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Watershed science:linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第5期64卷 677-690页

作者： Chansheng HE l.Allan james department of Geography Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooM149008USA Center for dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education)College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China department of Geography University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Over the past decades,a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes,such as ecohydrology,global hydrology,sociohydrology,supply management,demand management,and integrated water resources management(IWRM).At the same time,rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing,mapping,remote sensing,machine learning,and modelling technologies in hydrological *** those programs and advancements,a water crisis is intensifying *** missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable development Goals(SdGs)at multiple spatial *** the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management,watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing *** study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management,and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water ***,it describes the core components of watershed science:(1)hydrological analysis;(2)water-operation policies;(3)governance;(4)management and *** framework takes into account water availability,water uses,and water quality;explicitly focuses on the storage,fluxes,and quality of the hydrological cycle;defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework;and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources *** provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SdGs.

关键词： Water crisis Hydrology Watershed science Integrated water resources management(IWRM)

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A new direction for Alzheimer's research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 190-193页

作者： james d.Weinstein Marshall University School of Medicine Medical Center

despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed. The first change is that Alzheimer＇s disease must be considered a disease of four major pathological processes, not one. The four processes are： 1） vascular hy- poperfusion of the brain with associated mitochondrial dysfunction, 2） destructive protein inclusions, 3） uncontrolled oxidative stress, and 4） proinflammatory immune processes second- ary to microglial and astrocytic dysfunction in the brain. The second change recommended is to alter the standard cognitive measurement tools used to quantify mental decline in test patients. Specifically the dementia Severity Rating Scale （dSRS） should supersede Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and other popular tests, and a measurement scale developed in research should be used to produce a linear and non-irregular baseline. Finally, accepting the concept that four etiologies cause Alzheimer＇s disease leads to the last necessary change, that new thera- pies must be employed directed against all four causes, likely as a combination. There are drugs ready to be employed in such a combinations which are available and used clinically for other purposes so can be used ＂offlabel＂ and one such combination is suggested.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease etiologies combination therapy cognitive testing failed research off-label use dementia Severity Rating Scale

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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGIlVIE leslie A.KING Noel KEENlYSIdE François COUNIllON Brynhildur dAVIÐSdÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GUlEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK james R.MCGOOdWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Time-dependent viscoelastic properties along rat small intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第32期11卷 4974-4978页

作者： james B smith Jing-Bo Zhao Yan-ling dou Hans Gregersen Institute of Experimental Clinical Research Aarhus University Denmark Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital and Center of SMI Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark department of Gastroenterology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China

AIM： To measure the time-dependent （viscoelastic） behavior in the change of the small intestinal opening angle and to test how well the behavior could be described by the Kelvin model for a standard linear solid. METHOdS： Segments from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were harvested from 10 female Wistar rats and the luminal diameter, wall thickness, and opening angle over time （θ（t）） were measured from rings cut from these segments. RESUlTS： Morphometric variations were found along the small intestine with an increase in luminal area and a decrease in wall thickness from the duodenum to the ileum. The opening angle obtained after 60 rain was highest in the duodenum （220.8±12.9°）and decreased along the length of the intestine to 143.9±8.9° in the jejunum and 151.4±9.4° in the ileum. The change of opening angle as a function of time, fitted well to the Kelvin model using the equation θ（t）/θo = [1-ηexp （-λt）] after the ring was cut. The computed creep rate λ. did not differ between the segments. Compared to constant calculated from pig aorta and coronary artery, it showed that α agreed well （within 5%）, η was three times larger than that for vascular tissue, and λ ranged ±40% from the value of the pig coronary artery and was a third of the value of pig aorta. CONClUSION： The change of opening angle over time for all the small intestine segments fits well to the standard linear spring-dashpot model. This viscoelastic constant of the rat small intestine is fairly homogenous along its length. The data obtained from this study add to a base set of biomechanical data on the small intestine and provide a reference state for comparison to other tissues,diseased intestinal tissue or intestinal tissue exposed to drugs or chemicals.

关键词： Biomechanics Standard linear solid Creep Opening angle

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design of soft magnetic materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 17-26页

作者： Ananya Renuka Balakrishna Richard d.james Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA Aerospace and Engineering Mechanics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA

We present a strategy for the design of ferromagnetic materials with exceptionally low magnetic hysteresis,quantified by *** this strategy,we use a micromagnetic algorithm that we have developed in previous research and which has been validated by its success in solving the“Permalloy Problem”—the well-known difficulty of predicting the composition 78.5%Ni of the lowest coercivity in the Fe–Ni system—and by the insight it provides into the“Coercivity Paradox”of ***,the design strategy predicts that cubic materials with large saturation magnetization ms and large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant κ_(1) will have low coercivity on the order of that of Permalloy,as long as the magnetostriction constantsλ_(100),λ_(111)are tuned to special *** explicit prediction for a cubic material with low coercivity is the dimensionless number(c_(11)−c_(12))λ_(100)^(2)/(2_(κ_(1)))=81 for〈100〉easy *** results would seem to have broad potential application,especially to magnetic materials of interest in energy research.

