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Comment on“Assessing gully erosion and rehabilitation using multi temporal LiDAr DEMs:Case study from the Great Barrier reef catchments,Australia”by Khan et al.,2023

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第2期12卷 481-486页

作者： james S.Daley Andrew P.Brooks John r.Spencer Coastal and Marine research Centre Griffith UniversityGold Coast4215Australia

Geomorphic change detection(GCD)using high resolution topographic data can provide important insights into geomorphological ***,considerations must first be given to the mechanisms and dynamics producing landscape change when considering an appropriate experimental *** et al.(2023)investigate gully erosion rates and processes in different untreated and rehabilitated gullies using multi-temporal aerial lidar survey(ALS)***,an inappropriate time interval between sampling,a lack of uncertainty measures and lack of baseline monitoring survey data lead them to arrive at incorrect *** data is presented from the same field sites,which demonstrate gully sediment losses have been underestimated by at least 330%and potentially over an order of magnitude.A number of critical shortcomiongs of the paper are *** time intervals between data collection have led to a lack of detection of some sediment transport *** associated with gully rehabilitation have been conflated with geomorphic change,as no post-construction baseline data was collected.A lack of post-construction baseline data for this analysis means ongoing erosion and deposition cannot be resolved in the rehabilitated gully *** these errors in approach,discussions of gully geomorphic processes,erosion mechanisms and evaluations of rehabilitation efforts are unsupported,overstated and *** has important implications for land management efforts and planning as well ongoing research on alluvial gully erosion,which is largely overlooked by Khan et al.(2023).

关键词： erosion stated discussions

Vascular endothelial growth factor for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: An experimental study in canines

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第9期9卷 120-129页

作者： Zoe H Dailiana Nikolaos Stefanou Lubna Khaldi Georgios Dimakopoulos james r Bowers Cristian Fink james r Urbaniak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Thessalia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Department of Pathology "Saint Savvas" AntiCancer Hospital Medical Statistics Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus of the University of Ioannina Emerge Ortho Independence Park Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery research Unit of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention Institute for Sports Medicine Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG)UMIT

AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METHODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFH was induced cryosurgically and one of the following solutions was administered locally in the femoral head(FH) in each group: Single injection of 500 μg VEGF(t-VEGFμ group); single injection of 500 ng VEGF(t-VEGFn group); continuous delivery of 500 μg VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-μ group); continuous delivery of 500 ng VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-n group); single injection of 0.9% sodium chloride(t-NS group), while one group that served as control group did not receive any local solution(No-t group). FHs were retrieved 12 wk postoperatively, underwent decalcification and hematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. In two canines per group, one half of FH was processed without decalcification and stained with modified Masson Trichrome. Histological sections were observed by light microscopy and measured with a semi-automatized bone histomorphometry system and Bone Volume/Total Volume(BV/TV), Marrow Volume/Total Volume(MaV/TV), and Trabecular Thickness(TbT h) were assessed. Standard and robust tests(Welch, Brown Forsythe) of analysis of variance along with multiple comparisons, were carried out among the *** The untreated(No-t) group had signs of osteonecrosis, whereas the VEGF groups revealed reversal of the osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis of the decalcified specimens revealed a significantly better BV/TV ratio and a higher Tb Th between the VEGF treatment groups(except the t-VEGFn group) and the No-t group or the control t-NS group. Single dose 500 μg VEGF group had significantly better BV/TV ratio and higher Tb Th when compared to the No-t group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 29.50 ± 12.27, P = 0.002 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.77 ± 35.15, P = 0.161 respectively) and the control t-NS group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 30.9 ± 6.67, P = 0.004 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs

关键词： Osteonecrosis Vascular endothelial growth factor Avascular necrosis Femoral head Osteogenesis Animal model

Sensitivity Analysis of the ALMANAC Model's Input Variables

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第7期1卷 757-764页

作者： james r. Kiniry Jimmy r. Williams Uaited state Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service/Grassland Soil andWater Research Lab Texas 76502 U.S. AUaited state Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service/Grassland Soil andWater Research Lab Texas 76502 U.S. A

Crop models often require extensive input data sets to realistically simulate crop growth. Development of such input data sets can be difficult for some model users. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of variables in input data sets for crop modeling. Based on published hybrid performance trials in eight Texas counties, we developed standard data sets of 10-year simulations of maize and sorghum for these eight counties with the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model. The simulation results were close to the measured county yields with relative error only 2.6% for maize, and - 0.6% for sorghum. We then analyzed the sensitivity of grain yield to solar radiation, rainfall, soil depth, soil plant available water, and runoff curve number, comparing simulated yields to those with the original, standard data sets. runoff curve number changes had the greatest impact on simulated maize and sorghum yields for all the counties. The next most critical input was rainfall, and then solar radiation for both maize and sorghum, especially for the dryland condition. For irrigated sorghum, solar radiation was the second most critical input instead of rainfall. The degree of sensitivity of yield to all variables for maize was larger than for sorghum except for solar radiation. Many models use a USDA curve number approach to represent soil water redistribution, so it will be important to have accurate curve numbers, rainfall, and soil depth to realistically simulate yields.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Crop modeling Sorghum Maize runoff curve number Plant available water

Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 187-196页

作者： Christopher james CLArK Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University PO Box 208106 New Haven CT 06511 USA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California- Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone （hfl）, a low frequency tone （lft）, and atonal sound pulses （asp）, which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices （tail-feathers） of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hfl or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds sitlfilar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism .

