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The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair performance in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 298-304页

作者： james m. R. Bullock Walter Federle Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge UK

Natural adhesive systems are adapted to attach to rough surfaces, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Attachment forces for the beetle Gastrophysa viridula were recorded on epoxy casts of surfaces with different roughness using a centrifuge device. Replicas were made of standardized polishing paper with asperity sizes ranging from 0.05 to 30 μm and of dock leaves （Rumex obtusifolius）. Beetles adhered with a safety factor of up to 36 times body weight on smooth substrates or on casts of leaves of their host plant. On the rough substrates, forces were much lower and a minimum at small scale roughness （0.05μm asperity size, with a mean safety factor of S） was observed. Removal of the claws led to a significant reduction in force for rough substrates with asperity sizes ≥ 12 μm. Attachment forces of the hairy adhesive system itself（without the claws） slightly increased from small-scale to large-scale surface roughness, but remained below the level seen on the smooth substrate. This is explained by the inability of setal tips to make full contact to the surface.

关键词： adhesion biomechanics claws locomotion roughness tribology

Seismic behavior assessment for design of integral abutment bridges in Illinois

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2022年第2期21卷 573-589页

作者： Derek L.Kozak Larry A.Fahnestock james m.LaFave KPFF Consulting Engineers Inc 1601 Fifth AvenueSuite 1600SeattleWA 98101USA Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ.of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Integral abutment bridges(IABs)minimize deterioration and degradation of the abutment seats and bearings due to water,dirt,and deicing chemicals by eliminating bearings and expansion *** the continuity between superstructure and abutments in an IAB is beneficial for reducing maintenance costs,it leads to more complex behavior under strength and service loading(temperature and traffic)and extreme loading(earthquake).The coupling of superstructure and substructure behavior necessitates system-level analysis of *** seismic IAB studies have typically investigated the behavior of individual IAB components,however a gap of knowledge has developed due to the lack of studies and investigation about the behavior of all IAB components and their interactions with each other in a single analysis *** study uses nonlinear static and dynamic analyses to investigate and assess the seismic behavior of IABs typical to the state of *** analyses aim to bridge the gap of knowledge by evaluating IABs as a whole and utilizing the results to indicate potential vulnerabilities in the design and construction of IABs in Illinois during design-level and larger seismic events,which could not be identified by component-level IAB analyses alone.

关键词： structural analysis seismic design bridge design structural models seismic analysis

most ankle sprain research is either false or clinically unimportant:A 30-year audit of randomized controlled trials

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 523-529页

作者： Chris m.Bleakley mark matthews james m.Smoliga School of Health Science Ulster UniversityCounty AntrimNorthern IrelandBT370QBUK School of Sport Ulster UniversityCounty AntrimNorthern IrelandBT370QBUK Department of Physical Therapy Congdon School of Health ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC 27268USA

Background:Lateral ankle sprain is the most common musculoskeletal *** clinical research in this field is growing,there is a broader concern that clinical trial outcomes are often false and fail to translate into patient ***:We audited 30 years of experimental research related to lateral ankle sprain management(n=74 randomized controlled trials)to determine if reports of treatment effectiveness could be validated beyond statistical ***:A total of 77%of trials reported positive treatment effects,but there was a high risk of false *** trials were unregistered and relied solely on statistical significance,or lack of statistical significance,rather than on interpreting key measures of minimum clinical importance(e.g.,minimal detectable change,minimal clinically important difference).Conclusion:Future clinical trials must adopt higher standards of reporting and data *** includes consideration of the ethical responsibility to preregister their research and interpretation of clinical outcomes beyond statistical significance.

关键词： Ankle sprain False discovery mCID mDC

Effect of wall rougheners on cross-sectional flow characteristics for non-spherical particles in a horizontal rotating cylinder

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Particuology 2014年第1期12卷 44-53页

作者： Guang Lu james R.Third Christoph R.müller ETH Zürich Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Institute of Energy Technology Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering8092 Zürich Switzerland

Discrete-element-method （DEm） simulations have been performed to investigate the cross-sectional flow of non-spherical particles in horizontal rotating cylinders with and without wall rougheners. The non-spherical particles were modeled using the three-dimensional super-quadric equation. The influence of wall rougheners on flow behavior of grains was studied for increasing particle blockiness. moreover, for approximately cubic particles （squareness parameters [555]）, the rotational speed, gravitational acceleration and particle size were altered to investigate the effect of wall rougheners under a range of operating conditions. For spherical and near-spherical particles （approximately up to the squareness parameters [344]）, wall rougheners are necessary to prevent slippage of the bed against the cylinder wall. For highly cubic particle geometries （squareness parameters larger than [3441）, wall rougheners resulted in a counter-intuitive decrease in the angle of repose of the bed. In addition, wall rougheners employed in this study were demonstrated to have a higher impact on bed dynamics at higher rotational speeds and lower gravitational accelerations. Nevertheless, using wall rougheners had a comparatively small influence on particle-flow characteristics for a bed composed of finer grains.

