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天语计划——寻找第二个太阳系及探索动态宇宙（英文）

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天文学报 2024年第4期 3-45页

作者：冯发波芮易成杜芝茂林清张聪聪周丹崔开明 OGIHArA Masahiro 杨明林杰蔡永志杨涛只庞晓莹简明杰李文雄郭恒潇史弦史建春李荐扬郭康柔姚嵩陈啊明贾鹏谭先瑜 JENKINS S.james 蒋宏轩张铭缘李可欣肖光耀郑书玥宣一帆郑捷何敏 JONES r.A.Hugh 宋翠英上海交通大学李政道研究所上海交通大学物理与天文学院上海天文馆(上海科技馆分馆) 中国科学院上海天文台同济大学测绘与地理信息学院中国科学院星系宇宙学重点实验室(中国科学技术大学) 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院中国科学院云南天文台中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室国际超新星中心-云南省国际超新星研究重点实验室西安交通大学物理学院西交利物浦大学物理系上海师范大学上海市星系与宇宙学半解析研究重点实验室 Department of Astronomy Stockholm University 中国科学院国家天文台中山大学大气科学学院太原理工大学电子信息与光学工程学院 Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasUniversidad Diego Portales Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines(CATA) 山东大学空间与物理学院山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室中国科学院国家天文台中国科学院天文光学技术重点实验室 Centre for Astrophysics research University of Hertfordshire 清华大学天体物理研究中心

像木星和土星这样的冷巨行星对类地行星的形成和宜居性起到了关键作用,因此,对像太阳系这样具有多个冷巨行星的系统的搜寻具有重要意义.Kepler以及TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite)太空望远镜成功地通过凌星的方法发现了... 详细信息

像木星和土星这样的冷巨行星对类地行星的形成和宜居性起到了关键作用,因此,对像太阳系这样具有多个冷巨行星的系统的搜寻具有重要意义.Kepler以及TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite)太空望远镜成功地通过凌星的方法发现了大量短周期行星,然而这些巡天项目的观测基线不足以发现更长周期的行星.为此,天语计划将部署两台1m望远镜(天语一号和天语二号),用于结合天语和其他计划的数据通过凌星法来发现冷巨行星及其他行星,并最终发现类太阳系.天语一号具有约10平方度的视场以及高速CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)科学相机,将对超过1000万颗恒星每小时进行一次高精度测光采样,并通过天语二号的多波段测光、光谱仪以及高分辨率成像对天语一号发现的候选行星进行确认.天语望远镜将放置于海拔约4000m的中国青海冷湖,是目前中国境内最好观测台址之一.天语对亮于14等星的测光精度为0.1%,对亮于18等星的测光精度优于1%,天语预计在5yr内将在类太阳周期发现超过300颗凌星行星,其中包括约17颗冷巨行星.基于系统轨道共面以及孪生地球发生率为10%的假设,天语预计将发现1-2个类太阳系,并可被未来的地球2.0计划所证实.此外,天语还将通过多种巡天观测模式测量从亚秒到周时标的光变,探测不同时标的时域现象,包括超新星早期光变、稀有变星和双星、潮汐瓦解事件、Be星、彗星活动以及系外小行星等.这些发现不仅将深化我们对宇宙的理解,还将为公众科学和科普提供重要平台.

关键词：技术:测光行星与卫星:探测行星与卫星:形成恒星:超新星:普通恒星:变星:普通小行星:普通恒星:伽马射线暴:普通

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Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 33-47页

作者： Joseph D.Birch james A.Lutz Soren Struckman Jessica r.Miesel Justine Karst Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University Department of Wildland resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Department of renewable resources University of Alberta