关键词： Calliope Hummingbird Courtship Multicomponent Signal Sonation Wind Tunnel

Cirrus Cloud Macrophysical and Optical Properties over North China from CALIOP Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第3期28卷 653-664页

作者：闵敏王普才 james r. Campbell 宗雪梅夏俊荣 Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences UCAr Visiting Scientist Programs Naval Research LaboratoryMontereyCaliforniaUSA

Two years of mid-latitude cirrus cloud macrophysical and optical properties over North China are described from Earth-orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP) satellite measurements. Global cloud climatological studies based on active remote sensing data sets benefit from more accurate resolution of vertical structure and more reliable detection of optically thin *** mean values for cirrus cases over North China are 0.19±0.18 for infrared emittance,0.41±0.68 for visible optical depth, 0.26±0.12 for integrated depolarization ratio,and 0.72±0.22 for integrated color *** studied using reasonable assumptions for the relationship between extinction and ice crystal backscatter coefficients,our results show that most of the cirrus clouds profiled using the 0.532μm channel data stream correspond with an optical depth of less than *** dependence of cirrus cloud properties on cirrus cloud mid-cloud temperature and geometry thickness are generally similar to the results derived from the ground-based lidar, which are mainly impacted by the adiabatic process on the ice cloud ***,the differences in macrophysical parameter variability indicate the limits of spaceborne-lidar and dissimilarities in regional climate variability and the nature and source of cloud nuclei in different geographical regions.

关键词： cirrus cloud spaceborne-lidar optical depth

Pole placement approach to coherent passive reservoir engineering for storing quantum information

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第3期15卷 193-205页

作者： Thien NGUYEN Zibo MIAO Yu PAN Nina AMINI Valery UGrINOVSKII Matthew r. james ArC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia QUANTIC lab INRIA Paris 2 rue Simone Iff 75012 Paris France Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China CNrS Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L25) CentraleSupélec 3 rue Joliot Curie 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette France School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra ACT 2600 Australia

reservoir engineering is the term used in quantum control and information technologies to describe manipulating the environment within which an open quantum system operates. reservoir engineering is essential in applications where storing quantum information is required. From the control theory perspective, a quantum system is capable of storing quantum information if it possesses a so-called decoherence free subsystem （DFS）. This paper explores pole placement techniques to facilitate synthesis of decoherence free subsystems via coherent quantum feedback control. We discuss limitations of the conventional ＇open loop＇ approach and propose a constructive feedback design methodology for decoherence free subsystem engineering. It captures a quite general dynamic coherent feedback structure which allows systems with decoherence free modes to be synthesized from components which do not have such modes.

关键词： Open quantum system decoherence free subsystem reservoir engineering coherent feedback control quantum control

ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.r.Gupta james M.Tiedje CSIrO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rrNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

A DECISION-MAKING FrAMEWOrK FOr VEGETATED rOOFING SYSTEM SELECTION

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Journal of Green Building 2008年第4期3卷 138-153页

作者： Elizabeth J.Grant james r.Jones School of Architecture+Design Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University403B Cowgill HallBlacksburgVirginia 24061 USA

Design frequently involves making tradeoffs to obtain the“optimal”solution to a design problem,often using intuition or past experience as a *** vegetated roofing is a relatively complex and comparatively new technology to many practitioners,a rational,explicit method to help organize and rank the tradeoffs made during the design process is *** research comprises the creation of a framework diagramming the decision process involved in the selection of vegetated roofi ng *** literature review,case studies and interviews with experts,the available knowledge is captured and organized to determine the critical parameters affecting design *** important evaluative categories are identifi ed and parameters within these categories are addressed in the context of a decision support system for green roof designers.A summation of the total importance of the advantages represented by each alternative is used to determine the most feasible green roof system for a particular *** framework is demonstrated and compared with green roof designers’decision-making processes and conclusions are drawn regarding its effectiveness.

关键词： vegetated roof green roof decision support system decision-making framework Choosing By Advantages

On the homotopy category of AC-injective complexes

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第1期12卷 97-115页

作者： james GILLESPIE ramapo College of New Jersey School of Theoretical and Applied Science Mahwah NJ 07430 USA

Let r be any ring. We motivate the study of a class of chain complexes of injective r-modules that we call A C-injective complexes, showing that K（AC-Inj）, the chain homotopy category of all AC-injective complexes, is always a compactly generated triangulated category. In general, all DG- injective complexes are AC-injective and in fact there is a recollement linking K（AC-Inj） to the usual derived category D（r）. This is based on the author＇s recent work inspired by work of Krause and Stovicek. Our focus here is on giving straightforward proofs that our categories are compactly generated.

关键词： AC-injective recollement compactly generated triangulated category