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Ecological and Chemotypic Analysis for Improved Growth and Management of Naturally Occurring Black Cohosh (<i>Actaea racemosa</i>L.) Populations in Western Maryland

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3272-3281页

作者： Amanda Vickers Sunshine L. Brosi james howell Bhavneet Kaur David Puthoff Edward Eisenstein Frostburg State University Frostburg USA US Botanical Safety Lab Candler USA Allegany College of Maryland Cumberland USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Rockville USA Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center USDA-ARSBeltsville USA Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland Rockville USA

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) is a perennial herb native to deciduous woodlands in eastern North America with an extensive history of traditional use, most commonly for rheumatoid arthritis and female reproductive issues. Modern clinical research has maintained this herb’s relevance into the 21st century with a majority of authentic black cohosh raw material still harvested from naturally occurring populations in Appalachian woodlands for use in botanical supplements. Increased use and interest in black cohosh have led to increased wild harvesting, reports of adulteration, and stress on this important natural resource. In an effort to study this significant medicinal plant as part of an ecosystem, and to understand factors that would contribute to the more effective growth and maintenance of black cohosh, key chemical, physiological, and ecological aspects of two occurring populations in western Maryland were surveyed. Rhizomes were harvested from six populations of naturally occurring black cohosh in two state forests located in the Allegheny Plateau and Ridge and Valley physiogeographic provinces of Maryland. The concentrations of five medicinal compounds found in black cohosh extracts, actein, 23-epi-26-deoxyactein, cafeic acid, ferulicacid, and N-methylserotonin, were compared with plant reproductive status as well as accompanying overstory and under story species, soil moisture, and soil pH at each site. Compound levels showed a complex dependence on physiography but were independent of reproductive state. The findings provide clues to guide efforts at effective growth and management of wild populations of black cohosh and other threatened medicinal plants.

关键词： Actaea racemosa Rhizome Natural Products Physiographic Province Reproductive State

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完善的K-12职业发展制度

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国外职业教育 2007年第4期 41-42页

作者： james howell[美] 漆冬华（译）

在俄亥俄（OHIO）的里克金（LICKING）县，职业和科技教育中心（C—TEC）正把K-12职业发展制度付诸实践的验证。

关键词： K-12职业发展制度职业教育 C—TEC 里克金县俄亥俄州

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Degenerative meniscus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期5卷 597-602页

作者： Richard howell Neil S Kumar Nimit Patel james Tom Department of Orthopedic Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital

The symptomatic degenerative meniscus continues to be a source of discomfort for a significant number of patients. With vascular penetration of less than onethird of the adult meniscus, healing potential in the setting of chronic degeneration remains low. Continued hoop and shear stresses upon the degenerative meniscus results in gross failure, often in the form of complex tears in the posterior horn and midbody. Patient history and physical examination are critical to determine the true source of pain, particularly with the significant incidence of simultaneous articular pathology. Joint line tenderness, a positive Mc Murray test, and mechanical catching or locking can be highly suggestive of a meniscal source of knee pain and dysfunction. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging are frequently utilized to examine for osteoarthritis and to verify the presence of meniscal tears, in addition to ruling out other sources of pain. Non-operative therapy focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy may be able to provide pain relief as well as improve mechanical function of the knee joint. For patients re-fractory to conservative therapy, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can provide short-term gains regarding pain relief, especially when combined with an effective, regular physiotherapy program. Patients with clear mechanical symptoms and meniscal pathology may benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, but surgery is not a guaranteed success, especially with concomitant articular pathology. Ultimately, the long-term outcomes of either treatment arm provide similar results for most patients. Further study is needed regarding the short and long-term outcomes regarding conservative and surgical therapy, with a particular focus on the economic impact of treatment as well.

关键词： Meniscus Degenerative joint disease Meniscal tear Osteoarthritis Arthroscopy

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Fluorescent Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Probeslu 1

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丛书名： Methods in Molecular Biology™ 335

2006年

作者： Salvatore A. E. Marras Mary Katherine Johansson W. Mathias howell Yukio Okamura and Yuichiro Watanabe Vladimir V. Didenko Chaoyong james Yang Jeff Ji

ebook ISBN:1597450693

ISBN: (数字)1597450693

ISBN: (纸本)9781588293800

ebook ISBN:1597450693

关键词： Nucleic acid probes.

