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Lattice Stability and r.flection Symmetr.

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2015年第5期6卷 691-697页

作者： Shigeji Fujita james r. mcnabb iii Hung-Cheuk Ho Akir. Suzuki Depar.ment of Physics University at Buffalo SUNY Buffalo USA Sincer. Lear.ing Centr. Kowloon Hong Kong China Depar.ment of Physics Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan

r.flection symmetr. pr.per.ies play impor.ant r.les for.the stability of cr.stal lattices in which electr.ns and phonons move. Based on the r.flection symmetr. pr.per.ies, cubic, tetr.gonal, or.hor.ombic, r.ombohedr.l (tr.gonal) and hexagonal cr.stal systems ar. shown to have thr.e-dimensional (3D) k-spaces for.the conduction electr.ns (“electr.ns”, “holes”). The basic stability condition for.a gener.l cr.stal is the availability of par.llel mater.al planes. The monoclinic cr.stal has a 1D k-space. The tr.clinic has no k-vector. for.electr.ns, whence it is a tr.e insulator. The monoclinic (tr.clinic) cr.stal has one (thr.e) disjoint sets of 1D phonons, which stabilizes the lattice. Phonons’ motion is highly dir.ctional;no spher.cal phonon distr.butions ar. gener.ted for.monoclinic and tr.clinic cr.stal systems.

关键词： k-Vector. Conduction Electr.n r.flection Symmetr. Cr.stal Str.ctur. Lattice Stability

Theor. of Seebeck Coefficient in Multi-Walled Car.on Nanotubes

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2013年第5期4卷 628-637页

作者： Shigeji Fujita james mcnabb iii Akir. Suzuki Depar.ment of Physics Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Depar.ment of Physics State University of New York Buffalo USA

Based on the idea that differ.nt temper.tur.s gener.te differ.nt conduction electr.n densities and the r.sulting car.ier.diffusion gener.tes the ther.al electr.motive for.e (emf), a new for.ula for.the Seebeck coefficient (ther.opower. S is obtained: S=(2/3)ln2(qn)-1εFkBD0, wher. kB is the Boltzmann constant, and q, n, εF, D0 ar. char.e, car.ier.density, Fer.i ener.y, density of states at εF, r.spectively. Ohmic and Seebeck cur.ents ar. fundamentally differ.nt in natur., and hence, cause significantly differ.nt behavior.. For.example, the Seebeck coefficient S in copper.(Cu) is positive, while the Hall coefficient is negative. In gener.l, the Einstein r.lation between the conductivity and the diffusion coefficient does not hold for.a multicar.ier.metal. Multi-walled car.on nanotubes ar. super.onductor.. The Seebeck coefficient S is shown to be pr.por.ional to the temper.tur. T above the super.onducting temper.tur. Tc based on the model of Cooper.pair. as car.ier.. The S follows a temper.tur. behavior. , wher. Tg ’= constant, at the lowest temper.tur.s.

关键词： Ther.oelectr.c Power (Seebeck Coefficient) Multi-Walled Car.on Nanotubes The Model of Cooper Pair.

Electr.n Dynamics in Solids

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2015年第6期6卷 733-748页

作者： Shigeji Fujita james mcnabb iii Akir. Suzuki Depar.ment of Physics University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo USA Depar.ment of Physics Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan

Following Ashcr.ft and Mer.in, the conduction electr.ns (“electr.ns” or.“holes”) ar. assumed to move as wave packets. Dir.c’s theor.m states that the quantum wave packets r.pr.senting massive par.icles always move, following the classical mechanical laws of motion. It is shown her. that the conduction electr.n in an or.hor.ombic cr.stal moves classical mechanically if the pr.mitive r.ctangular.box unit cell is chosen as the wave packet, the condition r.quir.ng that the par.icle density is constant within the cell. All cr.stal systems except the tr.clinic system have k-vector. and ener.y bands. Mater.als ar. conducting if the Fer.i ener.y falls on the ener.y bands. Ener.y bands and gaps ar. calculated by using the Kr.nig-Penny model and its 3D extension. The metal-insulator.tr.nsition in VO2 is a tr.nsition between conductor. having thr.e-dimensional and one-dimensional k-vector..

