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Occupational hand injuries:a current review of the prevalence and proposed prevention strategies for physical therapists and similar healthcare professionals

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第2期16卷 84-89页

作者： Giles Gyer Jimmy Michael james Inklebarger The London College of Osteopathic Medicine 8-10 Boston PlaceLondon NWI 6QHUnited Kingdom

Hand injury is the second most common work-related musculoskeletal injury among physical therapists （PTs） and other manual therapy professionals such as osteopaths, physiotherapists, chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists. However, the nature and extent of this problem have not been fully explored yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the existing literature published on the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention of hand injuries among PTs and similar healthcare professionals. The lifetime prevalence of hand injuries was about 15%-46%, and the annual prevalence was reported as 5%-30%. Thumb injuries were found to be the most prevalent of all injuries, accounting more than 50% of all hand-related problems. The most significant risk factors for job-related hand injuries were performing manual therapy techniques, repetitive workloads, treating many patients per day, continued work while injured or hurt, weakness of the thumb muscles, thumb hypermobility, and instability at the thumb joints. Frs reported modifying treatment technique, taking time off on sick leave, seeking intervention, shifting the specialty area, and decreasing patient contact hours as the major consequences of these injuries. The authors recommend that PTs should develop specific preventive strategies and put more emphasis on the use of aids and equipment to reduce the risk of an unnecessary injury.

关键词： Occupational injuries Public health Physical therapists Occupational therapists Complementary therapies

Resolving display shape dependence issues on tabletops

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第4期4卷 349-365页

作者： james McNaughton Tom Crick Shamus Smith School of Education Durham University Department of Computer Science Swansea University School of Electrical Engineering & Computing Universityof Newcastle(Australia)

Advances in display technologies are transforming the capabilities—and potential applications—of system interfaces. Previously, the overwhelming majority of systems have utilised rectangular displays;this may soon change with digital devices increasingly designed to be ubiquitous and pervasive, to facilitate frictionless human interaction. At present, software is invariably designed assuming it will be used with a display of a specific shape; however, there is an emerging demand for systems built around interacting with tabletop interfaces to be capable of handling a wide range of potential display shapes. In this paper,the design of software for use on a range of differently shaped tabletop displays is considered, proposing a novel but extensible technique that can be used to minimise the influence of the issues of using different display shapes. Furthermore, we present a study that applies the technique to adapt several software applications to several different display shapes.

关键词： visual content management irregular displays screen design multi-touch surfaces tabletop displays ubiquitous computing

Computational Biology Approaches to Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis:Applications for Corals in Times of Climate Change and Environmental Stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 698-703页

作者： M.james C.Crabbe LIRANS Institute for Research in the Applied Natural Sciences Faculty of Creative ArtsTechnologies and ScienceUniversity of BedfordshireLutonUK

Knowledge of factors that are important in reef resilience helps us to understand how reef ecosystems react following major anthropogenic and environmental disturbances. The symbiotic relationship between the photosynthetic zooxanthellae algal cells and corals is that the zooxanthellae provide the coral with carbon, while the coral provides protection and access to enough light for the zooxanthellae to photosynthesise. This article reviews some recent advances in computational biology relevant to photosynthetic organisms, including Beyesian approaches to kinetics, computational methods for flux balances in metabolic processes, and determination of clades of zooxanthallae. Application of these systems will be important in the conservation of coral reefs in times of climate change and environmental stress.

关键词： Computational Biology Approaches to Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis

Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in mangroves of Goa in West India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 515-523页

作者： james D'Souza Bernard Felinov Rodrigues Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403 206 India

Seventeen mangrove species of eight families at seven river- ine and fringe habitats in Goa West India were surveyed for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal diversity. Sixteen species were found to be mycorrhizal and one species showed no AM fungal colonization. AM root colonization was recorded at all seven sites and ranged from 6%-77%. Maximum root colonization was recorded in Excoecaria agal- locha （77%） and minimum colonization in Avicennia marina （6%）. Paris-type colonization was predominant at all sites. Auxiliary cells were recorded in roots of Acanthus ilicifolius, Ceriops tagal and Sonneretia alba. AM fungal root colonization and spore density varied by plant species and site. Site average spore density ranged from 1.84 spores.g^-1 to 0.54 spores.g-1 of soil. In total, 28 AM fungal species of five genera, viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and Entrophospora, were recovered. Glomus was the dominant genus, three species of which were sporocarpic forms. Maximum site species richness （SR） ranged from 16 to 5. Species richness was maximum in A. ilicifolius where seven species of three genera were recovered. Based on relative abun- dance （RA） and isolation frequency （IF）, two common species, viz. G. intraradices and A. laevis, were recovered from all seven sites.

关键词： Glomus intraradices root colonization Paris type sporedensity rhizosphcre

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 837-847页

作者： Joseph MASON james SWINEHART Ronald GOBLE Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison School of Natural Resources IANR University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Geosciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The dune system in Otindag sand field of northern China is sensitive to climate change, where effective moisture and related vegetation cover play a controlling role for dune activity and stability. Therefore, aeolian deposits may be an archive of past environmental changes, possibly at the millennial scale, but previous studies on this topic have rarely been reported. In this study, thirty-five optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of ten representative sand-paleosol profiles in Otindag sand field are ob-tained, and these ages provide a relatively complete and well-dated chronology for wet and dry varia-tions in Holocene. The results indicate that widespread dune mobilization occurred from 9.9 to 8.2 ka, suggesting a dry early Holocene climate. The dunes were mainly stabilized between 8.0 and 2.7 ka, implying a relatively wet climate, although there were short-term penetrations of dune activity during this wet period. After ~2.3 ka, the region became dry again, as inferred from widespread dune activity. The '8.2 ka' cold event and the Little Ice Age climatic deterioration are detected on the basis of the dune records and OSL ages. During the Medieval Warm Period and the Sui-Tang Warm Period (570-770 AD), climate in Otindag sand field was relatively humid and the vegetation was denser, and the sand dunes were stabilized again. These aeolian records may indicate climate changes at millennial time scale during Holocene, and these climatic changes may be the teleconnection to the climate changes elsewhere in the world.

