylate cyclase,which truncates nearly 60%of the ***,the ability of this mutant to grow on xylose indicated that truncated enzyme,lacking the C-terminal regulatory domain,is still *** other mutant had a point mutation in the cyclic AMP receptor protein(CRP),near the high affinity binding site for cyclic *** mutations,when intro-duced into wild type ***,were able to increase the growth yields at levels similar to the isolated *** addition to D-xylose,these mutant strains and their genetic mimics also exhibited higher growth rates and yields on glucose,lactose,and *** results suggest that the improved growth rates and yields are due to changes in the production and sensing of intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and also suggest native concentrations are suboptimal with respect to the growth rate and yield under the growth conditions ***,these results may prove useful for engineering strains of *** for high-density fermentations or protein production.

关键词： Escherichia coli Xylose cAMP Adaptive laboratory evolution

A review of the interactions between ceria and H2 and the applications to selective hydrogenation of alkynes

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第6期41卷 901-914页

作者： james Kammert Jisue Moon Zili Wu Chemical science Division and Center for Nanophase Materials sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831USA

Cerium oxide(ceria) has found a wide variety of applications in catalysis including as a catalyst, a modifier, or a support, largely thanks to its robust redox properties and versatile acid-base function. While it is often utilized for oxidation reactions, ceria has recently attracted intense research interest for its unusual ability to selectively hydrogenate alkynes to alkenes. The intriguing hydrogenation ability of ceria has sparked renewed research efforts to understand how pure ceria works as a hydrogenation catalyst. In this review, recent advances in both experimental and computational studies of ceria are summarized, focusing on the interaction of ceria with H2 and in hydrogenation reactions. significant insights from various studies including in situ spectroscopy/microscopy and theoretic modeling of ceria in hydrogen-involved reactions are discussed, which shed light on the origin of the hydrogenation ability of ceria and the reaction mechanisms involved in ceria-catalyzed alkyne hydrogenation. Ways to further improve both the mechanistic understanding and catalytic performance of ceria-based materials for hydrogenation reactions are proposed at the end in the summary and outlook section.

关键词： Ceria Redox Hydrogen Hydrogenation Hydride Mechanism

systems for Hazards Identification in High Mountain Areas: An Example from the Kullu District, Western Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain science 2004年第2期1卷 115-127页

作者： james s. Gardner Eric saczuk Department of Environment and Geography and Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba Winnipeg ManitobaCanada .R3T 2N2Department of Environment and Geography and Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba Winnipeg ManitobaCanada .R3T 2N2

Methods and techniques for the identification, monitoring and management of natural hazards in high mountain areas are enumerated and described. A case study from the western Himalayan Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh, India is used to illustrate some of the methods. Research on the general topic has been conducted over three decades and that in the Kullu District has been carried out since 1994. Early methods of hazards identification in high mountain areas involved intensive and lengthy fieldwork and mapping with primary reliance on interpretation of landforms, sediments and vegetation thought to be indicative of slope failures, rock falls, debris flows, floods and accelerated soil surface erosion. Augmented by the use of airphotos and ad hoc observations of specific events over time, these methods resulted in the gradual accumulation of information on hazardous sites and the beginnings of a chronology of occurrences in an area. The use of historical methods applied to written and photographic material, often held in archives and libraries, further improved the resolution of hazards information. In the past two decades, both the need for, and the ability to, accurately identify potential hazards have increased. The need for accurate information and monitoring comes about as a result of rapid growth in population, settlements, transportation infrastructure and intensified land uses and, therefore, risk and vulnerability in mountain areas. Ability has improved as the traditional methods of gathering and manipulating data have been supplemented by the use of remote sensing, automated terrain modeling, global positioning systems and geographical information systems. This paper focuses on the development and application of the latter methods and techniques to characterize and monitor hazards in high mountain areas.

关键词： Hazards mapping GIs Himalaya

ON INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION IN COMPLEX sERVICE sYsTEMs

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Journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2008年第4期17卷 385-415页

作者： james M.TIEN College of Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFloridaUSA

The services sector employs a large and growing proportion of workers in the industrialized nations, and it is increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies. While the interdependences, similarities and complementarities of manufacturing and services are significant, there are considerable differences between goods and services, including the shift in focus from mass production to mass customization （whereby a service is produced and delivered in response to a customer＇s stated or imputed needs）. In general, services can be considered to be knowledge-intensive agents or components which work together as providers and consumers to create or co-produce value. Like manufacturing systems, an efficient service system must be an integrated system of systems, leading to greater connectivity and interdependence. Integration must occur over the physical, temporal, organizational and functional dimensions, and must include methods concerned with the component, the management, and the system. Moreover, an effective service system must also be an adaptable system, leading to greater value and responsiveness. Adaptation must occur over the dimensions of monitoring, feedback, cybernetics and learning, and must include methods concerned with space, time, and system. In sum, service systems are indeed complex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the human-centered aspects of such systems. Moreover, the system complexities can only be dealt with methods that enhance system integration and adaptation. The paper concludes with several insights, including a plea to shift the current misplaced focus on developing a science or discipline for services to further developing a systems engineering approach to services, an approach based on the integration and adaptation of a host of sciences or disciplines （e.g., physics, mathematics, statistics, psychology, sociology, etc.）. In fact, what is required is a services-related transdisciplinary - beyond a s

