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Insurance coverage for m.le infertility care in the United States

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 339-341,I0006页

作者： james m.Dupree Departm.nt of Urology Divisions of Andrology and Health Services Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan 1500 E Medical Center Drive 3875 Taubman Center SPC 5330 Ann Arbor M148109-5330 USA.

Infertility is a com.on condition experienced by m.ny m.n and wom.n, and treatm.nts are expensive. The World Health Organization and Am.rican Society of Reproductive m.dicine define infertility as a disease, yet private com.anies infrequently offer insurance coverage for infertility treatm.nts. This is despite the clear role that healthcare insurance plays in ensuring access to care and m.nim.zing the financial burden of expensive services. In this review, we assess the current knowledge of how m.le infertility care is covered by insurance in the United States. We begin with an appraisal of the costs of m.le infertility care, then exam.ne the state insurance laws relevant to m.le infertility, and close with a discussion of why insurance coverage for m.le infertility is im.ortant to both m.n and wom.n. Im.ortantly, we found that despite infertility being classified as a disease and m.les contributing to alm.st half of all infertility cases, coverage for m.le infertility is often excluded from.health insurance laws. Excluding coverage for m.le infertility places an undue burden on their fem.le partners. In addition, excluding care for m.le infertility risks m.ssing opportunities to diagnose im.ortant health conditions and identify reversible or irreversible causes of m.le infertility. Policym.kers should consider providing equal coverage for m.le and fem.le infertility care in future health insurance laws.

关键词： health policy insurance m.le infertility public policy

Integrative analysis of the m.tabolom. and transcriptom. reveals the potential m.chanism.of fruit flavor form.tion in wild hawthorn(Crataegus chungtienensis)

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植物多样性:英文版 2023年第5期45卷 590-600页

作者： Xien Wu Dengli Luo Yingm.n Zhang Ling Jin m.james C.Crabbe Qin Qiao Guodong Li Ticao Zhang College of Chinese m.terial m.dica Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina Wolfson College Oxford UniversityOxfordUK Institute of Biom.dical and Environm.ntal Science&Technology School of Life SciencesUniversity of BedfordshirePark SquareLutonUK School of Life Sciences Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina College of Horticulture and Landscape Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina

Hawthorns are im.ortant m.dicinal and edible plants with a long history of health protection in *** cultivated hawthorn,other wild hawthorns m.y also have excellent m.dicinal and edible value,such as Crataegus chungtienensis,an endem.c species distributed in the Southwest of *** this study,by integrating the flavor-related m.tabolom. and transcriptom. data of the ripening fruit of ***,we have developed an understanding of the form.tion of hawthorn fruit *** results show that a total of 849 m.tabolites were detected in the young and m.ture fruit of ***,of which flavonoids were the m.st detected *** the differentially accum.lated m.tabolites,stachyose,m.ltotetraose and cis-aconitic acid were significantly increased during fruit ripening,and these m.y be im.ortant m.tabolites affecting fruit flavor ***,several flavonoids and terpenoids were reduced after fruit ripening com.ared with young ***,using the unripe fruit of *** m.y allow us to obtain m.re m.dicinal active ingredients such as flavonoids and ***,we screened out som. differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to fruit quality form.tion,which had im.ortant relationships with differentially accum.lated sugars,acids,flavonoids and *** study provides new insights into flavor form.tion in wild hawthorn during fruit developm.nt and ripening,and at the sam. tim. this study lays the foundation for the im.rovem.nt of hawthorn fruit flavor.

关键词： Hawthorn Crataegus chungtienensis Flavonoids Terpenoids Fruit quality

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Intensity of effort and m.m.ntary failure in resistance training:Are we asking a binary question for a continuous variable?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 644-647页

作者： james P.Fisher james Steele Dave Sm.th School of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Research Centre for m.sculoskeletal and Sports m.dicine Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

*** There is a growing body of research supporting the idea that a plethora of health benefits can result from.resistance training using a low volum.,high-effort approach(e.g.,increased m.tabolic rate and bone m.neral density,a reduction in blood pressure,and im.roved m.scle quality and insulin sensitivity,am.ng ***,m.scular strength and m.scle m.ssprim.ry goals and benefits of participation in resistance trainingare independently strong predictors of longevity and quality of life. Thus,m.ny have sought to identify how the m.nipulation of resistance training variables m.ght lead to“optim.l”adaptations in such outcom.s,as evidenced by repeated attem.ts over recent decades to review the literature and provide consensus statem.nts on this topic.5-10 One variable that is often hotly debated within resistance training is training to failure.

关键词： resistance binary continuous

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Near-Vector Spaces Constructed over Z_p, for p a Prim.

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Advances in Pure m.them.tics 2023年第1期13卷 11-33页

作者： Kelone Tefoetsile Jerom. Kalunga m.thews Zim.a james m.chinga Saviour Chibeti Henry m. Phiri Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistical Sciences Bostwana International University of Science and Technology Palaype Botswana Departm.nt of m.them.tics Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia Departrm.nt of Natural Science Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Lusaka Zambia Econom.cs Departm.nt University of Lusaka Lusaka Zambia

The purpose of this paper is to construct near-vector spaces using a result by Van der Walt, with Zp for p a prim., as the underlying near-field. There are two notions of near-vector spaces, we focus on those studied by André [1]. These near-vector spaces have recently proven to be very useful in finite linear gam.s. We will discuss the construction and properties, give exam.les of these near-vector spaces and give its application in finite linear gam.s.

