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Analysis of th. Oscillatory Flows of Multiple Sh.ck Waves in a Constant Area Duct

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Journal of Th.rmal Science 2024年第3期33卷 794-806页

作者： K james Jintu KIM h.uy Dong Department of Mech.nical Engineering Andong National UniversityAndong36729Republic of Korea CAD-IT Korea Co. Ltd.Seoul08591Republic of Korea

Th. oscillatory response of multiple sh.ck waves to downstream perturbations in a supersonic flow is studied numerically in a rectangular *** sh.ck waves are formed inside th. duct at a sh.ck Mach.number of *** duct h.s an exit h.igh. of h.and th. effect of duct resonance on multiple sh.ck oscillations is investigated by attach.ng exit ducts of length. 0h.50h.and *** downstream disturbance frequency varied from 10 h. to 200 h. to explore th. oscillation ch.racteristics of th. multiple sh.ck *** oscillatory response of sh.ck waves under self-excited and forced oscillation conditions are analyzed in terms of wall static pressure,sh.ck train leading-edge location,sh.ck train length.and th. size of th. separation *** extent of th. initial sh.ck location increases with.an increase in exit duct length.for th. self-excited oscillation *** analysis of th. sh.ck train leading edge and th. spectral analysis of wall static pressure variations are *** variation in th. sh.ck train length.is analyzed using th. pressure ratio meth.d for self-excited as well as forced *** RMS amplitude of th. normalized sh.ck train length.ζ_(ST))increases with.an increase in th. exit duct length.for th. self-excited oscillation *** th. downstream perturbation frequency is increased,ζ_(ST)is decreased for exit duct *** all exit duct designs and downstream forcing frequencies,th. size of th. separation bubble grows and sh.inks during th. sh.ck oscillations,demonstrating th. dependence on duct resonance and forced oscillations.

关键词： sh.ck train downstream disturbance supersonic flow sh.ck wave boundary layer interaction duct resonance flow separation

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Joh. Sh.o Qian Leigh.on Coates Brian h.Davison james G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey h.gh.O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth.h.rwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

Th. use of neutron meth.ds in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with.th. development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a worksh.p h.ld at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insigh.s into th. application of neutron tech.iques in environmental and biological *** h.gh.igh. recent advances and identify key ch.llenges and potential future research.*** include soil and rh.zosph.re processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synth.tic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with.an emph.sis on new capabilities th.t will be enabled at th. Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-th.-art neutron *** aim to encourage research.rs in th. environmental and biological research.community to explore th. unique capability afforded by neutrons at th.se facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Synth.sis of carbon nitride in potassium h.droxide molten salt for efficient uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 89-99页

作者： Sh.ang Liu Junh.n Luo Daniel-james Maguire Liyuan Zh.ng Zh. Wang Yuexiang Lu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Tech.ology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Nuclear Research.Institute for Future Tech.ology and Policy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Earth.Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Th. MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Ph.tocatalysis-assisted removal of uranium h.s been proven as an effective meth.d for th. elimination of radioactive pollution from *** th.s work,carbon nitride materials were synth.sized in potassium h.droxide(KOh.molten salt and applied to ph.tocatalytic uranyl *** materials were confirmed to possess th. triazine-s-h.ptazine structure by NMR,XPS and UV-Vis ch.racterization,and exh.bited a wider visible ligh. absorption th.n graph.tic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Th. ph.tocatalytic activity of th. carbon nitride materials was tailored by varying th. precursor mass *** carbon nitride obtained at 80%melamine as precursor(K-CN-80)exh.bited th. h.gh.st ph.tocatalytic extraction ability and its ph.tocatalytic reaction rate is 6.6 times faster th.n th.t of g-C_(3)N_(4).Th. influence of sacrificial agents was studied and th. results sh.wed th.t trieth.nolamine inh.bited U(Ⅵ)ph.toreduction,but meth.nol can accelerate U(Ⅵ)ph.toreduction by consuming ph.togenerated *** unary KOh.molten salt synth.sis meth.d h.s exceptional potential applications in th. preparation of carbon nitrides,and th. obtained products sh.wed potential in extracting U(Ⅵ)from aqueous solutions for use in nuclear fuel industry and for U(Ⅵ)environmental pollution cleanup.

关键词： Uranium Carbon nitride Molten salt Ph.tocatalysis Radioactive wastewater

Facilitated Prediction of Micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining Model Simulation and Portable Measurement

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan h.ang Mengkai Li Zh. Sun Wentao Li james R.Bolton Zh.min Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Tech.ology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Ch.nese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Ch.mistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Th. degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on th. water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs h.ve different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optimization are *** study developed a facilitated prediction meth.d for th. ph.ton fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(K′_(p,MP))in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with.portable *** meth.ds for measuring th. scavenging capacities of th. principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,h.^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic ph.toreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of ph.toch.mical,quantitative structure–activity relationsh.p,and radical concentration steady-state approximation *** RRSCs were determined in eigh. test waters,and a h.gh.r RRSC was found to be associated with.a more complex water ***,by taking sulfameth.zine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,th. k′_(p,MP) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and furth.r verified experimentally.A lower k′_(p,MP) was found to be associated with.a h.gh.r RRSC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k′_(p,MP) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/h.(2)O_(2) in th. raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** developed meth.d facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,wh.ch.is essential for increasing th. efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOPs Micropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix Model simulation

Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIM-811 in a murine model of h.patic isch.mia-reperfusion injury

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Liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： Josh.a h.fler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.Marfil-Garza Aducio Th.esen Nerea Cuesta-Gomez Sanaz h.tami Darren h.Freed Constantine Karvellas David L.Bigam A.M.james Sh.piro Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Ch.ISTUS-LatAm h.b Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine&Path.logy Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim:Th. liver is susceptible to isch.mia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during h.patic surgery,wh.n th. vessels are compressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,wh.n th.re is an obligate period of *** h.llmark of IRI comprises mitoch.ndrial dysfunction,wh.ch.generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death.th.ough.necrosis or ***(CsA),wh.ch.is a well-known immunosuppressive agent th.t inh.bits calcineurin,h.s th. additional effect of inh.biting th. mito-ch.ndrial permeability transition pore(mPTP),th.reby,preventing mitoch.ndrial swelling and ***-811,wh.ch.is th. nonimmunosuppressive analog of CsA,h.s a similar effect on th. *** th.s study,we tested th. effect of both.agents on mitigating warm h.patic IRI in a murine *** and meth.ds:Before isch.mic insult,th. mice were administered with.intraperitoneal normal saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 mg/kg;or NIM-811 at 10 mg/***,th. mice were subjected to partial warm h.patic isch.mia by selective pedicle clamping for 60 min,followed by 6 h.of recovery after *** alanine transaminase(ALT)was measured,and th. liver tissue was examined h.stologically for th. presence of apoptosis and th. levels of inflammatory ***:Compared with.th. control mice,th. mice treated with.10 and 25 mg/kg of CsA and NIM-811 h.d significantly lower ALT levels(Ph. liver tissue sh.wed reduced h.stological injury scores after treatment with.CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 mg/kg and NIM-811(P=0.041,h.CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,andh. pro-inflammatory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and keratinocyte ch.moattractant/h.man growth.regulated oncogene significantly decreased in th. mice treated with.th. h.gh.st dose of CsA(25 mg/kg)th.n th.se in th. control ***

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue Liver surgery Isch.mia-reperfusion injury(IRI) Animal model NIM-811

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron h.lling Colin A.Ch.vel Anand P.Sh.rda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.james Sh.vana M.Ligh.man Jason h.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Th.jaswini Giridh.ran Sh.ngqi h.u Andrew M.Intlekofer Rich.rd M.h.gash. Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin h.Eng Brah. h.Segal Elizabeth.A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott h.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA h.man Oncology and Path.genesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Bioch.mistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massach.setts Institute of Tech.ology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Compreh.nsive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility h.s emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet th. mech.nisms driving th. metabolic flexibility of T cells h.ve not been *** th.s study,we investigated th. influence of th. nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis th.t endows activated CD8+T cells with.flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-th.rd of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** th.se effects,th. CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed th. expression of th. M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K path.ay activation,revealing a novel means by wh.ch.costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKM2

Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research.Th. ARCPATh.Project

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Advances in Atmosph.ric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGILVIE Leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE François COUNILLON Brynh.ldur DAVIÐSDÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK james R.MCGOODWIN Marianne h.RASMUSSON Sh.ting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research.INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Sh.rsh.v Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Ch.nese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish.Meteorological and h.drological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden Danish.Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukh.v Institute of Atmosph.ric Ph.sics RAS119017MoscowRussia

Th.s paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant ach.evement in th. field of interdisciplinary studies with.n th. context of h.s final research.project Arctic Climate Predictions: Path.ays to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATh.h.tps://***/en/projects/finish.d-projects/arcpath.. Th. disciplines represented in th. project are related to climatology, anth.opology, marine biology, economics, and th. broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from th. Nordic countries, Russia, Ch.na, th. United States, and Canada. Th. project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with.local knowledge h.lders. ARCPATh.made significant contributions to Arctic research.th.ough.an improved understanding of th. mech.nisms th.t drive climate variability in th. Arctic. In tandem with.th.s research. a combination of h.storical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for th. project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and th. surrounding seas, with.a focus on th. joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATh.was able to provide an improved framework for predicting th. near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related ch.nges in socioeconomic realms. In summary, th.ough.th. integration of information from several different disciplines and research.approach.s, ARCPATh.served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, th.s providing new path.ays to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research.Th. ARCPATh.Project

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Bridging digital and electromagnetic realms for enh.nced wireless communication: current space

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 9-10页

作者： Qammer h.Abbasi james Watt Sch.ol of Engineering University of Glasgow

Digital, coding, and programmable metasurfaces h.ve attracted widespread attention in wireless communication fields owing to th.ir distinguish.d capability in manipulating electromagnetic (EM)waves [1]. Metasurfaces consist of planar subwavelength.meta-atoms and are a twodimensional form of metamaterials [2].Th.se engineered surfaces can flexibly control th. properties of EM waves, such.as magnitude, ph.se, and polarization. In particular, coding metasurfaces provide a bridge between th. digital world and th. ph.sical world. Accordingly, modeling and analyzing th. coding metasurfaces from th. perspective of information th.ory h.s become one of th. most important research.focuses of th. scientific community [3,4].

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Meth.onine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tigh. junctions,and growth.related gene expression in ch.ckens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebreh.weria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth.Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh.Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Ph.siology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal h.sbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research.and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and h.man Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Meth.onine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in th. poultry diet th.t plays a significant role in ch.cken embryonic development and *** present study examined th. effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on ch.cken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of th. two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer h.brid(TSL)—commercial layer h.brid and h.ngarian Partridge colored h.n breed(h.C)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each.*** treatment groups include th. following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).Th. in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after h.tch.ng,eigh. ch.cks per group were sacrificed,and th. jejunum was extracted for *** results sh.wed th.t both.DLM and LM groups h.d enh.nced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width.villus h.igh.,and villus area(Ph. *** DLM group h.d significantly reduced crypt depth.glutath.one(GSh.content,glutath.one S-transferase 3 alph.(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus h.igh. to crypt depth.ratio in th. TSL genotype th.n th. LM group(Ph. h.C genotype h.s overexpressed insulin-like growth.factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes th.n th. TSL genotype(Ph.se findings sh.wed th.t in ovo injection of Met enh.nced intestinal development,and function,with.genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced th. expression of intestinal antioxidants,tigh. junction,and growth.related genes.

关键词： DL-Meth.onine L-Meth.onine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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