关键词： Granular flowNon-spherical particlesRotating cylinderDiscrete element method (DEm)Kiln

Long-term differences in urinary, bowel and sexual function among men treated with surgery versus radiation for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 443-444页

作者： Justin D EHett james S Rosoff Sandip m Prasad Department of Urology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC 29425 USA and Section of Urology Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston SC 29401 USA

surgery and radiation have both been shown to increase the longterm diseasespecific survival rate for men with din icaUy localized prostate cancer. Although both modalities have demonstrated favor able effects on cancer control, questions regarding quality of life （QoL） and func tional outcomes remain incompletely answered. To date, no randomized prospective trials have been performed comparing the two treatment modalities and so indirect compar isons of longterm functional outcomes have served as a substitute to aid in patient coun seling and decisionmaking. As there is a pau city of longterm data comparing functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy, a recent art icle by Resnick et al.,1 has attempted to pro vide additional information about this topic in terms of continence, erectile function and bowel function. Utilizing the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study cohort, a populationbased cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the pro statespecific antigen （PSA） era, the authors compared rates of urinary incontinence, erect ile dysfunction, and bowel urgency at 2, 5 and 15 years after primary therapy. They showed that men undergoing prostatectomy had higher rates of incontinence and erectile dys function at 2 and 5 years, but these rates were similar to those in the radiotherapy group at 15 years. more specifically, men were approxi mately five times more likely to have urinary continence issues if they underwent prostatec tomv versus radiotherapy and almost three anda half times more likely to develop erectile dys function in the short to intermediateterm following primary treatment. As expected, rates of bowel urgency were higher in the radio therapy group at 2 and 5 years, but not sig nificantly different from the surgery group at 15 years. In addition, the authors note that the rate of incontinence and erectile function pro gressively worsened over time, regardless of primary treatment modality. At 15 years of foll

关键词： Long-term bowel sexual function

Generating high-resolution climate maps from sparse and irregular observations using a novel hybrid RBF network

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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 1120-1145页

作者： Yue Han Zhihua Zhang m.james C.Crabbe Climate modeling Laboratory School of MathematicsShandong UniversityJinanChina mOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Wolfson College Oxford UniversityOxfordUK

Sparse and irregular climate observations in many developing countries are not enough to satisfy the need of assessing climate change risks and planning suitable mitigation *** wideused statistical downscaling model(SDSm)software tools use multi-linear regression to extract linear relations between largescale and local climate variables and then produce high-resolution climate maps from sparse climate *** latest machine learning techniques(***,SRGAN)can extract nonlinear links,but they are only suitable for downscaling low-resolution grid data and cannot utilize the link to other climate variables to improve the downscaling *** this study,we proposed a novel hybrid RBF(Radial Basis Function)network by embedding several RBF networks into new RBF *** model can well incorporate climate and topographical variables with different resolutions and extract their nonlinear relations for spatial *** test the performance of our model,we generated high-resolution precipitation,air temperature and humidity maps from 34 meteorological stations in *** terms of three statistical indicators,the accuracy of high-resolution climate maps generated by our hybrid RBF network clearly outperformed those using a multi-linear regression(mLR),Kriging interpolation or a pure RBF network.

关键词： Hybrid RBF network climate map sparse observed climate data high resolution

Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： james m.Fitton martin Lehmann David C.major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： Climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

STUDIES OF THE ANTENNA EFFECT IN POLYmER mOLECULES ENERGY mIGRATION AND TRAPPING IN NAPHTHALENE-CONTAINING POLYELECTROLYTES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1998年第3期16卷 261-267页

作者： GUILLET james Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada

Polymers of 1- and 2-vinylnaphthalene containing more than about 50 mol% sulfonic acid groups dissolve in water to form 'hypercoiled' conformations which have many of the properties of micelles. Hydrophobic molecules such as anthracene and perylene are selectively absorbed in these pseudo micellar structures, and their fluorescence emission is sensitized by energy transfer from the surrounding naphthalene chromophores. When irradiated with UV light in the presence of oxygen, the emission of perylene rapidly decreases. It is proposed that this is due to reaction of singlet oxygen with the perylene trapped in the hypercoiled polymer. (Author abstract) 3 Refs.

关键词： Sulfonated vinyl naphthalene polymers Transport of excitation energy Anthracene Perylene Tripping

Omeprazole induces gastric transmucosal permeability to the peptide bradykinin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： melissa Gabello mary Carmen Valenzano E Peter Zurbach james m mullin Lankenau Institute for medical Research 100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States Department of Biology Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Department of Chemistry Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIm:To investigate omeprazole-induced transepithelial gastric leak and its effects on the permeability of the peptides bradykinin and ***:Rat gastric corpus tissue was isolated and mounted in an Ussing chamber apparatus to evaluate the permeability of 3H-bradykinin,3H-oxytocin,and 14CEDTA in the presence or absence of *** chromatography was performed to identify any metabolic breakdown products of the peptides resulting from permeation through the gastric tissue,and thereby calculate the true flux of the ***:The flux rate ofintact 3H-bradykinin increased substantially after omeprazole addition (109.5%) compared to the DmSO vehicle control (14%).No corresponding change in flux ofintact 3H-oxytocin was observed under the same conditions (11.9% and 6.4% in the DmSO-and omeprazole-treated conditions,respectively).After exposure to omeprazole,the flux rate of 14C-EDTA also increased dramatically (122.3%) compared to the DmSO condition (36.3%).CONCLUSION:The omeprazole-induced gastric leak allows for transmucosal permeability to charged molecules as well as *** induced leak will allow certain peptides to permeate.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitor Paracellular Drug delivery Tight junction Transepithelial