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exploring the mass gap:Black holes in green pea galaxies

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作者： james patterson.

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 170-171页

作者： james e.Rhoads School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

We know about black holes primarily on two mass scales(e.g.,see Figure 22 of ref.[1]).Supermassive black holes inhabit the centers of galaxies,where they sometimes power active galactic nuclei(AGN).Their populations can be probed through AGN surveys,tidal disruption event surveys,and(in the closest galaxies)stellar and gas dynamics in the innermost regions where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential.

关键词： galaxies tidal galactic

Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james e.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： Nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials Nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

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Homeroom diaries

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Prediction of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid blends using artificial neural network

作者： (1947-)patterson james Papademetriou Lisa. Keino

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Frontiers in energy 2016年第1期10卷 114-124页

作者： Arunachalam VeLMURUGAN Marimuthu LOGANATHAN e. james GUNASeKARAN Department of Mechanical engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608002 India

This paper explores the use of artificial neural networks （ANN） to predict performance, combustion and emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke stationary, diesel engine operated by thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid （TC-CNSL） as the biodiesel blended with diesel. The tests were performed at three different injection timings （21°, 23°, 25℃A bTDC） by changing the thickness of the advance shim. The ANN was used to predict eight different engine-output responses, namely brake thermal efficiency （BTe）, brake specific fuel consumption （BSFC）, exhaust gas temperature （eGT）, carbon monoxide （CO）, oxide of nitrogen （NOx）, hydrocarbon （HC）, maximum pressure （Pm~,,） and heat release rate （HRR）. Four pertinent engine operating parameters, i.e., injection timing （IT）, injection pressure （IP）, blend percentage and pecentage load were used as the input parameters for this modeling work. The ANN results show that there is a good correlation between the ANN predicted values and the experimental values for various engine performances, combustion parameters and exhaust emission characteristics. The mean square error value （MSe） is 0.005621 and the regression value ofR2 is 0.99316 for training, 0.98812 for validation, 0.9841 for testing while the overall value is 0.99173. Thus the developed ANN model is fairly powerful for predicting the performance, combustion and exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines.

关键词： cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) artificialneural networks (ANN) thermal cracking mean squareerror (MSe)

Three-dimensional models:from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： SAYUMI TAHARA SYDNeY ReNTSCH FeRNANDA COSTAS CASAL De FARIA PATRICIA SARCHeT ROMA KARNA FeDeRICA CALORe RAPHAeL e.POLLOCK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other *** to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma *** cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under *** vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell ***,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)***,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between *** the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy *** this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell *** then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO ***,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid(PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional(3D)cell culture

Sporophytic nondisjunction of the maize B chromosome at high copy numbers

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第1期37卷 79-84页

作者： Rick e.Masonbrink james A.Birchler Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri

It has been known for decades that the maize B chromosome undergoes nondisjunction at the second pollen *** in-situ hybridization （FISH） was used to undertake a quantitative study of maize plants with differing numbers of B chromosomes to observe if instability increases by increasing B dosage in root tip tissue.B chromosome nondisjunction was basically absent at low copy number,but increased at higher B ***,B nondisjunction rates are dependent on the dosage of B＇s in the *** in nondisjunction were also documented between odd and even doses of the *** plants that have inherited odd numbered doses of the B chromosome,B loss is nearly twice as likely as B gain in a somatic *** comparing plants with even doses of B＇s to plants with odd doses of B＇s,plants with even numbers had a significantly higher chance to increase in ***,the B＇s nondisjunctive capacity,previously thought to be primarily restricted to the gametophyte,is present in sporophytic cells.

关键词： maize Zea mays B chromosome nondisjunction odd-even effect

Vertebrate social communication： ecological and evolution- ary insights from social signals

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 677-679页

作者： james e HARe Guest editor Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2

1 Communication and Social Signals Wilson （1975） defines communication as ＂the action on the part of one organism （or cell） that alters the probability pattern of behavior in another organism （or cell） in a fashion adaptive to either one or both the par- ticipants＂. Only a definition this broad can capture all the term ＂communication＂ encompasses;

关键词：动物社会信号进化观生态脊椎行为模式有机体威尔逊

Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第6期21卷 2383-2390页

作者：张炜 Jan e.Nesset james A.Finch Mining & Mineral Resources Division Department of Business AdministrationChinalco China Copper Corporation Limited Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0C5Canada

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation ***,it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation,as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles *** causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration,named as frother *** reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not *** currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key *** fill this vacancy,the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was *** size was measured by sampling-for-imaging(SFI)*** total organic carbon(TOC)analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was *** have shown,with no exceptions including four different frothers,higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the *** results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two,represented by CFroth/CBulk and *** CFroth/CBulkand D32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system,strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.

关键词： flotation frother bubble size frother partitioning total organic carbon (TOC) analysis concentration gradient