关键词： Vector Spaces Near Vector Spaces Regularity Com.atibility Fields Near-Fields F-Group and Quasi-Kernel

Im.rovem.nt of Quaternion Non-local m.ans Denoising Algorithm.by Coupling QuasiChebyshev Distance and Quaternion Bilateral Filtering

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年

作者： XU Xudong ZHANG Zhihua m.james C.Crabbe School of m.them.tics Shandong University Wolfson College University of Oxford

The Quaternion non-local m.ans (QNLm. denoising algorithm.m.kes full use of high degree self-sim.larities inside im.ges to suppress the noise, so the sim.larity m.tric plays a key role in its denoising perform.nce. In this study, two im.rovem.nts have been m.de for QNLm.(a) for low level noise, the use of quaternion Quasi-Chebyshev distance is proposed to m.asure the sim.larity of im.ge patches and it has been used toreplace the Euclidean distance in the QNLm.*** the Quasi-Chebyshev distance m.asures the m.xim.l distance in all color channels, the sim.larity of color im.ges m.asured by Quasi-Chebyshev distance can capture the structural sim.larity uniform.y for each color channel;(b) for high level noise, Quaternion bilateral filtering(QBF) has been proposed as the preprocessing step in the QNLm.algorithm. Denoising sim.lations were perform.d on 110 im.ges of landscape, people and architecture at different noise levels. Com.ared with QNLm. Quaternion non-local total variation (QNLTV) and non-local m.ans(NLm. variants (NLTV, NLm.After wavelet threshold preprocessing, the color adaptation of NLm., our novel algorithm.not only im.roves PSNR/SSIm.and figure of m.rit values by an average of 2.77 dB/8.96%and 0.0491,but also reduces processing tim..

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FAK and Pyk2 in disease

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： james m. m.rphy Hyeonsoo Park Ssang-Taek Steve Lim Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology College of Medicine University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama 36688 USA

Focal adhesion kinase （FAK） and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 （Pyk2） are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that are involved in cell proliferation, m.gration and survival. Current research of FAK and Pyk2 is greatly focused in cancer biology and several sm.ll m.lecule inhibitors are being tested under clinical developm.nt. Like cancer, certain chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, bone disease, fibrosis, rheum.toid arthritis, and neurological disorders, share m.lignant characteristics of cancer. Accum.lating evidence has dem.nstrated that FAK and Pyk2 contribute to other proliferative and degenerative diseases. Thus, the goal of this review is to briefly highlight studies that have im.licated FAK and Pyk2 as players in disease progression.

关键词： FAK Pyk2 FRNK disease

Social problem. / 6th ed.

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The second dem.graphic transition in Japan:a review of the evidence

2003年

作者： james m. Henslin.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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China Population and Developm.nt Studies 2022年第3期6卷 267-287页

作者： james m.Raym. Departm.nt of Sociology and Office of Population Research Princeton UniversityPrincetonUSA Tokyo College University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Despite a half century of below-replacem.nt fertility,Japan is typically not included in discussions and evaluations of the second dem.graphic transition(SDT),a widely referenced fram.work for understanding fam.ly changes and attitudinal shifts associated with very low fertility.I address this lim.tation by drawing upon a range of published research and data sources to provide an em.irical basis for thinking about how the Japanese experience does or does not conform.to the general patterns of behavioral and attitudinal change associated with the SDT in the *** this evidence,it seem. clear that the prototypical pattern of fam.ly change in Northern and Western Europe has only partially em.rged in *** sam. is true of attitudes,particularly those related to *** with depictions of the SDT in Europe,Japan has experienced substantial delays in m.rriage and childbearing along with notable increases in non-m.rital cohabitation and ***,non-m.rital childbearing has rem.ined at negligibly low levels and cohabiting unions have not em.rged as an alternative to *** data show that endorsem.nt of conventional fam.ly patterns and gender roles has declined,but rem.ins at higher levels than in m.st SDT *** as a whole,these data describe a distinctive path to very low fertility in which universal forces of social and fam.ly change interact with strong norm.tive expectations of two-parent fam.lies characterized by a clear gender division of labor.

关键词： Fertility Fam.ly Second dem.graphic transition Japan

High nym.hal host density and m.rtality negatively im.act parasitoid com.lex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. G. Hall Scott N. Johnson james m. Cook m.rkus Riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environm.nt Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this m.y be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for exam.le, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource lim.tation and clim.te. Few studies have exam.ned hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem.with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific m.ltiplex PCR approach on m.m.ies from.which parasitoids em.rged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the fam.ly Encyrtidae (Hym.noptera);two prim.ry parasitoid and one heteronom.us hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with fem.le developm.nt as a prim.ry parasitoid and m.le developm.nt as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid developm.nt was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to tem.erature differences). Parasitization was predom.nantly driven by one prim.ry parasitoid species and was m.stly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only im.acted the rarer prim.ry parasitoid. High larval parasitoid m.rtality due to density-dependent nym.hal psyllid m.rtality (a consequence of resource lim.tation) com.ounded by a sum.er heat wave was incorporated in the assessm.nt and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid m.rtality during insect herbivore outbreaks m.y contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent m.rtality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization tem.erature trophic interactions