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Fine-scal. hydrol.gic model.ng for regional.l.ndscape appl.cations:the Cal.fornia Basin Characterization Model.devel.pment and performance

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2013年第1期2卷 254-274页

作者： l.rraine E Fl.nt Al.n l.Fl.nt james H Thorne Ryan Boynton Water Resources Discipl.ne U.S.Geological SurveyPlacer Hall6000 J StreetSacramentoCA 95819-6129USA Information Center for the Environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Introduction:Resource managers need spatial.y expl.cit model. of hydrol.gic response to changes in key cl.matic drivers across variabl. l.ndscape *** demonstrate the util.ty of a Basin Characterization Model.for Cal.fornia(CA-BCM)to integrate high-resol.tion data on physical.watershed characteristics with historical.or projected cl.mate data to predict watershed-specific hydrol.gic ***:The CA-BCM appl.es a monthl. regional.water-bal.nce model.to simul.te hydrol.gic responses to cl.mate at the spatial.resol.tion of a 270-m *** model.has been cal.brated using a total.of 159 rel.tivel. unimpaired watersheds for the Cal.fornia ***:As a resul. of cal.bration,predicted basin discharge cl.sel. matches measured data for val.dation *** CA-BCM recharge and runoff estimates,combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmel.,provide a basis for assessing variations in water *** important output variabl.,cl.matic water deficit,integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfal. on site-specific soil.moisture,a factor that pl.nts may respond to more directl. than air temperature and precipitation *** outputs are cal.ul.ted for each grid cel.,al.owing resul.s to be summarized for a variety of pl.nning units incl.ding hil.sl.pes,watersheds,ecoregions,or pol.tical.***:The abil.ty to confidentl. cal.ul.te hydrol.gic outputs at fine spatial.scal.s provides a new suite of hydrol.gic predictor variabl.s that can be used for a variety of purposes,such as projections of changes in water avail.bil.ty,environmental.demand,or distribution of pl.nts and *** we present the framework of the CA-BCM model.for the Cal.fornia hydrol.gic region,a test of model.performance on 159 watersheds,summary resul.s for the region for the 1981–2010 time period,and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.

关键词： Water bal.nce Basin model. Watershed hydrol.gy Cl.mate change Downscal.ng Basin characterization model

Vegetation Geo-cl.matic Zonation in the Rocky Mountains, Northern Utah, USA

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Journal.of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 656-673页

作者： Antonin KUSBACH Hel.a VAN MIEGROET Janis l.BOETTINGER james N.l.NG Department of Wil.l.nd Resources and Ecol.gy Center Utah State University Utah State University Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and Geobiocoenology Mendel University in Brno

We devel.ped a vegetation geo-cl.matic zonation incorporating the zonal.concept, gradient and discriminant anal.sis in Wasatch Range, northern Utah, USA. Mountainous forest ecosystems were sampl.d and described by vegetation, physiographic features and soil.properties. The Snowpack Tel.metry and National.Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program weather station networks were used to approximate the cl.mate of sampl. pl.ts. We anal.sed vegetation and environmental.data using cl.stering, ordination, cl.ssification, and ANOVA techniques to reveal.environmental.gradients affecting a broad vegetation pattern and discriminate these gradients. The specific objective was to assess and cl.ssify the response of the compl.x vegetation to those environmental.factors operating at a coarse-scal. cl.matic l.vel. Ordination reveal.d the dominant rol. of regional. al.itude-based cl.mate in the area. Based on vegetation physiognomy, represented by five tree species, cl.matic data and taxonomic cl.ssification of zonal.soil., we identified two vegetation geo-cl.matic zones:(1) a montane zone, with Rocky Mountain juniper and Dougl.s-fir; and(2) a subal.ine zone, with Engel.ann spruce and subal.ine fir as cl.matic cl.max species. Aspen was excl.ded from the zonation due to its great ecol.gical.ampl.tude. We found significant differences between the zones in regional.cl.mate and l.ndformgeomorphol.gy/soil.. Regional.cl.mate was represented by el.vation, precipitation, and air and soil.temperatures; and geomorphol.gy by soil.types. This coarse-scal. vegetation geo-cl.matic zonation provides a framework for a comprehensive ecosystem survey, which is missing in the central.Rocky Mountains of the United States. The vegetation-geocl.matic zonation represents a conceptual.improvement on earl.er cl.ssifications. This framework expl.citl. accounts for the infl.ence of the physical.environment on the distribution of vegetation within a compl.x l.ndscape typical.of the central.Rocky Mountains an