关键词： magnetic cubic exceptional

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Abiotic and biotic constituents of oil sands process-affected waters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 169-186页

作者： Nora A.S.Hussain james l.Stafford department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2N8Canada

The oil sands in Northern Alberta are the largest oil sands in the world,providing an important economic resource for the Canadian energy *** extraction of petroleum in the oil sands begins with the addition of hot water to the bituminous sediment,generating oil sands process-affected water(OSPW),which is acutely toxic to *** of litres of OSPW are stored on oil sands mining leased sites in man-made reservoirs called tailings *** the volume of OSPW increases,concerns arise regarding the reclamation and eventual release of this water back into the *** is composed of a complex and heterogeneous mix of components that vary based on factors such as company extraction techniques,age of the water,location,and bitumen ore ***,the effective remediation of OSPW requires the consideration of abiotic and biotic constituents within it to understand short and long term effects of treatments *** review summarizes selected chemicals and organisms in these waters and their interactions to provide a holistic perspective on the physiochemical and microbial dynamics underpinning OSPW.

关键词： OSPW toxicants Reclamation Tailings ponds Remediation Microbial AOPs Bioremediation

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Immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines in prostate cancer： an update on current strategies and clinical implications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 364-371页

作者： B Harpreet Singh james l Gulley Medical Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda Maryland USA

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a viable and attractive strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. While there are multiple ways to target the immune system, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been most successful in late-stage clinical trials. The landmark Food and drug Administration approval of sipuleuceI-T for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer set the stage for ongoing phase III trials with the cancer vaccine PSA-TRICOM and the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. A common feature of these immune-based therapies is the appearance of improved overall survival without short-term changes in disease progression. This class effect appears to be due to modulation of tumor growth rate kinetics, in which the activated immune system exerts constant immunologic pressure that slows net tumor growth. Emerging data suggest that the ideal population for clinical trials of cancer vaccines is patients with lower tumor volume and less aggressive disease. Combination strategies that combine immunotherapy with standard therapies have been shown to augment both immune response and clinical benefit.

关键词： androgen deprivation immunotherapy prostate cancer therapeutic cancer vaccines

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Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in mangroves of Goa in West India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 515-523页

作者： james d'Souza Bernard Felinov Rodrigues department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403 206 India

Seventeen mangrove species of eight families at seven river- ine and fringe habitats in Goa West India were surveyed for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal diversity. Sixteen species were found to be mycorrhizal and one species showed no AM fungal colonization. AM root colonization was recorded at all seven sites and ranged from 6%-77%. Maximum root colonization was recorded in Excoecaria agal- locha （77%） and minimum colonization in Avicennia marina （6%）. Paris-type colonization was predominant at all sites. Auxiliary cells were recorded in roots of Acanthus ilicifolius, Ceriops tagal and Sonneretia alba. AM fungal root colonization and spore density varied by plant species and site. Site average spore density ranged from 1.84 spores.g^-1 to 0.54 spores.g-1 of soil. In total, 28 AM fungal species of five genera, viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and Entrophospora, were recovered. Glomus was the dominant genus, three species of which were sporocarpic forms. Maximum site species richness （SR） ranged from 16 to 5. Species richness was maximum in A. ilicifolius where seven species of three genera were recovered. Based on relative abun- dance （RA） and isolation frequency （IF）, two common species, viz. G. intraradices and A. laevis, were recovered from all seven sites.

关键词： Glomus intraradices root colonization Paris type sporedensity rhizosphcre

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Special issue on “Molecular Sensors and Molecular logic Gates”

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 1-3页

作者： luling Wu Tony d.james department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUK

This issue of Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering highlights recent progress toward fluorescent probes that was originally conceived to coincide with 7th Conference on Molecular Sensors and Molecular logic Gates(MSMlG 2020)to celebrate the career of Seiji Shinkai and hosted by Anthony Czarnik at the University of Nevada in ***,that meeting was cancelled due to the pandemic associated with ***,this collection of research and review papers will now serve as an introduction to MSMlG 2022 which will be in dublin,Ireland on 7–10 June 2022,where Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson will be the local *** collection of papers contained in this special issue covers in vitro and in vivo applications and illustrates the potential for practical sensing and imaging of disease-related species.

关键词： Sensors logic Molecular

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Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun smith Joseph Meade james Gibbons Kevina Mc Gill declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCd School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

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