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Two-dimensional near-infrared photonic crystal fabrication by generation of void channels in solid resin

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Chinese Optics Letters 2003年第12期1卷 719-721页

作者： Michael james Ventura Centre for Micro-Phtonics and the Centre for Ultrahigh-Highwidth Devices for Optical Systems School of Biophysical Sciences and Electrical Engineering Swinburne University of Technology PO Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia

Two-dimensional (2D) triangular void channel photonic crystals with different lattice constants stacked in two different directions were fabricated by using femtosecond laser micro-explosion in solid polymer material. Fundamental and higher-order stop gaps were observed both in the infrared transmission and reflection spectra. There is an approximately linear relationship between the gap position and the lattice constant. The suppression of the fundamental gap is as high as 70% for 24-layer structures stacked in the T-M direction.

关键词： of as Two-dimensional near-infrared photonic crystal fabrication by generation of void channels in solid resin by that were for with

Multifocal stenosing ulceration of the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4883-4885页

作者： Hugh james Freeman Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaUBC Hospital

Several reports have described an apparently uncommon clinicopathological disorder that is characterized by multifocal stenosing small-intestinal *** to Crohn's disease,the ulcers are not transmural and typically remain shallow,and involve only the mucosa and *** disorder seems to be localized in the jejunum and proximal ileum only,and not the distal ileum or *** nonspecif ic inflammatory changes are present without giant cells or other typical features of granulomatous *** patients present clinically with recurrent obstructive events that usually respond to steroids,surgical resection,or *** the development of newer imaging modalities to visualize the small-intestinal mucosa,such as double-balloon enteroscopy,improved understanding of the long-term natural history of this apparently distinctive disorder should emerge.

关键词： Ulcer Stenosis Intestinal diseases Small intestine Crohn's disease

Watershed science:Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第5期64卷 677-690页

作者： Chansheng HE L.Allan james Department of Geography Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooM149008USA Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education)College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Over the past decades,a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes,such as ecohydrology,global hydrology,sociohydrology,supply management,demand management,and integrated water resources management(IWRM).At the same time,rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing,mapping,remote sensing,machine learning,and modelling technologies in hydrological *** those programs and advancements,a water crisis is intensifying *** missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)at multiple spatial *** the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management,watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing *** study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management,and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water ***,it describes the core components of watershed science:(1)hydrological analysis;(2)water-operation policies;(3)governance;(4)management and *** framework takes into account water availability,water uses,and water quality;explicitly focuses on the storage,fluxes,and quality of the hydrological cycle;defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework;and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources *** provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.

关键词： Water crisis Hydrology Watershed science Integrated water resources management(IWRM)

Venous thromboembolism with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第7期14卷 991-993页

作者： Hugh james Freeman Department of Medicine (Gastroen-terology) University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Venous thrombosis and thromboembolism appear to be increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Although several acquired and genetic risk factors are known, about half that develop a thromboembolic event have no identifiable risk factor. Control of the inflammatory process is thought to be the key factor in risk reduction for thrombotic events. Prophylactic use of anticoagulants is not universally recommended, but possible use should be reviewed in an individual patient after evaluation of the risks, such as hemorrhage, compared to potential benefits. Particular consideration should be given if there has been a prior thrombotic event, if hospitalization will require surgery, or if an underlying coagulation disorder is present.

关键词： Venous thrombosis Thromboembolism Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

“Melanosis” in the small and large intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第27期14卷 4296-4299页

作者： Hugh james Freeman Department of Medicine (Gastroen- terology) University of British Columbia

Deposition of pigment in the intestinal mucosa is commonly observed by the endoscopist, especially within the colon, and particularly during investigations for constipation. Pigment may also be detected in the small intestine. Although labeled as melanosis, electron microscopy and X-ray analytical methods have provided evidence that this pigment is not melanin at all, but lipofuscin. Often, herbal remedies or anthracene containing laxatives are often historically implicated, and experimental studies in both humans and animal models have also confirmed the intimate relationship with these pharmacological or pseudo-pharmacological remedies. The appearance of melanosis coli during colonoscopy is largely due to pigment granule deposition in macrophages located in the colonic mucosa. The pigment intensity is not uniform, being more intense in the cecum and proximal colon compared to the distal colon. Possibly, this reflects higher luminal concentrations of an offending agent in the proximal compared to distal colon, differential absorption along the length of the colon, or finally, differences in macrophage distribution within the colon. Mucosal lymphoid aggregates normally display a distinct absence of pigment producing a "starry sky" appearance, especially in the rectosigmoid region. Interestingly, some focal, usually sessile, colonic mucosal neoplastic lesions, rather than submucosal lesions, may be better appreciated as pigment deposition may be absent or limited. If detected, removal and further histopathologic analysis of the polyp may be facilitated.

