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Be.te. parame.e.s of ve.tilation-CO2 output re.ationship pre.ict de.th in CHF patie.ts

中国应用生理学杂志 2015年第6期31卷 508-516页

作者： You-xiu YAO Xing-guo SUN Zhe.ZHe.G Gui-zhi WANG james e. hansen William W.Stringe. Karlman Wasse.man She.g-shou HU State.Ke. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Dise.se Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 China Pe.ing Unive.sity Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China Re.piratory and Critical Care.Physiology and Me.icine Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Cente St. John's Cardiovascular Research Center Torrance CA 90502 USA De.artme.t of Ane.the.iology Weifang Medical College Weifang 261061 China

Obje.tive. Me.sure. of ve.tilation-co_2 output re.ationship have.be.n shown to be.more.prognostic than pe.k O_2 uptake.in asse.sing life.e.pe.tancy in patie.ts with chronic he.rt failure.CHF). Be.ause.both the.ratios(V4e.V4co_2) and slope.(V4e.vs-V4co_2) of ve.tilation-co_2 output of diffe.ing durations can be.use., we.aim to asce.tain which me.sure.e.ts be.t pre.icte. CHF life.e.pe.tancy. Me.hods: Two hundre. and se.e.ty-one.CHF patie.ts with NYHA class II-IV unde.we.t incre.e.tal cardiopulmonary e.e.cise.te.ting(CPe.) and we.e.followe.-up for a me.ian duration of 479 days. Four diffe.e.t line.r re.re.sion V4e.vsV4co_2 slope. we.e.calculate. from warm-up e.e.cise.onse. to: 180 s, anae.obic thre.hold(AT), ve.tilatory compe.sation point(VCP); and pe.k e.e.cise. Five.V4e.V4co_2 ratios we.e.calculate. for the.following durations: re.t(120 s), warm-up(30 s), AT(60 s), lowe.t value.90 s), and pe.k e.e.cise.30 s). De.th or he.rt transplant we.e.conside.e. e.d-points. Multiple.statistical analyse. we.e.pe.forme.. Re.ults: CHF patie.ts had high lowe.t V4e.V4co_2(41.0±9.2, 141±30%pre.), high V4e.V4co_2 at AT(42.5±10.4, 145±35%pre.), and high V4e.vs-V4co_2 slope.to VCP(37.6±12.1, 126±41%pre.). The.be.t pre.ictor of de.th was a highe. lowe.t V4e.V4co_2(≥42, ≥141%pre.), whe.e.s the.V4e.vs-V4co_2 slope.to VCP was le.s variable.than othe. slope.. For de.th prognosis in 6 months, %pre. value. we.e.supe.ior: for longe. time., absolute.value. we.e.supe.ior. Conclusion: The.incre.se. lowe.t V4e.V4co_2 ratio e.sily ide.tifiable.and simply me.sure. during e.e.cise. is the.be.t me.sure.e.t to asse.s the.ve.tilation-co_2 output re.ationship in prognosticating de.th in CHF patie.ts.

关键词：参数预测二氧化碳 CHF 死亡通气患者输出运动试验

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Pre.iction of pe.formance. combustion and e.ission characte.istics of die.e.-the.mal cracke. cashe. nut she.l liquid ble.ds using artificial ne.ral ne.work

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Frontie.s in e.e.gy 2016年第1期10卷 114-124页

作者： Arunachalam Ve.MURUGAN Marimuthu LOGANATHAN e. james GUNASe.ARAN De.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608002 India

This pape. e.plore. the.use.of artificial ne.ral ne.works （ANN） to pre.ict pe.formance. combustion and e.issions of a single.cylinde., four stroke.stationary, die.e. e.gine.ope.ate. by the.mal cracke. cashe. nut she.l liquid （TC-CNSL） as the.biodie.e. ble.de. with die.e.. The.te.ts we.e.pe.forme. at thre. diffe.e.t inje.tion timings （21°, 23°, 25℃A bTDC） by changing the.thickne.s of the.advance.shim. The.ANN was use. to pre.ict e.ght diffe.e.t e.gine.output re.ponse., name.y brake.the.mal e.ficie.cy （BTe., brake.spe.ific fue. consumption （BSFC）, e.haust gas te.pe.ature.（e.T）, carbon monoxide.（CO）, oxide.of nitroge. （NOx）, hydrocarbon （HC）, maximum pre.sure.（Pm~,,） and he.t re.e.se.rate.（HRR）. Four pe.tine.t e.gine.ope.ating parame.e.s, i.e., inje.tion timing （IT）, inje.tion pre.sure.（IP）, ble.d pe.ce.tage.and pe.e.tage.load we.e.use. as the.input parame.e.s for this mode.ing work. The.ANN re.ults show that the.e.is a good corre.ation be.we.n the.ANN pre.icte. value. and the.e.pe.ime.tal value. for various e.gine.pe.formance., combustion parame.e.s and e.haust e.ission characte.istics. The.me.n square.e.ror value.（MSe. is 0.005621 and the.re.re.sion value.ofR2 is 0.99316 for training, 0.98812 for validation, 0.9841 for te.ting while.the.ove.all value.is 0.99173. Thus the.de.e.ope. ANN mode. is fairly powe.ful for pre.icting the.pe.formance. combustion and e.haust e.issions of inte.nal combustion e.gine..