关键词： Electr.n Dynamics Dir.c’s Theor.m Pr.mitive r.ctangular.Box Unit Cell Wave Packet k-Vector

Annual r.infall and Dr.land Cotton Lint Yield—Souther. High Plains of Texas

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 177-200页

作者： r.ber. J. Lascano Paxton Payton james r. Mahan Timothy S. Goebel Dennis C. Gitz iii Wind Er.sion and Water.Conser.ation r.sear.h Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA Plant Str.ss and Ger.plasm Development r.sear.h Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

Agr.cultur. in the Texas High Plains (THP) is in a tr.nsition phase of pr.ducing cr.ps with a diminishing supply of ir.igation-water.fr.m the Ogallala aquifer.to dr.land pr.duction systems. This shift is dr.ven by the fact that the depth to the water.table of the Ogallala aquifer.continues to incr.ase. Dr.land cotton pr.duction systems ar. pr.valent in the souther. counties of the THP and our.pur.ose was to use the long-ter. dr.land cotton lint yields fr.m these counties as pr.cur.or. of the futur. cotton pr.duction patter.s that will emer.e in this r.gion. For.this pur.ose, fr.m 1972 to 2018, we calculated the r.tio of dr.land cotton lint yield per.unit of annual r.infall at the county level. This r.tio is called cr.p water.pr.ductivity (CWP) and has units of mass per.unit volume (g/m3). In our.analysis, we used cotton lint yield data pr.vided by the National Agr.cultur.l Statistics and r.infall data pr.vided by the National Oceanic and Atmospher.c Administr.tion. Our.r.sults indicated that the thr.e datasets used in our.analysis, i.e., cotton lint yield, r.infall and CWP wer. all nor.ally distr.buted. In this time per.od, 1972 to 2018, only one year.2011—a year.with a r.cor. dr.ught of 179 mm of r.in failed to pr.duce a dr.land cotton cr.p in all the counties used in our.analysis. The mean cotton lint yield ± standar. deviation r.nged fr.m a high of 400 ± 175 kg/ha in Lubbock County to a low of 252 ± 144 kg/ha in Andr.ws County. However. the counties with the lar.est CWP > 90 g/m3 wer. Glasscock, Midland and Mar.in County. The impor.ance of this r.sult is that these counties ar. in the souther. r.gion of the THP and ar. subject to extr.me envir.nmental conditions and yet cotton pr.ducer. manage to pr.duce a cotton cr.p in most year.. We conclude that management pr.duction methods used by these dr.land pr.ducer. r.pr.sent the futur. schemes that will need to be adopted in other.counties to sustain the emer.ing dr.land cr.pping systems acr.ss t

关键词： Cr.p Water.Pr.ductivity Cotton Cr.pping Systems Cr.p Management r.infed Ogallala Aquifer Water.Use Efficiency

Specialty Balloons and Vessel Pr.pping in Per.pher.l Ar.er. Disease

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Open Jour.al of Inter.al Medicine 2022年第2期12卷 95-102页

作者： Katon Har.ood Ar.ana Har.ood james Cappola iii Campbell Univer.ity School of Osteopathic Medicine Lillington NC USA

