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Biomaterials for immunomodulation in wound healing

Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第5期3卷 1-22页

作者： Ying Wang Katrina Vizely Chen Yu Li Karen Shen Amid Shakeri Ramak Khosravi james ryan smith Eugene Alfonzo II Alteza Yimu Zhao Milica Radisic Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G9Canada Toronto General Research Institute University Health NetworkTorontoON M5G 2C4 Canada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3E5Canada Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710USA Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular&Biomolecular Research University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3E1Canada

The substantial economic impact of non-healing wounds,scarring,and burns stemming from skin injuries is evident,resulting in a financial burden on both patients and the healthcare *** review paper provides an overview of the skin’s vital role in guarding against various environmental challenges as the body’s largest protective organ and associated developments in biomaterials for wound *** first introduce the composition of skin tissue and the intricate processes of wound healing,with special attention to the crucial role of immunomodulation in both acute and chronic *** highlights how the imbalance in the immune response,particularly in chronic wounds associated with underlying health conditions such as diabetes and immunosuppression,hinders normal healing ***,this review distinguishes between traditional wound-healing strategies that create an optimal microenvironment and recent peptide-based biomaterials that modulate cellular processes and immune responses to facilitate wound ***,we highlight the importance of considering the stages of wounds in the healing *** integrating advanced materials engineering with an in-depth understanding of wound biology,this approach holds promise for reshaping the field of wound management and ultimately offering improved outcomes for patients with acute and chronic wounds.

关键词： immunomodulation peptide-based biomaterials innate immunity angiogenesis for wound healing cellular response

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： james F. smith Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subfamily Cyrtandroideae of Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL-F for molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artificial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that defines Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in different clades of diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of Chirita. The species of Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea form a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising four monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We further analyzed the morphological evolution of Chirita and identified a series of morphological synapomorphies for the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita D. Don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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Vasectomy reversal： a clinical update

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 365-371,I0007页

作者： Abhishek P Patel ryan P smith Department of Urology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908-0422 USA.

Vasectomy is a safe and effective method of contraception used by 42-60 million men worldwide. Approximately 3%-6% of men opt for a vasectomy reversal due to the death of a child or divorce and remarriage, change in financial situation, desire for more children within the same marriage, or to alleviate the dreaded postvasectomy pain syndrome. Unlike vasectomy, vasectomy reversal is a much more technically challenging procedure that is performed only by a minority of urologists and places a larger financial strain on the patient since it is usually not covered by insurance. Interest in this procedure has increased since the operating microscope became available in the 1970s, which consequently led to improved patency and pregnancy rates following the procedure. In this clinical update, we discuss patient evaluation, variables that may influence reversal success rates, factors to consider in choosing to perform vasovasostomy versus vasoepididymostomy, and the usefulness of vasectomy reversal to alleviate postvasectomy pain syndrome. We also review the use of robotics for vasectomy reversal and other novel techniques and instrumentation that have emerged in recent years to aid in the success of this surgery.

关键词： epididymovasostomy microsurgery postvasectomy orchialgia postvasectomy pain syndrome vas deferens vasectomy vasectomy reversal vasoepididymostomy vasovasostomy

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Effect of Hind Leg Morphology on Performance of a Canine-inspired Quadrupedal Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2015年第3期12卷 339-351页

作者： james Andrew smith Jamil Jivraj Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON Canada

Biomimetic leg designs often appear to be arbitrarily chosen. To make a more objective choice regarding biomimetic leg configuration for small canine-inspired robots, we compare one hind leg to the same leg arranged in a different orientation, and show that the less biomimetic leg provides better performance. This differently-oriented leg design, which we call ＂transverse-mirrored＂ was more efficient and faster, both in simulation and experiment even though both leg configurations used the same passive and active components, rest angles, and monoartieular knee spring. In experiments the normal configuration had a maximum speed of 0.33 m·s^-1 and a specific resistance of 5.1. Conversely, the less biomimetic transverse-mirrored configuration had a maximum speed of 0.4 m·s^-1 and specific resistance of 3.9. Therefore the transverse-mirrored leg＇s best performance yields a 21% increase in speed and 24% decrease in specific resistance when compared to the best performance achieved in the normal biomimetic leg. The major underlying reason is that the knee spring engages more readily in the transverse-mirrored configuration, resulting in this faster and more efficient locomotion. The conclusion is that simply copying from nature does not lead to optimal performance and that insight into the role played by passive design components on natural locomotory dynamics is important.

关键词： biomimetic legged robot quadruped leg design walking legged locomotion

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High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： Edward L.Chupp james M.ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TELESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-Meson Production

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Re-evaluation of the function of the male specific lethal complex in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第8期38卷 327-332页

作者： james Birchler Harvey Fernandez ryan Donohue Abhijit Sanyal Division of Biological Sciences 311 Tucker HallUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

A set of proteins and noncoding RNAs, referred to as the male specific lethal （MSL） complex, is present on the male X chromosome in Drosophila and has been postulated to be responsible for dosage compensation of this chromosome -- the up-regulation of its expression to be equal to that of two X chromosomes in females. This hypothesis is evaluated in view of lesser known aspects of dosage compensation such as the fact that metafemales with three X chromosomes also have equal expression to normal females, which would require a down-regulation of each gene copy Moreover, when this complex is ectopically expressed in females or specifically targeted to a reporter in males, there is no increase in expression of the genes or targets with which it is associated. These observations are not consistent with the hypothesis that the MSL complex conditions dosage compensation. A synthesis is described that can account for these observations.

