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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第2期12卷 481-486页

作者： james S.Daley Andrew p.Brooks John R.Sp.ncer Coastal and Marine Research Centre Griffith UniversityGold Coast4215Australia

Geomorp.ic change detection(GCD)using high resolution top.grap.ic data can p.ovide imp.rtant insights into geomorp.ological ***,considerations must first be given to the mechanisms and dynamics p.oducing landscap. change when considering an ap.rop.iate exp.rimental *** et al.(2023)investigate gully erosion rates and p.ocesses in different untreated and rehabilitated gullies using multi-temp.ral aerial lidar survey(ALS)***,an inap.rop.iate time interval between samp.ing,a lack of uncertainty measures and lack of baseline monitoring survey data lead them to arrive at incorrect *** data is p.esented from the same field sites,which demonstrate gully sediment losses have been underestimated by at least 330%and p.tentially over an order of magnitude.A number of critical shortcomiongs of the p.p.r are *** time intervals between data collection have led to a lack of detection of some sediment transp.rt *** associated with gully rehabilitation have been conflated with geomorp.ic change,as no p.st-construction baseline data was collected.A lack of p.st-construction baseline data for this analysis means ongoing erosion and dep.sition cannot be resolved in the rehabilitated gully *** these errors in ap.roach,discussions of gully geomorp.ic p.ocesses,erosion mechanisms and evaluations of rehabilitation efforts are unsup.orted,overstated and *** has imp.rtant imp.ications for land management efforts and p.anning as well ongoing research on alluvial gully erosion,which is largely overlooked by Khan et al.(2023).

关键词： erosion stated discussions

Exp.sure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** resp.nses

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： Suzanne C.Ball james p.Meador C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA Dep..of Environmental and Occup.tional Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Wastewater treatment p.ants release comp.ex mixtures of chemicals into the aquatic environment as wastewater effluent(WWE);however,the effects of these mixtures are still p.orly *** salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)are a culturally imp.rtant sp.cies in the p.cific Northwest and are a vital food resource for southern resident killer whales(Orcinus orca)that are listed as‘critically endangered’under the *** Sp.cies Act(ESA).Chinook p.p.lations have declined drastically in this region and have failed to show significant recovery desp.te regional-to-federal efforts,resulting in many p.p.lations being listed as threatened under the *** source of stress to juvenile Chinook is chemical p.llution from WWE during their outmigration along river corridors and residency in *** this study,we investigated effects of WWE on juvenile Chinook health in a ten-day exp.sure to dilutions of WWE from 0.1%to 20%.At the end of the exp.sure,we measured endp.ints associated with endocrine disrup.ion,brain function,osmoregulation,stress,and *** to WWE significantly(α=0.1 for all analyses)induced vitellogenesis,indicating endocrine system *** saw significant reductions in p.asma glucose,an indication of stress,and brain Na+/K+-ATp.se(NKA)activity,an enzyme essential for neuronal ***,metabolism was affected as evidenced by altered total p.otein,cholesterol,and albumin in p.asma,a drastic decrease in whole body lip.d content,and a significant increase in visible liver *** comp.red contaminant concentrations in exp.sure water with effects concentrations from the literature for chemicals known to induce vitellogenin or inhibit brain *** most contaminants,concentrations in exp.sure waters were several orders of magnitude below effects concentrations in the *** excep.ion was estrogenic hormones,which were detected at similar concentrations in this study comp.red to concentrations in other studies tha

关键词： Wastewater effluent Chinook salmon Toxicity Sodium p.tassium ATp.se Vitellogenin p.ysiology Metabolism Glucose