关键词： services service system system components system integration system adaptation system of systems decision informatics real-time decision making

Developing New Applications Based on Laser Additive Manufacturing of WC Cermets and WC Forming Alloys (Invited Paper)

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中国激光 2009年第12期36卷 3245-3250页

作者： james W.sears Additive Manufacturing Laboratory South Dakota School of Mines & TechnologyQuad City Manufacturing LaboratoryWestern Illinois University501 E.St.Joseph St.Rapid City SD 5770

Laser additive manufacturing(LAM) of tungsten carbide metal matrix composites(MMCs) has been evaluated for surface modification of hot die forming tools,cutting edges,glass tooling,extrusion mandrels,and other abrasive wear *** work focuses on transitions from tool steels to MMCs through a single pass laser powder deposition *** related to the application of various metal powders and carbides used include surface hardness,porosity,cracking,and *** issues along with factory results that were obtained during this project are discussed.

关键词：激光添加剂碳化钨工具钢金属基复合材料

Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis： Effects of Cultivation Parameters

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第4期49卷 447-451页

作者： Ping He james Duncan james Barber Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Division of Molecular Biosciences Imperial College London London SW7 2AY UK Graduate school of Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

The green alga, Haematococcus pluvlalis Flotow is used as a source of the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin for application in fish aquaculture, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Ceils of the green alga were induced by the application of different light and starvation conditions to evaluate the effect in astaxanthin accumulate. The conditions used for the Induction were high light intensity （170 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）, iron starvation, sulfur starvation and phosphate starvation. The results show that stresses applied in culture, which interfere with cell division, trigger the accumulation of astaxanthin. Notably, sulfur starvation results in a massive accumulation of this commercially important carotenoid.

关键词： astaxanthin Haematococcus pluvialis iron light phosphate stress sulfur.

BIG DATA:UNLEAsHING INFORMATION

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Journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2013年第2期22卷 127-151页

作者： james M.TIEN College of Engineering University of Miami

At present, it is projected that about 4 zettabytes （or 10^＊＊21 bytes） of digital data are being generated per year by everything from underground physics experiments to retail transactions to security cameras to global positioning systems. In the U. s., major research programs are being funded to deal with big data in all five sectors （i.e., services, manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining） of the economy. Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of available tools to undertake their acquisition, access, analytics and/or application in a reasonable amount of time. Whereas Tien （2003） forewarned about the data rich, information poor （DRIP） problems that have been pervasive since the advent of large-scale data collections or warehouses, the DRIP conundrum has been somewhat mitigated by the Big Data approach which has unleashed information in a manner that can support informed - yet, not necessarily defensible or valid - decisions or choices. Thus, by somewhat overcoming data quality issues with data quantity, data access restrictions with on-demand cloud computing, causative analysis with correlative data analytics, and model-driven with evidence-driven applications, appropriate actions can be undertaken with the obtained information. New acquisition, access, analytics and application technologies are being developed to further Big Data as it is being employed to help resolve the 14 grand challenges （identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008）, underpin the 10 breakthrough technologies （compiled by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013） and support the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization.

关键词： Big data data acquisition data access data analytics data application decision informatics products processes adaptive services digital manufacturing mass customization third industrial revolution

MANUFACTURING AND sERVICEs:FROM MAss PRODUCTION TO MAss CUsTOMIZATION

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Journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2011年第2期20卷 129-154页

作者： james M.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral Gables

Manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country＇s economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest *** outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products（due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining） and services *** date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass *** regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management *** a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration *** a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or ***,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus *** management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer *** and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization（e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual＇s upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting）.The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable

关键词： Value chain supply chain demand chain taxonomy real time management mass production mass customization manufacturing goods services

VIEWING URBAN DIsRUPTIONs FROM A DECIsION INFORMATICs PERsPECTIVE

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Journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2005年第3期14卷 257-288页

作者： james M. TIEN Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions： the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive, if not coordinated. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making - which Tien （2003） has called the decision informatics paradigm - is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption. It is focused on decisions and based on multiple data sources, data fusion and analysis methods, timely information, stochastic decision models and a systems engineering outlook; moreover, it is multidisciplinary, evolutionary and systemic in practice. The approach provides a consistent way to address real-time emergency issues, including those concerned with the preparation for a major disruption, the prediction of such a disruption, the prevention or mitigation of the disruption, the detection of the disruption, the response to the disruption, and the recovery steps that are necessary to adequately, if not fully, recuperate from the disruption. The efforts of the U. s. Department of Homeland security and its academically-based Homeland security Centers of Excellence are considered within the proposed types, stages and decisions framework.

关键词： Data fusion data analysis adaptive algorithms decision modeling systems engineering