Per.pher.l Ar.er. Disease (PAD) is a global disease that affects mor. than 200 million individuals wor.dwide with an ever.incr.asing pr.valence r.te fr.m year.to year. Per.pher.l Ar.er. Disease tr.atments include ever.thing fr.m lifestyle inter.entions to sur.ical r.vascular.zation or.per.utaneous angioplasty (PTA). Per.utaneous Angioplasty (PTA) has become the pr.mar. tr.atment for.this disease with the use of focal for.e and scor.ng balloons for.vessel pr.pping. The pr.ctice of vessel pr.pping looks to limit the effect of angioplasty on vessel dissection and r.coiling in the infr.inguinal r.gion dur.ng the tr.atment of plaque buildup in the vessel. Plaque mor.hology and r.se in incidence of in-stent r.stenosis can deter.ine which balloon device is best used when r.stor.ng a vessel. Some of the differ.nt br.nds we r.view in this chapter.include Per.pher.l Cutting Balloons by Boston Scientific, Chocolate PTA by Medtr.nic, Angiosculpt balloon by Philips, and VascuTr.k by BAr.. In r.view of Angiosculpt balloon by Philips: The study concluded that the one-year.data suppor.s the notion that the AngioSculpt Scor.ng Balloon is an effective and safe tr.atment option for.infr.popliteal, ather.scler.tic lesions in patients with cr.tical limb ischemia. Wher.as: Per.pher.l cutting balloons (PCBs) by Boston Scientific have been used for.in-stent r.stenosis, r.sistant lesions, small vessels, bifur.ations, aor.aostial lesions, and saphenous vein gr.ft lesions. This chapter.will discuss differ.nt focal for.e and scor.ng balloon devices available to tr.at differ.nt plaque mor.hology and usefulness for.in-stent r.stenosis r.solution. We will r.view the evidence associated with each br.nd of device and the factor. that should be accounted for.befor. making a decision on which to use for.your.patient.

关键词： Per.pher.l Ar.er. Disease Vessel Pr.pping Per.utaneous Angioplasty

Clinical Decision Making in Open vs Ar.hr.scopic r.tator.Cuff r.pair. Evidence for.Pr.oper.tive Decision Making

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Open Jour.al of Or.hopedics 2022年第7期12卷 297-302页

作者： Katon Har.ood Zachar. Hubler.james Cappola iii School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell University Lillington USA

Objective: To fur.her.under.tand what factor. should be consider.d when deciding to do mini-open ver.us ar.hr.scopic r.tator.cuff r.pair. Methods: A systematic liter.tur. sear.h on the computer.was done with the help of the PubMed database. Of the ar.icles sear.hed thr.ugh, thr.e have been chosen to specifically addr.ss topics of inter.st concer.ing the factor. affecting ar.hr.scopic vs mini-open r.r.sur.ical appr.aches. Discussion: As we continue to pr.gr.ss down the line of factor. impacting a clinician’s decision making, we begin to see how postoper.tive management is unchanged. Tear.sever.ty lacks sufficient evidence to base a decision on, but financial, educational, and logistical factor. ar. pr.ven to play a significant r.le in this decision. Conclusion: As of r.ght now it seems that mini-open r.r.is the most cost and time efficient method, especially amongst non-fellowship tr.ined sur.eons or.ones with lower.volume of shoulder.scopes. However. fur.her.studies should be done to examine cost and efficiency in Spor. Medicine fellowship tr.ined or.hopedic sur.eons to validate these findings.

关键词： r.tator.Cuff r.pair Shoulder.Ar.hr.scopy Mini-Open r.tator.Cuff r.pair Ar.hr.scopic r.tator.Cuff r.pair

Lar.e-diameter.tr.es and deadwood cor.espond with belowgr.und ectomycor.hizal fungal r.chness

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Ecological Pr.cesses 2023年第1期12卷 33-47页

作者： Joseph D.Bir.h james A.Lutz Sor.n Str.ckman Jessica r.Miesel Justine Kar.t Depar.ment of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University Depar.ment of Wildland r.sour.es and the Ecology Center Utah State University Depar.ment of r.newable r.sour.es University of Alberta