关键词： Dosage compensation MSL Aneuploidy Gene balance hypothesis X chromosome

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Resolving display shape dependence issues on tabletops

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第4期4卷 349-365页

作者： james McNaughton Tom Crick Shamus smith School of Education Durham University Department of Computer Science Swansea University School of Electrical Engineering & Computing Universityof Newcastle(Australia)

Advances in display technologies are transforming the capabilities—and potential applications—of system interfaces. Previously, the overwhelming majority of systems have utilised rectangular displays;this may soon change with digital devices increasingly designed to be ubiquitous and pervasive, to facilitate frictionless human interaction. At present, software is invariably designed assuming it will be used with a display of a specific shape; however, there is an emerging demand for systems built around interacting with tabletop interfaces to be capable of handling a wide range of potential display shapes. In this paper,the design of software for use on a range of differently shaped tabletop displays is considered, proposing a novel but extensible technique that can be used to minimise the influence of the issues of using different display shapes. Furthermore, we present a study that applies the technique to adapt several software applications to several different display shapes.

关键词： visual content management irregular displays screen design multi-touch surfaces tabletop displays ubiquitous computing

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A Scalable Testing Framework for Location-Based Services

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jiang Yu Andrew Tappenden james Miller Michael smith University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

A novel testing framework for location based services is introduced. In particular, the paper showcases a novel architecture for such a framework. The implementation of the framework illustrates both the functionality and the feasibility of the framework proposed and the utility of the architecture. The new framework is evaluated through comparison to several other methodologies currently available for the testing of location-based applications. A case study is presented in which the testing framework was applied to a typical mobile service tracking system. It is concluded that the proposed testing framework achieves the best coverage of the entire location based service testing problem of the currently available methodologies; being equipped to test the widest array of application attributes and allowing for the automation of testing activities.

关键词： location based applications location-based services M-commerce software testing

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Survey of unmanned subterranean exploration,navigation,and localisation

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2020年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Jeffrey Martz Wesam Al-Sabban ryan N.smith Physics and Engineering Fort Lewis CollegeDurangoCOUSA Computer and Information Systems umm Al Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

Subsurface networks include mining tunnels,caves,and the urban *** of these environments presents a complex setting with significant challenges in exploration,exploitation,*** hazards exist,including environmental and structural,and conditions degrade and change *** present a survey of research in autonomy,networking and mobility focused on exploring and/or mapping subsurface networks in unpredictable and unexplored *** focus is on mining tunnels as a proxy subterranean environment;motivated by the proximity of the authors to the Bonita Peak Mining District;a Superfund site consisting of 48 historic mines which have contaminated soil,groundwater and surface water with heavy metals as a result of historic *** exploration and assessment of the mining tunnels for remediation efforts presents an extremely challenging problem in subterranean ***,the environment in question is the most extreme and challenging subterranean *** assets must enter to explore and re-map the tunnels to assess safety for subsequent entrance by robots and/or humans for proper *** survey is split into three categories--Locomotion,GPS-denied navigation and localization,and *** is concluded with a proposed design for a platform that addresses the difficulties of exploring an abandoned mine.

关键词： groundwater underground exploration

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Nexus between polymer support and metal oxide nanoparticles in hybrid nanosorbent materials （HNMs） for sorption/desorption of target ligands

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 929-938页

作者： ryan C. smith Jinze LI Surapol PADUNGTHON Arup K. SENGUPTA Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

Metal oxide nanoparticles like hydrated ferric oxide （HFO） or hydrated zirconium oxide （HZrO） are excellent sorbents for environmentally significant ligands like phosphate, arsenic, or fluoride, present at trace concentrations. Since the sorption capacity is surface dependent for HFO and HZrO, nanoscale sizes offer significant enhancement in performance. However, due to their miniscule sizes, low attrition resistance, and poor durability they are unable to be used in typical plug-flow column setups. Meanwhile ion exchange resins, which have no specific affinity toward anionic ligands, are durable and chemically stable. By impregnating metal oxide nanoparticles inside a polymer support, with or without functional groups, a hybrid nanosorbent material （HNM） can be prepared. A HNM is durable, mechanically strong, and chemically stable. The functional groups of the polymeric support will affect the overall removal effi- ciency of the ligands exerted by the Donnan Membrane Effect. For example, the removal of arsenic by HFO or the removal of fluoride by HZrO is enhanced by using anion exchange resins. The HNM can be precisely tuned to remove one type of contaminant over another type. Also, the physical morphology of the support material, spherical bead versus ion exchange fiber, has a significant effect on kinetics of sorption and desorption. HNMs also possess dual sorption sites and are capable of removing multiple contaminants, namely, arsenate and perchlorate, concurrently.

关键词： ion exchange sorpfion arsenic perchlorat~,fluoride

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