Exp.sure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** p.ofiling

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 367-377页

作者： james p.Meador Suzanne C.Ball C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre Dep..of Environmental and Occup.tional Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on juvenile Chinook salmon exp.sed for 10 days to wastewater effluent(WWE)from a large urban treatment *** included five dilutions of WWE(20%,5.3%,1.4%,0.4%,and 0.1%)and a control with 7 rep.icates p.r *** was extracted from fish and analyzed via liquid chromatograp.y–mass sp.ctrometry(LC-MS)for 361 endogenous metabolites,of which 185 were ***-versus-treatment comp.risons identified several metabolites that were associated with altered biochemical p.thways observed for all treatments,including several that are imp.rtant for energy generation and *** altered p.thways are crucial for fish health and may be an early indicator of p.tential adverse effects on growth,rep.oduction,behavior,and immune *** ocean-typ. Chinook salmon sp.nd several days to weeks in the nearshore estuary where they may encounter high concentrations of WWE *** are exp.sed to a wide range of p.tent p.armaceuticals,p.rsonal care p.oducts,and industrial comp.unds from WWE that have the p.tential to affect p.ysiological homeostasis and disrup. their normal life cycle.

关键词： Wastewater effluent Metabolomics p.ysiology Chinook salmon p.armaceuticals Metabolic p.thways Estuary

Methods for latent image simulations in p.otolithograp.y with a p.lychromatic light attenuation equation for fabricating VIAs in 2.5D and 3D advaneed p.ckaging architectures

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 85-96页

作者： Daniel C.Smallwood p.ul McCloskey Cian OzMathuna Declan p.Casey james F.Rohan MicroNano Systems Centre Tyndall National InstituteUniversity College CorkLee MaltingsCork T12 R5CPIreland School of Engineering University College CorkCollege RoadCorkIreland

As demand accelerates for multifunctional devices with a small footp.int and minimal p.wer consump.ion,2.5D and 3D advanced p.ckaging architectures have emerged as an essential solution that use through-substrate vias(TSVs)as vertical in *** stacking en ables chip.p.ckages with increased functi on ality,enhanced desig n versatility,minimal p.wer loss,reduced footp.int and high *** the p.tential of p.otolithograp.y for vertical interconnect access(VIA)fabrication requires fast and accurate p.edictive modeling of diffraction effects and resist film *** p.ocedure is esp.cially challenging for broad-sp.ctrum exp.sure systems that use,for examp.e,Hg bulbs with g-,h-,and i-line UV *** this p.p.r,we p.esent new methods and equations for VIA latent image determination in p.otolithograp.y that are suitable for broad-sp.ctrum exp.sure and negate the need for comp.ex and time-consuming in situ *** technique is accurate,converges quickly on the average modern p. and could be readily integrated into p.otolithograp.y simulation *** derive a p.lychromatic light attenuation equation from the Beer-Lambert law,which can be used in a critical exp.sure dose model to determine the p.otochemical reaction *** in teg rate this equation with an exact scalar diffraction formula to p.oduce a succinct equation comp.ising a comp.ete coup.ing between light p.op.gation p.enomena and p.otochemical *** then p.rform a comp.rative study between 2D/3D p.otoresist latent image simulation geometries and directly corresp.nding exp.rimental data,which demonstrates a highly p.sitive *** anticip.te that this technique will be a valuable asset to p.otolithograp.y,micro-and nano-op.ical systems and advaneed p.ckaging/system integration with ap.lications in technology domains ranging from sp.ce to automotive to the Internet of Things(loT).

关键词： latent image equation

Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Trop.ch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 262-269页

作者： Alan J. Mccue Jura Ap.naviciute Richard p.K. Wells james A. Anderson Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Abcrdccn UK Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group School of Engineering University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK

The addition of Au as a p.omoter/modifier for alumina sup.orted Co catalyst has been studied by combined in-situ high temp.rature, high p.essure Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and on-line gas chromatograp.y. The combination of these tools p.rmitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction p.oducts during the first 5-7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/ A1203 and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/A1203. Samp.es were characterised before use using Raman and temp.rature p.ogrammed reduction （Tp.）. During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up.on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these sp.cies were assessed in terms of CH2/CH3 ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by emp.oying absorp.ion coefficients for the individual comp.nents. The nature and reducibility of the Co p.rticles were modified by the p.esence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/ H2 balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic p.ases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst conversion of synthesis gas