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Do medical students studying in the United Kingdom have an adequate factual knowledge of basic life support?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 75-80页

作者： Robert D.Willmore Damjan Veljanoski Feray Ozdes Bethan Stephens james Mooney Seamus G.Crumley Arpan Doshi Philippa Davies Shreya Badhrinarayanan Emily Day Kristian Tattam April Wilson Nathan Crang Lorna Green Craig A.Mounsey howell Fu Joseph Williams Michelle S.D'souza Dhanya Sebastian Liam A.Mcgiveron Matthew G.Percy james Cohen Imogen J.John Alice Lethbridge Imogen Watkins Omar Amin Mubasher A.Qamar John Gerrard Hanrahan Emily Cramond-Wong Barts Health NHS Trust Barts & the London Medical School Queen Mary University of London Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Lancaster Medical School Lancaster University School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine University of St Andrews Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health University of Sheffi eld Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust St George's University of London University of Liverpool School of Medicine University of Exeter medical school Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford University of Edinburgh Medical School Faculty of Medicine University of Warwick University College London Medical School Cardiff University School of Medicine College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Guys Kings and St Thomas School of Medicine King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King's College London Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Nottingham

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain basic life support(BLS) skills. This study aims to evaluate medical students' factual knowledge of BLS and the training they ***: A cross-sectional, closed-response questionnaire was distributed to the fi rst-and fourth-year students studying at institutions in the United Kingdom. The paper questionnaire sought to quantify respondent's previous BLS training, factual knowledge of the BLS algorithm using five multiple choice questions(MCQs), and valuate their desire for further BLS training. Students received 1 point for each correctly identifi ed answer to the 5 MCQ'***: A total of 3,732 complete responses were received from 21 medical schools. Eighty percent(n=2,999) of students completed a BLS course as part of their undergraduate medical studies. There was a signifi cant difference(P<0.001) in the percentage of the fourth-year students selecting the correct answer in all the MCQ's compared to the fi rst-year students except in identifyingthe correct depth of compressions required during CPR(P=0.095). Overall 10.3%(95% CI 9.9% to 10.7%) of respondents correctly identified the answer to 5 MCQ's on BLS: 9% of the first-year students(n=194) and 12% of the fourth-year students(n=190). On an institutional level the proportion of students answering all MCQ's correctly ranged from 2% to 54% at different universities. Eighty-one percent of students(n=3,031) wished for more BLS training in their ***: Factual knowledge of BLS is poor among medical students in the UK. There is a disparity in standards of knowledge across institutions and respondents indicating that they would like more training.

关键词： Emergency Medicine Basic life support Medical education Resuscitation

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Substantial subpial cortical demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis: have we underestimated the extent of cortical pathology?

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第1期7卷 51-67页

作者： Lauren Griffiths Richard Reynolds Rhian Evans Ryan J.Bevan Mark I.Rees Djordje Gveric james W.Neal Owain W.howell Institute of Life Sciences Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PPUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W53EHUK Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales NSW 2006Australia

