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Combined risk modelling approach to identify the optimal carotid revascularisation approach

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 476-482,I0080-I0084页

作者： james francis burke Lewis B Morgenstern Nicholas H Osborne Rodney A Hayward Neurology University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Vascular Surgery Univerity of Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Internal Medicine University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background Carotid endarterectomy(CEA)results in fewer perioperative strokes,but more myocardial infarctions(MI)than carotid artery stenting(CAS).We explored a combined modelling approach that stratifies patients by baseline stroke and *** Baseline registry-based risk models for perioperative stroke and MI were identified via literature *** then selected treatment risk models in the Carotid Revascularisation Stenting versus Endarterectomy(CREST)trial by serially adding covariates(baseline risk,treatment(CEA vs CAS),treatment-risk interaction and age-treatment interaction terms).Treatment risk models were externally validated using data from the Society for Vascular Surgery(SVS)Vascular Quality Initiative(VQI)CEA and carotid stenting registries and treatment models were recalibrated to the SVS-VQI *** net benefit was estimated by summing the predicted stroke and MI risk differences with CEA versus *** Perioperative treatment models had moderate predictiveness(c-statistic 0.69 for stroke and 0.68 for MI)and reasonable calibration across the risk spectrum for both stroke and MI within *** external validation in SVS-VQI,predictiveness was substantially reduced(c-statistic 0.61 for stroke and 0.54 for MI)and models substantially overpredicted *** patients(86.7%)were predicted to have net benefit from CEA in CREST(97.0%of symptomatic patients vs 75%of asymptomatic patients).Discussion A combined modelling approach that separates risk elements has potential to inform optimal ***,our current approach is not ready for clinical *** data support guidelines that suggest that CEA should be the preferred revascularisation modality in most patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

关键词： carotid Surgery optimal

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Symptom management during and after treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer:A review of the literature and areas for future research

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第2期7卷 220-226页

作者： Heidi Mason Mary Beth De Rubeis Nancy burke Melissa Shannon Danielle Karsies Gregory Wolf Avi Eisbruch francis Worden University of Michigan School of Nursing

Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer are at risk for poor outcomes due to the multi-modal nature of treatment and the potential for treatmentrelated *** treatment with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy has drastically reduced the need for a debilitating and disfiguring surgery,treatment related toxicities are often difficult to *** toxicities include mucositis,skin desquamation,depression,cachexia,fatigue and nausea and *** to control these symptoms can adversely affect the patient's ability to complete their treatment *** there are many promising new treatments in the area of symptom management for this patient population,a review of the literature reflects the need for more research.

关键词： Head and neck cancer Chemoradiotherapy Depression Fatigue Cachexia Nausea Desquamation Mucositis Vomiting

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Ternary Ni-Co-Fe oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution catalysts:Intrinsic activity trends,electrical conductivity,and electronic band structure

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2288-2295页

作者： Michaela burke Stevens Lisa J. Enman Ester Hamal Korkus Jeremie Zaffran Christina D. M. Trang james Asbury Matthew G. Kast Maytal Caspary Toroker Shannon W. Boettcher Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of OregonEugeneOR 97403USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering and The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel

Nickel-,cobalt-,and iron-based(oxy)hydroxides comprise the most-commonly studied electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline solution.A fundamental understanding of composition-structure-activity relationships for mixed-metal Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides is important to guide the design of advanced OER *** we use cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry,inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy,and in situ electrical conductivity measurements to characterize the properties and activity of various compositions of Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides prepared by cathodic *** with previous studies,we find Fe is essential for the mixed-metal(oxy)hydroxides to achieve high OER *** the rigorous absence of Fe(achieved by using specially cleaned electrolytes),the most-active Ni-Co(oxy)hydroxide composition has an OER turn-over frequency only twice that ofpure Co(oxy)hydroxide,suggesting minimal synergism between the two *** addition of Co to Ni-Fe(oxy)hydroxides shifts the onset of electrical conductivity to lower potentials,but has little effect on the intrinsic OER activity,with the most-active Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxide having an OER turn-over frequency only -1.5 times that of the Ni-Fe(oxy)*** magnitudes of the electrical conductivities are similar for all the compositions ***-functional-theory-calculated projected density of states show a significant contribution of all chemical elements at the valence band edge of the mixed-metal oxyhydroxide electronic structure,demonstrating significant electronic hybridization between the *** calculations suggest the involvement of all the elements in modulating the electronic structure at putative Fe-based active sites that are probably located at edges or defects in the two-dimensional oxyhydroxide sheets.