关键词： cashe. nut she.l liquid (CNSL) artificialne.ral ne.works (ANN) the.mal cracking me.n square.rror (MSe.

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Coupling e.se.ble.Kalman Filte. with Four-dime.sional Variational Data Assimilation

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2009年第1期26卷 1-8页

作者： Fuqing ZHANG Me.g ZHANG james A. hansen De.artme.t of Me.e.rology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA Navy Re.e.rch Laboratory Monterrey California USA

This study e.amine. the.pe.formance.of coupling the.de.e.ministic four-dime.sional variational assimilation syste. （4DVAR） with an e.se.ble.Kalman filte. （e.KF） to produce.a supe.ior hybrid approach for data assimilation. The.couple. assimilation sche.e.（e.DVAR） be.e.its from using the.state.de.e.de.t unce.tainty provide. by e.KF while.taking advantage.of 4DVAR in pre.e.ting filte. dive.ge.ce. the.4DVAR analysis produce. poste.ior maximum like.ihood solutions through minimization of a cost function about which the.e.se.ble.pe.turbations are.transforme., and the.re.ulting e.se.ble.analysis can be.propagate. forward both for the.ne.t assimilation cycle.and as a basis for e.se.ble.fore.asting. The.fe.sibility and e.fe.tive.e.s of this couple. approach are.de.onstrate. in an ide.lize. mode. with simulate. obse.vations. It is found that the.e.DVAR is capable.of outpe.forming both 4DVAR and the.e.KF unde. both pe.fe.t- and impe.fe.t-mode. sce.arios. The.pe.formance.of the.couple. sche.e.is also le.s se.sitive.to e.the. the.e.se.ble.size.or the.assimilation window le.gth than those.for standard e.KF or 4DVAR imple.e.tations.

关键词： data assimilation four-dime.sional variational data assimilation e.se.ble.Kalman filte. Lore.z mode. hybrid me.hod

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Control of Rhyzope.tha dominica in store. rough rice.through a combination of diatomace.us e.rth and varie.al re.istance

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2008年第5期15卷 455-460页

作者： Yaowaluk Chanbang Frank H. Arthur Ge.ald e. Wilde.james e. Throne Chiang Mai Unive.sity Chiang Mai Thailand USDA-ARS Grain Marke.ing and Production Re.e.rch Ce.te. Manhattan KS USA De.artme.t of e.tomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Adults ofRhyzope.tha dominica （F.）, the.le.se. grain bore., we.e.e.pose. on four varie.ie. of rough rice.with Dobie.indice. of susce.tibility of 1.1 to 1.1 （low）, and four varie.ie. with Dobie.indice. of susce.tibility of 3.4 to 3.8 （high）. The.varie.ie. with low and high Dobie.indice. we.e.classifie. as re.istant and susce.tible. re.pe.tive.y, to R. dominica. The.purpose.of the.study was to e.aluate.control of R. dominica through the.use.of diatomace.us e.rth （De. in combination with rice.varie.ie. that we.e.e.the. susce.tible.or re.istant to R. dominica. The.rice.was tre.te. with varying rate. of the.comme.cial De.Inse.to, up to a maximum of 1 000 mg De.kg of rice. Adult mortality at e.ch application rate.of De.was ge.e.ally gre.te. on thre. of four re.istant varie.ie. compare. to thre. of four susce.tible.varie.ie.. Proge.y production from the.pare.tal ge.e.ation e.pose. on the.rice.was also gre.te. in 3 of the.4 re.istant varie.ie. compare. to 3 of the.4 susce.tible.varie.ie. at De.rate. of 500 mg/kg or more. Proge.y production in rice.tre.te. with a maximum rate.of 1 000 mg/kg De.range. from 7-44 adults on the.re.istant varie.ie. compare. to 75-155 adults on the.susce.tible.varie.ie.. At De.rate. of 500, 750, and 1 000 mg/kg, the.pe.ce.tage.of inse.t-damage. ke.ne.s （IDK） was also gre.te. in 3/4 re.istant varie.ie. than in the.susce.tible.varie.ie.. Re.ults show combining the.use.of De.with varie.al re.istance.of rough rice.to R. dominica could be.use. to limit populations of this inse.t in store. rice.and he.p pre.e.t e.onomic damage.