关键词： Otindag sand field OSL dating Holocene drought dune

Matrilinear hierarchy in the American black bear (Ursus americanus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 139-155页

作者： Benjamin KILHAM james R.SPOTILA Kilham Bear Center LymeNew HampshireUSA Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

The American black bear(Ursus americanus)was long thought to be solitary and its social organization has not been well ***,we present new data on black bear social *** objectives of the study were to make detailed observations of the behavior of wild black bears to determine their social interactions and *** tested whether black bears interacted socially beyond mating and competing for resources,if black bears tracked relationships and interacted regularly even when resources were not limited,and whether the social structure of a population of black bears was based on a matrilinear *** collected data by direct observation of bears from 1993 to *** of 1210 social interactions at a provisioning site indicated that females compete and form matrilinear *** bears established a hierarchy for food,control of space,and control of younger *** interaction scent marking took place,which suggested that dominant females were conditioning subordinates to their scent *** behavior occurred between related and unrelated bears and helped to establish the social structure of the bear *** on our data,human–bear conflicts can be reduced by behavioral modifications by humans when they encounter *** of bear behavior and the matrilinear hierarchy provide a basis for non-lethal management of bears that find themselves in a bear–human conflict situation.

关键词： bear matrilinear hierarchy New Hampshire rank social behavior Ursus

Functional Divergence between Subgenomes anc Gene Pairs after Whole Genome Duplications

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 388-397页

作者： Zhikai Liang james C. Schnable Plant Science innovation & Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68503 USA

Gene loss following whole genome duplication （WGD） is often biased, with one subgenome retaining more ancestral genes and the other sustaining more gene deletions. While bias toward the greater expression of gene copies on one subgenome can explain bias in gene loss, this raises the question to what drives differences in gene expression levels between subgenomes. Differences in chromatin modifications and epigenetic markers between subgenomes in several model species are now being identified, providing an explanation for bias in gene expression between subgenomes. WGDs can be classified into duplications with higher, biased gene loss and bias in gene expression between subgenomes versus those with lower, unbiased rates of gene loss and an absence of detectable bias between subgenomes; however, the origi- nally proposed link between these two classes and whether WGD results from an allo- or autopolyploid event is inconsistent with recent data from the allopolyploid Capsella bursa-pastoris. The gene balance hypothesis can explain bias in the functional categories of genes retained following WGD, the difference in gene loss rates between unbiased and biased WGDs, and how plant genomes have avoided being overrun with genes encoding dose-sensitive subunits of multiprotein complexes. Comparisons of gene expression patterns between retained transcription factor pairs in maize suggest the high degree of retention for WGD-derived pairs of transcription factors may instead be explained by the older duplication-degeneration-complementation model.

关键词： whole genome duplication fractionation subgenome polypioidy

Controlling calcium and phosphate ion release of 3D printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds: An in vitro study

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2017年第2期6卷 157-164页

作者： Lukasz WITEK Yang SHI james SMAY Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics College of Dentistry New York University New York NY USA School of Chemical Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Oklahoma State University Tulsa OK USA

This paper characterizes in an in vitro setting the release of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) of 3D printed bioactive ceramic scaffold prepared from extrudable paste containing hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP).Hydroxyapatite and β-TCP were calcined at 800℃ for 11 h,fabricated into four experimental groups (100％ HA,100％ β-TCP,15％/85％ HA/β-TCP,and 15％/85％ HA/β-TCP (design)),sintered to 1100 ℃ for 4 *** and phosphorus concentrations were evaluated using ICP spectroscopy,and the release of Ca and PO4 ions during dissolution of the CaP-based scaffolds was measured by submerging in 0.05 mol/L Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HC1 and maintaining a temperature of 37 ℃.The Ca and PO4 concentrations of the solutions were measured with the utilization of a calcium assay kit and a phosphate assay kit and read in a UV-visible *** 100％ HA scaffold group showed the greatest concentration of Ca ions (～1.9 mg/dL),but ultimately released at a lower amount as time increased;the 100％ HA scaffold also showed the lowest total amount of calcium ions released over the course of *** results for the 100％ β-TCP were on the opposite of the HA with the highest amount of calcium ion release over the *** the PO4 ion release showed a similar trend as those observed with Ca ions with an apparent difference in the 100％ HA scaffold *** was nearly 0 mg/dL of the phosphate ions released in the first 24 h,in comparison to the amount of Ca ions released during the same time *** various formulations can lead to different properties of these bioactive ceramic scaffolds,it is important to understand how the tailoring of this important biphasic material can impact the long-term outcome of an ever-important in vivo clinical trial in the future.

关键词： 3D printing β-TCP scaffolds in vitro calcium phoshpate

Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 158-165页

作者： james S. Park Calvin Pan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York 10016 USA

Hepatitis B remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis B to infants still occurs perinataily although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-tochild transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.

关键词： antiviral therapy Caesarean section cirrhosis hepatitis B irnmunoprophylaxis mother-to-child transmission pregnancy prevention