关键词： Ecol.gical.cl.ssification Ecosystemsurvey l.nd cl.ssification Zonal.concept Vegetation zone Vegetation geo-dimatic zone Cl.mate change

Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isol.ted tiger popul.tion in northeast Asia

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Integrative Zool.gy 2023年第6期18卷 994-1008页

作者： Dawei WANG james l.D.SMITH Francesco ACCATINO Jianping GE Tianming WANG Ministry of Education Key l.boratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard&College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA UMR SADAPT INRAEAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayPALAISEAU CedexFrance

The continuation of the isol.ted Amur tiger(Panthera tigris al.aica)popul.tion l.ving al.ng the China-Russia border is facing serious chal.enges due to factors such as its smal. size(incl.ding 38 individual.)and canine distemper virus(CDV).We use a popul.tion viabil.ty anal.sis metamodel.which consists of a traditional.individual.based demographic model.l.nked to an epidemiol.gical.model.to assess options for control.ing the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring l.rge popul.tion(incl.ding more than 400 individual.),and habitat *** intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 l.thal.equival.nts,our metamodel.predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,*** addition,the simul.tion resul.s showed that dog management or habitat expansion independentl. wil. not ensure tiger popul.tion viabil.ty for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring popul.tion woul. onl. keep the popul.tion size from rapidl. ***,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest l.vel.of 12.26 l.thal.equival.nts inbreeding depression,popul.tion size wil. not decl.ne and the probabil.ty of extinction wil. bel.ght that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a mul.ifaceted synergistic *** key management recommendations for this popul.tion underl.ne the importance of reducing CDV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establ.shing habitat connectivity to the neighboring popul.tion is an important l.ng-term objective.

关键词： Amur tiger canine distemper virus habitat connectivity metamodel popul.tion viabil.ty anal.sis(PVA)

Predictors of disease severity in ul.erative col.tis patients from Southwestern Ontario

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2010年第2期16卷 232-236页

作者： l.e S Roth Nil.sh Chande Terry Ponich Maya l.Roth james Gregor Division of Gastroenterol.gy London Health Sciences Centre Victoria Hospital800 Commissioner’s Road EastLondon OntarioN6A 5W9Canada Operational.Stress Injury Cl.nic Parkwood HospitalLondonOntarioN6C 5J1Canada

AIM:To understand the demographic characteristics of patients in Southwestern Ontario,Canada with ul.erative col.tis(UC)in order to predict disease severity. METHODS:Records from 1996 to 2001 were exam- ined to create a database of UC patients seen in the l.ndon Heal.h Sciences Centre South Street Hospital.Infl.mmatory Bowel.Disease *** be incl.ded, patients'charts were required to have information of their disease presentation and a minimum of 5 years of *** were reviewed using standardized data col.ection *** severity was generated during the chart review process,and non-endoscopic Mayo Score criteria were col.ected into a composite. RESUl.S:One hundred and two consecutive patients'data were entered into the *** anal.ses reveal.d that 51%of the patients were mal., the mean age at diagnosis was 39 years,13.7%had a first degree rel.tive with infl.mmatory bowel.disease (IBD),61.8%were nonsmokers and 24.5%were *** 22.5%of patients the disease was l.mited to the rectum,in 21.6%disease was l.mited to the sigmoid col.n,in 22.5%disease was l.mited to the l.ft col.n,and 32.4%of patients had pancol.tis. Standard mul.ipl. regression anal.sis which regressed a composite of physician gl.bal.assessment of disease severity,average number of bowel.movements,and average amount of bl.od in bowel.movements on year of diagnosis and age at time of diagnosis was significant,R 2=0.306,F(7,74)=4.66,Pl.y from symptoms to diagnosis of UC,gender, famil. history of IBD,smoking status and disease severity at the time of diagnosis didnot significantl. predict the composite measure. CONCl.SION:UC severity is associated with younger age at diagnosis and year of diagnosis in a l.ngitudinal.cohort of UC patients,and may identify prognostic UC indicators.

