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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 250-256页

作者： Chao Jia Jiewen Luo Jiajun Fan james h.clark Shicheng Zhang Xiangdong Zhu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai200438China

Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil ***,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ***,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction *** this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material ***,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high ***,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based ***,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.

关键词： Biomass Biomass based N-doped carbon Carbothermal reduction reaction Pore Toxic by-product

Low temperature microwave-assisted vs conventional pyrolysis of various biomass feedstocks

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第3期21卷 270-274页

作者： Peter Shuttleworth Vitaliy Budarin Mark Gronnow james h.clark Rafael Luque Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DD YorkUK Departamento de Química Orgnica Universidad de CórdobaCampus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3Edif icio Marie Curie(C-3)Ctra Nnal IVKm 396E-14014CórdobaSpain

A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste residues. Microwave pyrolysis was found to efficiently deliver comparable evolution of bio-gases in the system as compared with conventional pyrolysis at significantly reduced temperatures （120-180 ℃vs 250-400 ℃）. The gas obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was found to contain CO2, Ch4 and CO as major components as well

关键词： microwave-assisted pyrolysis biomass valorisation gas production

highly efficient NhC-iridium-catalyzedβ-methylation of alcohols with methanol at low catalyst loadings

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第8期64卷 1361-1366页

作者： Zeye Lu Qingshu Zheng Guangkuo Zeng Yunyan Kuang james h.clark Tao Tu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of YorkYorkYO 105DDUK

The methylation of alcohols is of great importance since a broad number of bioactive and pharmaceutical alcohols contain methyl ***,a highly efficientβ-methylation of primary and secondary alcohols with methanol has been achieved by using bis-N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(bis-NhC-Ir)*** substrate scope and up to quantitative yields were achieved at low catalyst loadings with only hydrogen and water as *** protocol was readily extended to theβ-alkylation of alcohols with several primary *** experiments,along with DFT calculations and crystallographic studies,revealed that the ligand effect is critical to their excellent catalytic performance,shedding light on more challenging Guerbet reactions with simple alcohols.

关键词： hydrogen-borrowing ligand effect iridium N-heterocyclic carbene methylation

Phosphine ligands featuring C-N chiral axis applicable to tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl synthesis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第7期34卷 3-5页

作者： Weiwei Fang Meiying Kuai james h.clark Tao Tu Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-designed, which enable great advances in enantioselective chemical transformations, for achieving excellent selectivity and activity.

关键词： chiral substituted applicable

Electrochemical Biorefinery toward Chemicals Synthesis and Bio-Oil Upgrading from Lignin

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 178-198页

作者： Rui hu Yuying Zhao Chen Tang Yan Shi Gang Luo Jiajun Fan james h.clark Shicheng Zhang Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute Green Chemistry Center of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Recalcitrance and the inherent heterogeneity of lignin structure are the major bottlenecks to impede the popularization of lignin-based chemicals production *** works suggested a promising pathway for lignin depolymerization and lignin-derived bio-oil upgrading via an electrochemical biorefinery(a process in which lignin valorization is performed via electrochemical oxidation or reduction).This review presents the progress on chemicals synthesis and bio-oil upgrading from lignin by an electrochemical biorefinery,relating to the lignin biosynthesis pathway,reaction pathway of lignin electrochemical conversion,inner-sphere and outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism,basic kinetics and thermodynamics in electrochemistry,and the recent embodiments analysis with the emphasis on the respective feature and limitation for lignin electrochemical oxidative and reductive ***,the challenge and perspective associated with lignin electrochemical biorefinery are ***-day results indicate that more work should be performed to promote efficiency,selectivity,and stability in pursuing a lignin electrochemical *** of the most promising developing directions appears to be integrating various types of lignin electrochemical conversion strategies and other existing or evolving lignin valorization *** review aims to provide more references and discussion on the development for lignin electrochemical biorefinery.

关键词： Lignin Electrochemical biorefinery Reaction pathway Electron transfer mechanism Kinetics Thermodynamics

Textile waste-an opportunity as well as a threat

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Green Carbon 2023年第2期1卷 146-149页

作者： james h.clark Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Clothing and textiles are very challenging to recycle due to the fact that they are nearly always a blend of fibres from different types of *** are some promising early indications that new green solvents including CyreneTM and TMO as well as some simple ionic liquids can be used to aid recycling of complex fabrics by selective dissolution of one of the component polymers.A viable process for the future valorisation of many waste fabrics should be designed to maximise the creation of valuable product streams while also minimising any waste.