Background: Large-diameter trees have an outsized influence on aboveground forest dynamics, composition, and structure. Although their influence on aboveground processes is well studied, their role in shaping belowground fungal communities is largely unknown. We sought to test if(i) fungal community spatial structure matched aboveground forest structure;(ii) fungal functional guilds exhibited differential associations to aboveground trees, snags,and deadwood; and(iii) that large-diameter trees and snags have a larger influence on fungal community richness than smaller-diameter trees. We used MiSeq sequencing of fungal communities collected from soils in a spatially intensive survey in a portion of Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah, USA. We used random forest models to explore the spatial structure of fungal communities as they relate to explicitly mapped trees and deadwood distributed across 1.15 ha of a 15.32-ha mapped subalpine ***: We found 6,177 fungal amplicon sequence variants across 117 sequenced samples. Tree diameter, deadwood presence, and tree species identity explained more than twice as much variation(38.7% vs. 10.4%) for ectomycorrhizal composition and diversity than for the total or saprotrophic fungal communities. Species identity and distance to the nearest large-diameter tree(≥ 40.2 cm) were better predictors of fungal richness than were the identity and distance to the nearest tree. Soil nutrients, topography, and tree species differentially influenced the composition and diversity of each fungal guild. Locally rare tree species had an outsized influence on fungal community ***: These results highlight that fungal guilds are differentially associated with the location, size, and species of aboveground trees. Large-diameter trees are implicated as drivers of belowground fungal diversity, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi.

关键词： Belowground ecology Ectomycorrhizal fungi Pinus flexilis Pinus longaeva Saprotrophic fungi Smithsonian ForestGEO Spatial dynamics Utah Forest Dynamics Plot

扩链条件对聚丁二酸丁二酯-共-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/滑石粉共混物性能的影响

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中国塑料 2024年第6期38卷 1-11页

作者：骆佳伟周炳王洪学贾钦中石化(上海)石油化工研究院有限公司上海201208

将一种多环氧官能团聚合物作为聚丁二酸丁二酯-共-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBST)的扩链剂,研究熔体反应挤出过程中的扩链条件对PBST/滑石粉共混物性能的影响。将扩链剂用量、反应温度和螺杆转速作为本研究的主要研究因素,通过方差分析寻找主... 详细信息

将一种多环氧官能团聚合物作为聚丁二酸丁二酯-共-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBST)的扩链剂,研究熔体反应挤出过程中的扩链条件对PBST/滑石粉共混物性能的影响。将扩链剂用量、反应温度和螺杆转速作为本研究的主要研究因素,通过方差分析寻找主要影响因素及各因素间交互作用。结果表明,扩链剂用量的影响最为显著,其次是温度,螺杆转速的影响不显著;随着扩链剂用量的增加,熔融温度和结晶温度降低,分子量、熔体黏度和热稳定性增加;同时,随着扩链剂用量的增加,改性PBST强度提高但韧性降低;响应面分析表明扩链剂用量、反应温度和螺杆转速分别为0.66%、200℃和300 r/min时扩链条件最优。

关键词：可生物降解聚酯扩链剂扩链条件聚丁二酸丁二酯-共-对苯二甲酸丁二酯滑石粉

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko r.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev r.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.james L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.rae L.ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

reversible protein phosphorylation, a central signaling hub to regulate carbohydrate metabolic networks

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1279-1286页

作者： Fengyi Gao Liang Zhang james rLloyd Wenbin Zhou Yanmei Chen State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental resilience College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Biology and Food Shangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu 476000HenanChina College of Life Science Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007HenanChina Department of Genetics Institute for Plant BiotechnologyStellenbosch University7600 StellenboschSouth Africa Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Plants produce a range of carbohydrates to meet their growth and developmental needs. Protein reversible phosphorylation plays key roles in coordinating multiple metabolic pathways and integrating diverse internal and external cues. Understanding such regulatory metabolism will provide novel resources for breeding and crop management by modulating metabolic pathways for control of growth and stress response. In this review, we summarize the complex, multifaceted functions of protein phosphorylation and their connections to plant metabolism. We focus particularly on carbohydrate metabolic pathways that are controlled by key kinases and discuss how they are linked to downstream changes in physiology, important agronomic traits and crop quality.