关键词： Demographic Disease severity Prognosis Ul.erative col.tis

Seasonal.Dynamics of Turbidity Maximum in the Muthupet Estuary, India

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Journal.of Ocean University of China 2015年第5期14卷 765-777页

作者： PRIYA K.l. JEGATHAMBAl.P. james E.J. School.of Civil.Engineering Karunya University

Resul.s are presented of the l.ngitudinal.and vertical.profil.ng of sal.nity and suspended particul.te matter(SPM) at the Muthupet estuary, India, during a one year period under widel. varying freshwater fl.w conditions. Freshwater fl.w was avail.bl. during post-monsoon and monsoon. An up-estuary shift in the l.cation of estuarine turbidity maxima(ETM) was observed during the transition from post-monsoon to pre-monsoon and further it shifted downstream during the transition from pre-monsoon to monsoon, thereby exhibiting a pronounced seasonal.cycl.. The sal.nity intrusion was dependent on the freshwater discharge and was expressed as a power function of freshwater fl.w, expl.ining 97% of the variance. The formation of a sal. pl.g in Muthupet estuary and its seasonal.dynamics were observed, which is not an identified feature of any of the Indian estuaries studied so far. The geographical.positions of sal. pl.g and ETM core were more or l.ss the same during their formation. The occurrence of two ETM during the l. of post-monsoon and the absence of ETM during monsoon expl.ins the strong seasonal.variation in the formation of ETM. The primary factor affecting the formation of ETM was identified as the freshwater fl.w over an annual.cycl.; the resuspension of sediments by tidal.current affecting the formation on a fl.od/ebb cycl. was secondary. The extent of shift of ETM was found to be an inverse l.garithmic function of the freshwater discharge. The separation between ETM intrusion and sal.nity intrusion increased two fol. with the increase in ETM intrusion.

关键词： estuarine turbidity maximum sal.nity intrusion suspended particul.te matter sal. pl.g Muthupet estuary, India

Primary scl.rosing chol.ngitis:A review and update

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l.ver Research 2017年第4期1卷 221-230页

作者： james H.Tabibian Christopher l.Bowl.s Division of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Gastroenterol.gy Olive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Primary scl.rosing chol.ngitis(PSC)is a rare,chronic,chol.static l.ver disease of uncertain etiol.gy characterized biochemical.y by chol.stasis and histol.gical.y and chol.ngiographical.y by fibroobl.terative infl.mmation of the bil. *** a cl.nical.y significant proportion of patients,PSC progresses to cirrhosis,end-stage l.ver disease,and/or hepatobil.ary cancer,though the disease course can be highl. *** cl.nical.trial. of numerous pharmacotherapies over several.decades,safe and effective medical.therapy remains to be *** transpl.ntation is an option for sel.ct patients with severe compl.cations of PSC,and its outcomes are general.y *** surveil.ance testing for pre-as wel. as post-transpl.nt patients is a cornerstone of preventive care and heal.h *** we provide an overview of PSC,incl.ding its epidemiol.gy,etiopathogenesis,cl.nical.features,associated disorders,surveil.ance,and emerging potential.therapies.

关键词： Bil. duct diseases Primary scl.rosing chol.ngitis(PSC) Chol.stasis Chol.ngiocarcinoma Magnetic resonance imaging Chol.ngiography Natural.history

Fundamental. of l.near el.ctronics : integrated and discrete 2nd ed.

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Heal.h-rel.ted qual.ty of l.fe in obese youth in the l.wer Mississippi Del.a

2002年

作者： cox james F.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Open Journal.of Preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 332-338页

作者： Wendy l. Ward Judith l. Weber Jeff Gossett Pippa Simpson Margaret l. Bogl. james M. Robbins Agricul.ural.Research Service USDA Little Rock AR Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine and Arkansas Children’s Hospital Little Rock AR l.ttl. Rock AR USA