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Much of the complex symptomatology relates to pathology outside the classic white matter plaque, whereby lesions of the cortical grey matter, which are difficult to resolve by conventional clinical imaging, are in part predictive of outcome. We investigated the extent of grey matter pathology in whole coronal macrosections to reassess the contribution of cortical pathology to total demyelinating lesion area in progressive MS. Methods: Twenty-two cases of progressive MS were prepared as whole bi-hemispheric macrosections for histology, immunostaining and quantitative analysis of lesion number and relative area, leptomeningeal inflammation and microglial/macrophage activation. Results: Cortical grey matter demyelination was seen in all cases, which was more extensive than in white and deep grey matter (hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia) and accounted for 0.8%-60.2% of the entire measurable cortical ribbon. The pattern of cortical grey matter demyelination was predominantly subpial (mean 90.9%, range 60%-100%, of total cortical grey matter lesion area) and cases with the largest areas of subpial cortical lesions had more and larger deep grey matter lesions, greater numbers of activated microglia/macrophages, both in lesions as well as in normal cortical grey matter, together with elevated leptomeningeal inflammation and lymphoid-like ;structures. White matter lesion area was unchanged when compared with the progressive MS cases with little subpial cortical demyelination. Conclusion: Analysis of whole coronal macrosections reveals cortical demyelination is more extensive than reported by conventional histological methods. Cases of progressive MS with substantial subpial cortical demyelination that is independent of underlying white matter lesion area support the implications that these lesions may in-part arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Biomarkers and/or i

关键词： Leptomeninges B cell follicle microglia activation normal appearing grey matter

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Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in China: follow-up diagnosis and subsequent treatment

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第3期13卷 197-201页

作者： Qing Ke Zheng-Yan Zhao Robert Griggs Veronica Wiley Anne Connolly Jennifer Kwon Ming Qi Daniel Sheehan Emma Ciafaloni R Rodney howell Petra Furu Peter Sazani Arvind Narayana Michele Gatheridge Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Child Health Care Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA Disciplines of Genetic Medicine and Pediatric and Child Health University of SydneyAustralia Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Center for Genetic&Genomic Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine and James Watson Institute of Genome SciencesHangzhouChina Department of Pediatrics University of BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA University of Miami MiamiFloridaUSA Neonatal Screening PerkinElmerTurkuFinland Field Medical Affairs Marathon PharmaceuticalsNorthbrookIllinoisUSA Medical Affairs Sarepta TherapeuticsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Background:Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is currently being initiated in Zhejiang Province,China and is under consideration in other countries,including the United *** China begins to implement DMD newborn screening (DMD-NBS),there is ongoing discussion regarding the steps forward for follow up care of positively identified patients as well as false positive and false negative *** sources:Relevant papers related to DMD-NBS,and NBS in China were reviewed in ***:The current state of DMD-NBS is discussed,along with the steps needed to effectively screen infants for this disease in China,recommendations for establishment of follow up care in patients with positive and negative screens,and measurement of patient ***:Zhejiang Province,China is ready to implement *** challenges that exist for this program,and other countries,include the ability to track patients,assist with access to care,and ensure adequate follow-up care according to evidence-based *** addition,China's large rural population,lack of specialty providers,and difficulty in educating patients regarding the benefits of treatment create challenges that will need to be addressed.

关键词： Duchene muscular dystrophy neurology neuromuscular disorders newborn screening

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REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTING AND EXPRESSION OF UNCERTAINTIES

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2019年第4期8卷 181-218页

作者： Julian T.Heming Fernando Prates Morris A.Bender Rebecca Bowyer John Cangialosi Phillippe Caroff Thomas Coleman james D.Doyle Anumeha Dube Ghislain Faure Jim Fraser Brian C.howell Yohko Igarashi Ron McTaggart-Cowan M.Mohapatra Jonathan R.Moskaitis Jim Murtha Rabi Rivett M.Sharma Chris J.Short Amit A.Singh Vijay Tallapragada Helen A.Titley Yi Xiao 不详

The Ninth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-9) took place in Hawaii, USA in December 2018. This review paper was presented at the Workshop under the Tropical Cyclone Track *** forecasting of tropical cyclone(TC) track has seen significant improvements in recent decades both by numerical weather prediction models and by regional warning centres who issue forecasts having made use of these models and other forecasting techniques. Heming and Goerss(2010) gave an overview of forecasting techniques and models available for TC forecasting, including evidence of the improvement in performance over the years. However, the models and techniques used for TC forecasting have continued to develop in the last decade. This presentation gives an updated overview of many of the numerical weather prediction models and other techniques used for TC track prediction. It includes recent performance statistics both by the models and the regional warning centres.

关键词： Tropical Cyclone World Meteorological Organization Workshop Numerical Models Track Forecasting

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