关键词： Crop plants Metabolomics SnrK kinase TOr kinase Transcription factor Phosphoproteomics

Understanding the impact of disease and vaccine mechanisms on the importance of optimal vaccine allocation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 539-550页

作者： Isobel r.Abell james M.McCaw Christopher M.Baker School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Melbourne Centre for Data Science The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity risk Analysis The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Vaccination is an important epidemic intervention ***,it is generally unclear how the outcomes of different vaccine strategies change depending on population characteristics,vaccine mechanisms and allocation *** this paper we develop a conceptual mathematical model to simulate strategies for pre-epidemic *** extend the SEIr model to incorporate a range of vaccine mechanisms and disease *** then compare the outcomes of optimal and suboptimal vaccination strategies for three public health objectives(total infections,total symptomatic infections and total deaths)using numerical *** comparison shows that the difference in outcomes between vaccinating optimally and suboptimally depends on vaccine mechanisms,disease characteristics,and objective *** modelling finds vaccines that impact transmission produce better outcomes as transmission is reduced for all *** vaccines that impact the likelihood of symptomatic disease or dying due to infection,the improvement in outcome as we decrease these variables is dependent on the strategy *** a principled model-based process,this work highlights the importance of designing effective vaccine allocation *** conclude that efficient allocation of resources can be just as crucial to the success of a vaccination strategy as the vaccine effectiveness and/or amount of vaccines available.

关键词： Mathematical modelling Epidemiology

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in type 2 diabetes melitus: from pathophysiology to therapeutics

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第5期14卷 4-15页

作者： Miyesaier Abudureyimu Xuanming Luo Xiang Wang james r.Sowers Wenshuo Wang Junbo Ge Jun ren Yingmei Zhang Cardiovascular Department Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China Department of General Surgery Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China Diabetes and Cardiovascular research Center University of Missouri ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65212USA Department of Cardiology Shanghai lnstitute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM or T2D)is a devastating metabolic abnormality featured by insulin resistance,hyperglycemia,and hyperlipidemia.T2D provokes unique metabolic changes and compromises cardiovascular geometry and ***,T2D increases the overall risk for heart failure(HF)and acts independent of classical risk factors including coronary artery disease,hypertension,and valvular heart *** incidence of HF is extremely high in patients with T2D and is manifested as HF with preserved,reduced,and midrange ejection fraction(HFpEF,HFrEF,and HFmrEF,respectively),all of which significantly worsen the prognosis for *** seen in approximately half of the HF cases and is defined as a heterogenous syndrome with discrete phenotypes,particularly in close association with metabolic ***,management of HFpEF in T2D remains unclear,largely due to the poorly defined pathophysiology behind ***,in this review,we will summarize findings from multiple preclinical and clinical studies as well as recent clinical trials,mainly focusing on the pathophysiology,potential mechanisms,and therapies of HFpEF in T2D.

关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus heart failure with preserved ejection fraction pathophysiology therapies

Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike r.james Timothy A.Quine John N.Quinton richard E.Brazier CrEWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use rare Earth Oxide(rEO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and rEO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and rEO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment rainfall simulator Sheetwash rilling Interrill

Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： Shane F.O'riordan rod McGregor Shona L.Halson David J.Bishop james r.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood ***,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures *** study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at ***:resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,junior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CON),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHOrTS),and compression socks(SOCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral *** blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared ***:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON(prTS(pr compared with CON(pral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON(pr compared to SOCKS(procnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.000),SOCKS(p=0.012),and SHOrTS(p=0.000),with SOCKS higher compared to SHOrTS(p=0.046).Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.028)and SOCKS(p=0.019),with SHOrTS also higher compared to CON(p=0.012)and SOCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.003),SOCKS(p=0.033),and SHOrTS(p=0.003),with SOCKS higher compared to CON(p=0.044)and SHOrTS(p=0.032).Va

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow