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International j.urnal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 136-142页

作者： Archana A. Alur Madhavi j. Rane james P. Scheetz Douglas j. Lorenz Lawrence Gettleman Ballard High School Louisville Kentucky USA School of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Dentistry University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Public Health & Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA

Aim It is our opinion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing j.welry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing j.welry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing procedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disposable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent powder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing procedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temperature, and soap use. Tukey＇s post hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was applied to significant factors to examine pair-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the palm compared to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up to 15 seconds, it would be preferable not to use soap to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting appeared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing wi

关键词： dental exam gloves finger ring j.welry crosscontamination hand hygiene microbes fluorescent powder dental health care workers

Accurate Gain Flattening Filters Manufactured by Optical Compensation Monitoring Method

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： j. j. Pan james Guo j.y j.ang Lightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

GFFs with less than 0.4 dB peak-to-peak error functions are routinely fabricated using commercially available coating machines by utilizing the natural error compensation mechanism of wavelength variable turning point... 详细信息

关键词： that in of on by GFF Accurate Gain Flattening Filters Manufactured by Optical Compensation Monitoring Method for than

Potential Applications of Polymer Microchips in Pharmaceuticals

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材料科学与工程学报 2000年第Z2期20卷 993-1000页

作者： james j. Bao Prcoter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals P.O.Box 8006 MasonOH 45040USA

Some of the most recent development in polymer based microchips have been reviewed. Different methods used in fabricating ploymer microchips are introduced. The inportance and applications of the ploymer microchip in pharmaceutical and other areas are discussed. Finally, the potential problems and development areas in polymer microchip technology are also addressed.

关键词： used in

Intermediate accounting j. David Spiceland, james F. Sepe, Lawrence A. Tomassini 3rd ed.

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Development and application of molecular gut-content analysis to detect aphid and coccinellid predation by Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）in Italy

2004年

作者： j. David Spiceland james F. Sepe Lawrence A. Tomassini

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rondoni Kacie j. Athey james D. Harwood Eric Contit Carlo Ricci j.hn j. Obrycki Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and Department of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

Despite their positive effect in reducing pest populations, exotic generalist predators sometimes become invasive and contribute to the displacement of indigenous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked intraguild predation （IGP） to these interactions, field evidence and quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） in Italy raises concern about the detrimental effect that the ladybird could have on native coccinellids. Here we assessed, under laboratory conditions, the acceptability and suitability of eggs of 2 native ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata L. and Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyridis larvae. Then we developed primers for molecular gut-content analysis to detect predation by H. axyridis on the 2 ladybirds and on the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were developed for the 3 species and laboratory feeding trials were conducted to quantify the rate of prey DNA breakdown in the gut of//. axyridis. Moreover, to field evaluate primers, H. axyridis 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected from linden trees in northern Italy and screened for the presence of prey DNA. Seventy-three percent and 7% of field collected H. axyridis were positive for aphid and coccinellid DNA, respectively. Predation upon aphid and A. bipunctata was lower than predicted if density dependent consumption was expected, while predation upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provided the first evidence of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyridis and indigenous ladybird beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

3eciphering the protein-DNA code of bacteria Ninged helix-turn-helix transcription factors

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2018年第1期6卷 68-84页

作者： Adam P. j.yce james j. Havranek Program in Developmental Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA

Background： Sequence-specific binding by transcription factors （TFs） plays a significant role in the selection and regulation of target genes. At the protein：DNA interface, amino acid side-chains construct a diverse physicochemical network of specific and non-specific interactions, and seemingly subtle changes in amino acid identity at certain positions may dramatically impact TF：DNA binding. Variation of these specificity-determining residues （SDRs） is a maj.r mechanism of functional divergence between TFs with strong structural or sequence homology. Methods： In this study, we employed a combination of high-throughput specificity profiling by SELEX and Spec-seq, structural modeling, and evolutionary analysis to probe the binding preferences of winged helix-turn-helix TFs belonging to the OmpR sub-family in Escherichia coil Results： We found that E. coli OmpR paralogs recognize tandem, variably spaced repeats composed of＂GT-A＂ or ＂GCT＂-containing half-sites. Some divergent sequence preferences observed within the ＂GT-A＂ mode correlate with amino acid similarity; conversely, ＂GCT＂-based motifs were observed for a subset of paralogs with low sequence homology. Direct specificity profiling of a subset of OmpR homologues （CpxR, RstA, and OmpR） as well as predicted ＂SDR-swap＂ variants revealed that individual SDRs may impact sequence preferences locally through direct contact with DNA bases or distally via the DNA backbone. Conclusions： Overall, our work provides evidence for a common structural code for sequence-specific wHTH：DNA interactions, and demonstrates that surprisingly modest residue changes can enable recognition of highly divergent sequence motifs. Further examination of SDR predictions will likely reveal additional mechanisms controlling the evolutionary divergence of this important class of transcriptional regulators.