关键词： electrocatalysis heterogeneous catalysis water electrolysis oxygen evolution density functional theory

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Active Management of Plant Canopy Temperature as a Tool for Modifying Plant Metabolic Activity

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 249-259页

作者： james R. Mahan John J. burke USDA/ARS Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory Lubbock Texas USA

The relationship between a plant and its thermal environment is a major determiner of its growth and development. Since plants grow and develop within continuously variable thermal environments, they are subjected to continuous thermal variation over their life cycle. Transpiration serves to uncouple the temperature of the plant from that of its environment in a manner that reduces the occurrence of high temperature stresses that can limit plant performance. In some agriculturally important plants, there are desirable metabolic outcomes that are associated with specific stress events (e.g. wine grapes). In these plants it is often desirable to induce temperature and water stresses of known magnitude and duration at specific points in the growing season. In this study we used a computer-controlled irrigation system that used cotton canopy temperature to control irrigation in greenhouse-grown plants over a 10-day period. The system was designed to irrigate in a manner that altered the canopy temperature relative to specific temperature thresholds (28°C, 30°C, 32°C and 34°C). The results demonstrate that automated irrigation management based on canopy temperature is capable of altering the temporal pattern of canopy temperature in a desired manner using a feed-back loop. Potential limitations on this action are related to the range of air temperatures, radiation and humidity within the environment.

关键词： Irrigation Optimum Temperature Canopy Temperature

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发明的智慧

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丛书名：探索

2001年

作者： james burke制片

摘要:本片带领观众体会发明背后所蕴藏的意义，了解从人类知识的启迪等等，到改变及影响至深的各种科学发明与构思过程。

ISBN: (纸本)7884981262

摘要:本片带领观众体会发明背后所蕴藏的意义，了解从人类知识的启迪等等，到改变及影响至深的各种科学发明与构思过程。

关键词：创造发明

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Critical Barriers to Traditional Project Progress Measurement: Perspectives of Ghanaian Construction Professionals

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2020年第2期8卷 119-137页

作者： james Cofie Danku Kofi Agyekum francis Terkpertey Asare Department of Construction Technology and Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana GCB Bank Accra Ghana

Accurate project progress measurement is critical for effective project management. Besides guarantying smooth work progress, it affords project managers the chance to identify early warning signs for peremptory remedial actions to keep the project on schedule and to budget. However, pertinent barriers can suppress the realization of the benefits of an accurate assessment of construction progress. This study aims to identify, examine and prioritize the critical barriers militating against accurate project progress measurement in the Ghanaian construction industry. Sixteen barriers identified from the literature were administered in a questionnaire survey to professionals with tier one construction firms and consultants. Sixty experienced construction professionals practising with tier-one construction firms and consultancy services took part in the survey. The relative importance index technique was used to rank the factors and correlation in responses of the two parties tested by the Mann-Whitney U statistics. The most critical barriers perceived by the professionals were 1) Reliance on Supervisor’s Judgement, 2) Generic and Non-Systematic Approach, 3) Variable Quality of Data and 4) Intricate Measurement Reports. Other highly ranked barriers include 5) Lack of Timely Information, 6) Laborious Data Gathering and 7) Quality Integration Constraint. The findings underpin the need to minimize dependence on subjective opinions and mere experiences of supervisors for assessment of project progress in this age of information technology. Incorporation of a level of automation into traditional progress methods will not only reduce human errors introduced into manually collected data but facilitate visualization of progress reports. Contiguous to a clear specification of the method of progress measurement in the contract document, a system that conveniently integrates cost, time and scope of work into progress measurement must be pursued. Addressing these identified

关键词： Project Progress Measurement Critical Barriers Construction Professionals Traditional Methods Ghana

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Grain Hermetic Storage Adoption in Northern Uganda: Awareness, Use, and the Constraints to Technology Adoption

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 989-1011页

作者： francis Okori Sam Cherotich Alex Abaca Emmanuel Baidhe francis Adibaku james Denis Onyinge Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Arua Uganda Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Muni University Arua Uganda Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology Gulu University Gulu Uganda Agriculture and Market Support Programme United Nations World Food Programme Kampala Uganda

Post-harvest storage losses (PHLs) remain significant in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to several factors mainly insect pests and molds. Hermetic storage technologies (HSTs) are being promoted to address these storage losses. In Uganda, HSTs were first introduced in 2012. However, its use among farming households remains low today. Data were collected from 306 smallholder farmers from four districts of Northern Uganda using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to understand their knowledge, use, and constraints to the adoption of hermetic storage. A multivariate Logit regression model was used to find the significance of the factors affecting adoption. Results showed low awareness and use of hermetic storage among smallholder farmers. Only 53.3% of the interviewed farmers were aware of the use of hermetic storage for grain storage. The SuperGrain bag was the most known form of hermetic storage (35.3%), followed by the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag (34.9%), metallic silo (15.5%), and plastic silo (14.4%). Hermetic storage use was even lower as only 17.6% of the surveyed farmers were using one or more forms of hermetic storage to store their grains. Insect pest management without chemical insecticides was the main reason (83.1%) for hermetic storage use. About 75.5% of those aware of hermetic storage had received training in the technology. Hermetic storage use in farming households led to improved food availability, household income, and nutrition. Lack of local availability (50.2%), high costs (37.8%), and inadequate knowledge (6.9%) were the main constraints hindering the adoption of hermetic storage in Northern Uganda. The logit regression models showed that only training in hermetic storage significantly (p = 0.002) affected farmers’ decision to adopt hermetic storage. Understanding the factors that constrain the adoption of HSTs could provide policymakers with important information to initiate and design policies and programs aimed at reducing cro