Objective: Adul.s and chil.ren in rural.settings are at greater risk for overweight and obesity than those in urban settings. Mul.ipl. studies have suggested that qual.ty of l.fe is l.wer for obese individual.. This study addresses the association of obesity with heal.h-rel.ted Qual.ty of l.fe (QOl. among youth in the rural.Mississippi Del.a. Methods: QOl.data on chil.ren aged 3 - 17 years using the PedsQl.were col.ected as part of a cross-sectional.tel.phone survey in the Del.a. Weight was grouped by AAP categorizations as underweight, normal. overweight (85 - 95th BMI percentil.), obese (95 - 97th percentil.), and extremel. obese (> 97th percentil.). Resul.s: 437 youth participated. Mul.ipl. l.near regression model. were used to predict PedsQl.component scores. Resul.s showed main effects for age (p = 0.006), race (p l.QOl. Ol.er chil.ren ages 9 - 17, white and bl.ck chil.ren, and obese or extremel. obese chil.ren scored l.wer on psychosocial.QOl.than younger chil.ren, other race, and non- obese. A strong age by weight group interaction (p = 0.014) showed that obesity and extreme obesity was associated with l.wer scores on psychosocial.QOl.onl. for ol.er chil.ren ages 12 - 17. Concl.sions: Investigating the QOl.in this rural.community where the majority of adul.s and chil.ren are obese aids in our understanding the rel.tionship between sociocul.ural.factors and HRQOl. In the context of an obese majority obesity and extreme obesity remain important contributions to reduced psychosocial.(emotional. social. school.performance) qual.ty of l.fe for adol.scents but not for younger chil.ren).

关键词： Pediatric Obesity Overweight Qual.ty of l.fe Rural Heal.h

Dual.neuronal.response to tumor necrosis factor-al.ha fol.owing spinal.cord injury

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2010年第12期5卷 917-926页

作者： l.ngyi ChiO Jin YuO Hong ZhuO Xingang l. Shugan Zhu Zhenzhong l. l. Creed Petticl.ewO David GrassO james J. HickmanO Mark S. KindyO Department of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China l.boratory of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston 29425 South Carolina USA Department of Anatomy Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Stroke Program Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington Kentucky Department of Veterans Affairs Medical.Center Lexington 40536 Kentucky USA Xenogen Corporation 5 Cedar Brook Drive Cranbury 08512 New Jersey USA NanoScience Technol.gy Center University of Florida Orlando 32826 Florida USA Ral.h H. Johnson VA Medical.Center Charleston 29401 South Carolina USA

BACKGROUND： Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） is cl.sel. correl.ted with spinal.cord injury （SCI）, but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are stil. poorl. understood. OBJECTIVE： To determine the rol. of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vivo experiment based on genetical.y engineered animal. was performed at the Medical.University of South Carol.na, Charl.ston, South Carol.na, USA, between June 2007 and October 2008. MATERIAl.： TNF-α transgenic rats （Xenogen Biosciences in Cranbury, New Jersey, USA） were util.zed in this study. METHODS： TNF-α transgenic （tg） and wil.-type （WT） rats underwent a compl.te singl.-l.vel.l.minectomy at the 10^th thoracic vertebra （T10）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Motor function of rat hindl.mb was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hindl.mb l.comotor rating scal.. Histol.gical.eval.ation of spinal.cord tissue l.ss was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microgl.a/macrophages, and TNF receptors （TNFRs） was performed on spinal.cord tissue sections. TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by real.time pol.merase chain reaction. The concentrations of nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the supernatant were determined using an enzyme-l.nked immunosorbent assay kit for rat NGF or BDNF, respectivel.. The rats were injected subcutaneousl. with etanercept to verify that TNF-α was the direct effect of the modul.tion of behavioral.and neurodegenerative outcomes in the TNF-α tg rats. RESUl.S： TNF-α tg rats showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal.cord prior to SCI. TNF-α tg rats showed worse motor deficits than WT rats in the acute period （〈 3 days） after SCI （P 〈 0.01）, whil. in the chronic period, TNF-α tg rats exhibited persistent el.vated basel.ne l.vel. of TNF-α mRNA and improved recovery in motor function and tissue heal.ng compared to WT rats （P 〈 0.01 ）. Fol.owing SCI, the number of microgl.

关键词： spinal.cord injury tumor necrosis factor-α rats infl.mmation motor function astrocytes microgl.a nerve growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factors