关键词： Melanosis Lipofuscin Melanosis coli Constipation Hemosiderin Melanosis ilei Melanosisduodeni Anthraquinones

A spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of lockdown and coronavirus on London’s bicycle hire scheme:from response to recovery to a new normal

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第4期26卷 664-684页

作者： Xiaowei Gao Huanfa Chen james Haworth SpaceTimelab Department of CivilEnvironmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom

The coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019 has had wide-ranging impacts on many aspects of people’s daily *** the peak of the outbreak,lockdown measures and social distancing changed the ways in which cities *** particular,they had profound impacts on urban transportation systems,with public transport being shut down in many *** share systems(BSS)were widely reported as having experienced an increase in demand during the early stages of the pandemic before returning to pre-pandemic ***,the studies published to date focus mainly on the first year of the pandemic,when various waves saw continual relaxing and reintroductions of ***,they fall short of exploring the role of BSS as we move to the post-pandemic *** address this gap,this study uses origin-destination(O-D)flow data from London’s Santander Cycle Hire Scheme from 2019-2021 to analyze the changing use of BSS throughout the first two years of the pandemic,from lockdown to recovery.A Gaussian mixture model(GMM)is used to cluster 2019 BSS trips into three distinct clusters based on their duration and *** clusters are used as a reference from which to measure spatial and temporal change in 2020 and *** agreement with previous research,BSS usage was found to have declined by nearly 30%during the first *** then saw a sharp increase as restrictions were lifted,characterized by longer,less direct trips throughout the afternoon rather than typical peak commuting *** the aggregate number of BSS trips appeared to return to normal by October 2020,this was against the backdrop of continuing restrictions on international travel and work from home *** period between July and December 2021 was the first period that all government restrictions were *** this time,BSS trips reached higher levels than in ***-temporal analysis indicates a shift away from the traditional morning and evening peak to a more diffuse p

关键词： COVID-19 micro-mobility restrictive measures bicycle share system

Vertebrate pesticide risk assessment by indigenous communities in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： Shaun C.OGILVIE james M.ATARIA james WAIWAI james DOHERTY Aroha MILLER james G.ROSS Charles T.EASON Ecology Department Lincoln UniversityLincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Landcare Research LincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust TuaiNew Zealand Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust MuruparaNew Zealand

In New Zealand,the vertebrate pesticide sodium fluoroacetate(Compound 1080)is aerially applied in baits for control of the brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula(Kerr,1792).Maori,the indigenous people of New Zealand,have raised concerns about 1080 impacts on culturally-important ***,we outline two steps taken to help Maori assess 1080 ***,field research was undertaken to determine if naturally-occurring plants utilized by a Maori community for food and medicine would take up 1080 from *** baits were placed at the base of individual plants of two species,pikopiko(Asplenium bulbiferum)and karamuramu(Coprosma robusta).Plants were sampled at various times up to 56 days,and samples were analyzed for 1080 *** 1080 was detected in any of the pikopiko samples,whereas 1080 was detected in karamuramu,at a maximum concentration of 5 ppb after seven days,and 2.5 ppb after 14 *** concentration decreased to 0 at 28 days,indicating that 1080 was not *** results of the present study suggest there is negligible risk of humans being poisoned by consum-ing plants that have taken up 1080 from *** allay community concerns that minute concentrations of 1080 might influence the medicinal properties of plants,it is suggested that a withholding period of 30 days after 1080 control operations could be ***,after further consultation we undertook a review of the scientific literature relating to 1080 impacts on additional non-target species of cultural importance to *** information was presented on an interactive foodweb database that allowed the collection and presentation of a large volume of complex information about 1080 in a holistic and pictorial *** database was presented to many Maori communities throughout New Zealand,and feedback was overwhelmingly *** database is likely to play a key role in informing these communities about 1080,and is seen as an important new tool to help these communities

关键词： 1080 indigenous communities Maori risk assessment sodium fluoroacetate

Atmospheric Precursors of and Response to Anomalous Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP5 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 27-37页

作者： Michael KELLEHER james SCREEN College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of Exeter

This study examines pre-industrial control simulations from CMIP5 climate models in an effort to better understand the complex relationships between Arctic sea ice and the stratosphere, and between Arctic sea ice and cold winter temperatures over Eurasia. We present normalized regressions of Arctic sea-ice area against several atmospheric variables at extended lead and lag times. Statistically significant regressions are found at leads and lags, suggesting both atmospheric precursors of, and responses to, low sea ice; but generally, the regressions are stronger when the atmosphere leads sea ice, including a weaker polar stratospheric vortex indicated by positive polar cap height anomalies. Significant positive midlatitude eddy heat flux anomalies are also found to precede low sea ice. We argue that low sea ice and raised polar cap height are both a response to this enhanced midlatitude eddy heat flux. The so-called "warm Arctic, cold continents" anomaly pattern is present one to two months before low sea ice, but is absent in the months following low sea ice, suggesting that the Eurasian cooling and low sea ice are driven by similar processes. Lastly, our results suggest a dependence on the geographic region of low sea ice, with low Barents–Kara Sea ice correlated with a weakened polar stratospheric vortex, whilst low Sea of Okhotsk ice is correlated with a strengthened polar vortex. Overall, the results support a notion that the sea ice, polar stratospheric vortex and Eurasian surface temperatures collectively respond to large-scale changes in tropospheric circulation.

关键词： sea ice–atmosphere coupling stratosphere–troposphere coupling atmospheric circulation Eurasian climate

Transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3388-3395页

作者： Marcus Mottershead james Neuberger Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom

Liver transplantation remains an effective treatment for those with end-stage disease and with intractable liver-related *** shortage of organs for transplantation has resulted in the need for rationing.A variety of approaches to selection and allocation have been developed and vary from country to *** shortage of donors has meant that new approaches have to be adopted to make maximal use of the available organs;these include splitting grafts,use of extended criteria livers,livers from non-heart-beating donors and from living *** transplantation,most patients will need life-long immunosuppression,although a small proportion can have immunosuppression successfully *** immunosuppressive drugs and different strategies may allow a more targeted approach with a reduction in side-effects and so improve the patient and graft *** autoimmune diseases,transplantation is associated with significant improvement in the quality and length of *** may recur after transplantation and may affect patient and graft survival.

关键词： Liver transplantation Autoimmune disease Recurrence Immunosuppression