关键词： Grain Crops Post-Harvest Storage Losses Hermetic Storage Smallholder Farmers Food Security

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Professionals’ Perceptions on Construction Progress Measurement Methods Used in Ghana

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2020年第2期8卷 145-158页

Progress measurement is cardinal for effective project delivery. It assesses the physical amount of completed work within budgeted cost and manpower performance at a specified stage of the project. Effective progress measurement facilitates progress monitoring, an inevitability for identifying early warning?signs and confirmation of structured work proceeding. Different progress measuring methods are available and used for construction projects. They range from the traditional to the contemporary ones like three-dimensional and four-dimensional models. This paper examines current progress measurement methods used in the Ghanaian construction industry. Eight commonly employed methods were identified from the literature?and?rated by sixty-two construction professionals, practicing with tier one construction firms and construction consultancy services. Relative Important Index ranking and Mann-Whitney?U?test statistics were used to rank and check the consistency of survey responses. Cost Ratio ranked?the?highest, followed by Supervisor’s Opinion and Units?Completed. The fourth-ranked method was Time Ratio, then Incremental Milestone before Start-Finish.?Weighted/Equivalent Units?was at?the penultimate with Earned Value Analysis ranked?the?lowest. The study will not only underscore the relevance of the current project progress measurement practices and provoke prolific debates on their merits, but will also serve as a precursor for critical evaluation of the methods with the view to identifying?barriers militating against realistic progress assessment of construction works.

关键词： Construction Progress Measurement Methods Construction Professionals Tier One Construction Companies Ghana

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Population-based frequency of surfactant dysfunction mutations in a native Chinese cohort

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期12卷 190-195页

作者： Yu-Jun Chen Jennifer Anne Wambach Kelcey DePass Daniel james Wegner Shao-Ke Chen Qun-Yuan Zhang Hillary Heins francis Sessions Cole Aaron Hamvas Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatricsthe First Affi liated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina Division of Newborn Medicine Edward Mallinckrodt Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisUSA Department of Pediatrics Guangxi Maternal and Child Health HospitalNanningChina Division of Statistical Genomics Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisUSA

Background: Rare mutations in surfactant-associatedgenes contribute to neonatal respiratory distress *** frequency of mutations in these genes in the Chinesepopulation is ***: We obtained blood spots from the GuangxiNeonatal Screening Center in Nanning, China thatincluded Han (n=443) and Zhuang (n=313) ethnic *** resequenced all exons of the surfactant proteins-B(SFTPB), -C (SFTPC), and the ATP-binding cassettemember A3 (ABCA3) genes and compared the frequenciesof 5 common and all rare ***: We found minor differences in thefrequencies of the common variants in the Han andZhuang cohorts. We did not find any rare mutations inSFTPB or SFTPC, but we found three ABCA3 mutationsin the Han [minor allele frequency (MAF)=0.003] and 7 inthe Zhuang (MAF=0.011) cohorts (P=0.10). The ABCA3mutations were unique to each cohort;five were *** collapsed carrier rate of rare ABCA3 mutations inthe Han and Zhuang populations combined was 1.3%,which is signifi cantly lower than that in the United States(P<0.001).Conclusions: The population-based frequency ofmutations in ABCA3 in south China newborns is signifi cantlylower than that in United States. The contribution of theserare ABCA3 mutations to disease burden in the south Chinapopulation is still unknown.

关键词： genetic epidemiology human population genetics neonatal respiratory distress syndrome pulmonary surfactant

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Imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2011年第8期2卷 75-84页

作者： Wing Hung Alex Ng james francis Griffith Esther Hiu Yee Hung Bhawan Paunipagar Billy Kan Yip Law Patrick Shu Hang Yung Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)is an important structure in maintaining the normal biomechanics of the knee and is the most commonly injured knee ***,the oblique course of the ACL within the intercondylar fossa limits the visualization and assessment of the pathology of the *** pictorial essay provides a comprehensive and illustrative review of the anatomy and biomechanics as well as updated information on different modalities of radiological investigation of ACL,particularly magnetic resonance imaging.

关键词： Magnetic resonance Knee Anterior cruciate ligament Tear

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