关键词： Textile waste Molecular recycling Green solvents Complexity

绿色化学——化学工业走向可持续发展和具有竞争力的有效途径

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自然杂志 2000年第1期22卷 1-6页

作者： james h.clark Mike Lancaster 章宗穰英国York大学英国皇家工程院洁净技术委员会英国皇家化学会Green Chemistry杂志英国约克大学化学系英国皇家化学会上海师范大学

绿色化学是化学工业走向可持续发展和具有竞争性的有效途径,并日益为政府、工业界及公众接受为社会、经济及环境发展的必要目标。本文对绿色化学的概念、进展及实践作了评介。

关键词：绿色化学化学工业洁净技术可持续发展环境

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化学工业中的芳香族氟化物

有机氟工业 2000年第1期 48-55,29页

作者： james h.clark 曹伟郁琦清

１　导言有机氟化学包括芳香族氟化学的发展，与对特殊要求和特殊效用化学品的需求紧密相联，这可以追溯到４０年代因富集铀的需要而对耐六氟化铀的材料的深入研究。有机氟化合物的价格昂贵使得它实际成为小吨位而高价位的特殊化学品... 详细信息

１　导言有机氟化学包括芳香族氟化学的发展，与对特殊要求和特殊效用化学品的需求紧密相联，这可以追溯到４０年代因富集铀的需要而对耐六氟化铀的材料的深入研究。有机氟化合物的价格昂贵使得它实际成为小吨位而高价位的特殊化学品类。芳香族氟化物相对用作塑料、溶剂、喷射剂等的含氟脂肪烃化合物而言是新的一族。芳香族氟化物在６０年代Ｈａｌｅｘ（卤素置换）方法出现之前，主要用气相全氟化后重新芳香化和选择性脱氟的工艺过程制备，因而价格极为昂贵。Ｈａｌｅｘ方法和重氮氟化方法的出现，再加上对高价值产品的商业兴趣的增大，才导致对芳族氟化物的商业兴趣的快速增长。从１９８１年到１９８６年，世界范围内有１．３万份有关含氟医药和农药的专利申报。８０年代后期，芳族氟化物已在消炎药、抗生素，杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂及染料等几大方面建立市场。芳香族氟化物的分支已延伸到液晶和聚合物方面。２　芳香族氟化物的需求芳香族氟化物在主要应用领域的年消费量目前约在（４０００～４５００吨。农用化学品市场最大，占２０００吨；其次是药物，占１５００吨；其余是聚合物、染料、液晶方面。整个市场需求的年增长率估计近年保持在７％。单农用化学品的年销售额已有２５０亿美元，其中对芳...

关键词：化学工业芳香族氟化物有机氟

木质素电化学生物炼制制备化学品和生物油提质（英文）

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Engineering 2023年第8期 178-198页

作者： Rui hu Yuying Zhao Chen Tang Yan Shi Gang Luo Jiajun Fan james h.clark Shicheng Zhang Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute Green Chemistry Center of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of York

Recalcitrance and the inherent heterogeneity of lignin structure are the major bottlenecks to impede the popularization of lignin-based chemicals production processes. Recent works suggested a promising pathway for lignin depolymerization and lignin-derived bio-oil upgrading via an electrochemical biorefinery(a process in which lignin valorization is performed via electrochemical oxidation or reduction).This review presents the progress on chemicals synthesis and bio-oil upgrading from lignin by an electrochemical biorefinery, relating to the lignin biosynthesis pathway, reaction pathway of lignin electrochemical conversion, inner-sphere and outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism, basic kinetics and thermodynamics in electrochemistry, and the recent embodiments analysis with the emphasis on the respective feature and limitation for lignin electrochemical oxidative and reductive conversion. Lastly,the challenge and perspective associated with lignin electrochemical biorefinery are ***-day results indicate that more work should be performed to promote efficiency, selectivity,and stability in pursuing a lignin electrochemical biorefinery. One of the most promising developing directions appears to be integrating various types of lignin electrochemical conversion strategies and other existing or evolving lignin valorization technologies. This review aims to provide more references and discussion on the development for lignin electrochemical biorefinery.

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Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 187-196页

作者： Christopher james clark Peabody Museum of Natural history Yale University PO Box 208106 New Haven CT 06511 USA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California- Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone （hfl）, a low frequency tone （lft）, and atonal sound pulses （asp）, which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices （tail-feathers） of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hfl or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds sitlfilar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism .

关键词： Calliope hummingbird Courtship Multicomponent Signal Sonation Wind Tunnel