关键词： transcription factor SELEX winged helix-turn-helix specificity detenlainants two-component signaling

Transformer2 proteins protect breast cancer cells from accumulating replication stress by ensuring productive splicing of checkpoint kinase 1

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 186-195页

作者： Andrew Best Katherine james Gerald Hysenaj.Alison Tyson-Capper David j. Elliott Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Research Group and Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology Newcastle University Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK Institute for Cellular Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle NE2 4HH UK

Increased expression levels of the RNA splicing regulator Transformer2fl （abbreviated Tra2fl） have been reported in several types of cancer. Recent work has revealed an intimate cross-regulation between Tra2fl and the highly similar Tra2a protein in human breast cancer cells, though these two proteins are encoded by separate genes created by a gene duplication that occurred over 500 million years ago. This cross-regulation involves splicing control of a special class of exons, called poison exons. Down-regulation of Tra2fl reduces splicing inclu- sion of a poison exon in the mRNA encoding Tra2a, thereby up-regulating Tra2a protein expression. This buffers any splicing changes that might be caused by individual depletion of Tra2fl alone. Discovery of this cross-regulation pathway, and its by-pass by j.int deple- tion of both human Tra2 proteins, revealed Tra2 proteins are essential for breast cancer cell viability, and led to the identification of important targets for splicing control. These exons include a critical exon within the checkpoint kinase 1 （CHK1） gene that plays a crucial function in the protection of cancer cells from replication stress. Breast cancer cells depleted for Tra2 proteins have reduced CHK1 protein levels and accumulate DNA damage. These data suggest Tra2 proteins and/or their splicing targets as possible cancer drug targets.

关键词： RNA splicing gene expression breast cancer,DNA damage CHK1

Arthropod prey of imported fire ants （Hymenoptera： Formicidae） in Mississippi sweetpotato fields

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 467-471页

作者： Tahir Rashid j.an Chen james T. Vogt Paul j. McLeod Aicorn State University Extension~Research Demonstration Farm & Tech Transfer Center Mound Bayou Mississippi USDA ARS Bio- logical Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville Mississippi USDA FS Inventory & Analysis Knoxville Tennessee Department of Entomology University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas United States

The red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta （Buren）, are generally considered pests. They have also been viewed as beneficial predators feeding on other insect pests of various agroecosystems. This study documents the foraging habits of fire ants in a sweetpotato field in Mississippi. Fire ant foraging trails connecting outside colonies to a sweetpotato field were exposed and foraging ants moving out of the field toward the direction of the colony were collected along with the solid food particles they were carrying. The food material was classified as arthropod or plant in origin. The arthropod particles were identified to orders. Fire ant foragers carried more arthropods than plant material. Coleoptera and Homoptera were the most abundant groups preyed upon. These insect orders contain various economically important pests of sweetpotato. Other maj.r hexapod groups included the orders Hemiptera, Diptera and Collembola. The quantity of foraged material varied over the season. No damage to sweetpotato roots could be attributed to fire ant feeding. Imported fire ant foraging may reduce the number of insect pests in sweetpotato fields.

关键词： foraging imported fire ant predation Solenops& invicta sweetpotato

The integrated use of chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinemema carpocapsae （Nematoda： Steinernematidae）, for the control of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 447-453页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson james j. Mathers Phil Northing Anthony j. Prickett Keith F. A. Waiters Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK

The integration of chemical insecticides and infective j.veniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae （Wesier）（Nematoda： Steinernematidae）, to control second instars of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） was investigated. Using a sand bioassay, the effects of direct exposure of S. carpocapsae for 24 h to field rate dilutions of four insecticides （spiromesifen, thiacloprid, imidacloprid and pymetrozine） on infectivity to Galleria mellonella larvae were tested. Although all chemicals tested, except spiromesifen, produced acceptable nematode infectivity rates, they were all significantly less than the water control. The effect of insecticide treatment （dry residues of spiromesifen, thiacloprid and pymetrozine and soil drench of imidacloprid） on the efficacy of the nematode against B. tabaci was also investigated. Nematodes in combination with thiacloprid and spiromesifen gave higher B. tabaci mortality （86.5% and 94.3% respectively） compared to using nematodes alone （75.2%） on tomato plants. There was no significant difference in B. tabaci mortality when using the chemicals imidacloprid, pymetrozine and spiromesifen in conj.nction with nematodes compared to using the chemicals alone. However, using thiacloprid in combination with the nematodes produced significantly higher B. tabaci mortality than using the chemical alone. The integration of S. carpocapsae and these chemical agents into current integrated pest management programmes for the control of B. tabaci is discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic nematode infectivity insecticide residue pest management