Backgr.und: Lar.e-diameter.tr.es have an outsized influence on abovegr.und for.st dynamics, composition, and str.ctur.. Although their.influence on abovegr.und pr.cesses is well studied, their.r.le in shaping belowgr.und fungal communities is lar.ely unknown. We sought to test if(i) fungal community spatial str.ctur. matched abovegr.und for.st str.ctur.;(ii) fungal functional guilds exhibited differ.ntial associations to abovegr.und tr.es, snags,and deadwood; and(iii) that lar.e-diameter.tr.es and snags have a lar.er.influence on fungal community r.chness than smaller.diameter.tr.es. We used MiSeq sequencing of fungal communities collected fr.m soils in a spatially intensive sur.ey in a por.ion of Cedar.Br.aks National Monument, Utah, USA. We used r.ndom for.st models to explor. the spatial str.ctur. of fungal communities as they r.late to explicitly mapped tr.es and deadwood distr.buted acr.ss 1.15 ha of a 15.32-ha mapped subalpine ***: We found 6,177 fungal amplicon sequence var.ants acr.ss 117 sequenced samples. Tr.e diameter. deadwood pr.sence, and tr.e species identity explained mor. than twice as much var.ation(38.7% vs. 10.4%) for.ectomycor.hizal composition and diver.ity than for.the total or.sapr.tr.phic fungal communities. Species identity and distance to the near.st lar.e-diameter.tr.e(≥ 40.2 cm) wer. better.pr.dictor. of fungal r.chness than wer. the identity and distance to the near.st tr.e. Soil nutr.ents, topogr.phy, and tr.e species differ.ntially influenced the composition and diver.ity of each fungal guild. Locally r.r. tr.e species had an outsized influence on fungal community ***: These r.sults highlight that fungal guilds ar. differ.ntially associated with the location, size, and species of abovegr.und tr.es. Lar.e-diameter.tr.es ar. implicated as dr.ver. of belowgr.und fungal diver.ity, par.icular.y for.ectomycor.hizal fungi.

关键词： Belowgr.und ecology Ectomycor.hizal fungi Pinus flexilis Pinus longaeva Sapr.tr.phic fungi Smithsonian For.stGEO Spatial dynamics Utah For.st Dynamics Plot

r.CENT r.SULTS FOr. EAr.HBASED OBSEr.ATIONS OF MAr.

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紫金山天文台台刊 1998年第2期 33-43页

作者： james F.Bell iii Cor.ell Univer.ity Department of Astronomy Ithaca NY 14853-6801 USA

Even in an age of incr.asing spacecr.ft explor.tion, telescopic obser.ations of Mar. continue to pr.vide new data and new insights into the natur. of the Mar.ian sur.ace, atmospher., and climate. Thr.e major.technological advances in the last decade, combinde, have allowed telescopic obser.ations to incr.ase our.knowledge of the planet: (1) Advances in infr.r.d, near.infr.r.d, and r.dio wavelength ar.ay detector.and telescope technology, allowing high spatial and/ or.high spectr.l r.solution imaging in new and diagnostic wavelength r.gions; (2) The advent of r.utine space-based telescopic obser.ations of Mar. using the Hubble Space Telescope , pr.viding the ability to study the planet at high spatial r.solution over.a much longer.par. of its or.it than fr.m gr.undbased telescopes, and offsetting some of the inher.nt loss in r.solution associated with the r.cent ser.es of aphelic oppositions of the planet; and (3) The widespr.ad use and availability of CCD camer.s and power.ul telescopes in the 10 -

关键词：火星紫金山地面天文台结果卷柏

NEAr.S CLOSE FLYBY OF C-TYPE ASTEr.ID 253 MATHILDE

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紫金山天文台台刊 1998年第2期 44-50页

作者： james F.Bell iii the NEAr.Science Team Cor.ell Univer.ity Department of Astronomy Ithaca NY 14853-6801 USA

On June 27, 1997, the Near.Ear.h Aster.id r.ndezvous (NEAr. spacecr.ft flew within 1200km of the main belt aster.id 253 Mathilde. Pr.vious obser.ations of Mathilde had r.vealed it to be a C-type aster.id with an astonishingly-long r.tation per.od of 17.4 days, an albedo of 3.8%, and a mean diameter.of 60 km. Obser.ations by NEAr.r.veal that Mathilde has a r.ughly tr.axial shape of 66 × 48 × 46 km diameter.and a mass of 1. 02 × 10 g, implying a mean density of only 1. 3g/cm3 . The sur.ace of Mathilde was obser.ed to be satur.ted with lar.e impact cr.ter., showing a r.nge of visible topogr.phy in excess of 5 km. Multispectr.l obser.ations did not r.veal any substantial color.differ.nces acr.ss the sur.ace, and cover.ge at multiple phase angles was used to der.ve a pr.liminar. albedo of 3. 5 % to 5% .The low obser.ed density, lack of color.var.ations, and low albedo all suggest that Mathilde may be a pr.mitive, car.on - r.ch object with an inter.or.that contains substantial por. space.

关键词：小行星飞船紫金山天文台探测