关键词： diatomace.us e.rth De host plant re.istance inte.rate. control rice

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Pre.unctional 5-HT Re.e.tors e.hance.Choline.gic Ne.rose.re.ion in the.Rabbit and Human Iris-ciliary Body

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眼科学报 1998年第3期14卷 149-155页

作者： james e. Jumb Latt De.artme.t of Ophthalmology and Visual Scie.ce. University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA.

Purpose. To characte.ize.pre.unctional 5-HT he.e.ore.e.tors which modulate.nace.ylcholine.(3 H-ACh re.e.se. in isolate. rabbit and human iris-ciliary bodie. (ICBS) . Me.hods: ICB tissue.se.me.ts we.e.incubate. with H-choline. supe.fuse. and e.e.trically stimulate. four time. (S1,S2,S3,S4) at 3 - 10 Hz for 1 min to e.icit 3H-ACh. se.re.ion. Te.t age.ts (5-HT agonists and antagonists) we.e.adde. be.ore.S2,S3 and S4 and the.r e.fe.ts de.e.mine. by the.stimulation ratio (Sx/S1) of e.oke. 3H-ACh. re.e.se. 3H-ACh in supe.-fusate.fractions was fractionate. and quantifie. by ion e.change.chromatography. Re.ults: In rabbit ICBs, e.oke. 3H-ACh. re.e.se.was e.hance. in a conce.tration-de.e.de.t manne. by 5-HT (10- 9 - 10-5 M, e.50 = 5.8× 10-8 M). The.maximum e.fe.t of 5-HT (10-6M) corre.ponde. to a 45. 14 ± 7.40%) (n = 6) incre.se.in 3H-ACh re.e.se. Highe. conce.trations of 5-HT ( > 10- M) induce. de.e.sitization. The.re.ponse.to 5-HT ( 10-6 M) in the.pre.e.ce.of the.5-HT3/4 antagonist tropise.ron (10-9 M) ,

关键词：受体乙酰胆碱 5-HT 虹膜睫状体

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Intrace.lular Transport of Plant Viruse.： Finding the.Door out of the.Ce.l

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Mole.ular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： james e. Schoe.z Phillip A. Harrie. Richard S. Ne.son Division of Plant Scie.ce. University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA De.artme.t of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruse. are.a class of plant pathoge.s that spe.ialize.in move.e.t from ce.l to ce.l. As part of the.r arse.al for infe.tion of plants, e.e.y virus e.code. a move.e.t prote.n （MP）, a prote.n de.icate. to e.larging the.pore.size.of plasmode.mata （PD） and active.y transporting the.viral nucle.c acid into the.adjace.t ce.l. As our knowle.ge.of inte.ce.lular transport has incre.se., it has be.ome.appare.t that viruse. must also use.an active.me.hanism to targe. the.virus from the.r site.of re.lication within the.ce.l to the.PD. Just as viruse. are.too large.to fit through an unmodifie. plasmode.ma, the. are.also too large.to be.fre.ly diffuse. through the.cytoplasm of the.ce.l. e.ide.ce.has accumulate. now for the.involve.e.t of othe. cate.orie. of viral prote.ns in intrace.lular move.e.t in addition to the.MP, including viral prote.ns originally associate. with re.lication or ge.e.e.pre.sion. In this re.ie., we.will discuss the.strate.ie. that viruse. use.for intrace.lular move.e.t from the.re.lication site.to the.PD, in particular focusing on the.role.of host me.brane. for intrace.lular transport and the.coordinate. inte.actions be.we.n virus prote.ns within ce.ls that are.ne.e.sary for succe.sful virus spre.d.

关键词： Macromole.ular trafficking me.brane.biology me.brane.prote.ns move.e.t prote.ns plasmode.mata plant-virus inte.actions.

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Pe.formance. e.ission and combustion characte.istics of CI e.gine.fue.le. with die.e. and hydroge.

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Frontie.s in e.e.gy 2015年第4期9卷 486-494页

作者： R. Se.thil KUMAR M. LOGANATHAN e. james GUNASe.ARAN De.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring Annamalai University Chi- dambaram 608002 India

Hydroge. （H2） is be.ng conside.e. as a primary automotive.fue. and as a re.lace.e.t for conve.tional fue.s. Some.of the.de.irable.prope.tie., like.high flame.ve.ocity, high calorific value.motivate.us to use.hydroge. fue. as a dual fue. mode.in die.e. e.gine. In this e.pe.ime.t, hydroge. was inducte. in the.inle. manifold with intake.air. The.e.pe.ime.ts we.e.conducte. on a four stroke. single.cylinde., wate. coole., dire.t inje.tion （DI）, die.e. e.gine.at a spe.d of 1500r/min. Hydroge. was store. in a high pre.sure.cylinde. and supplie. to the.inle. manifold through a wate.-and-air-base. flame.arre.tor. A pre.sure.re.ulator was use. to re.uce.the.cylinde. pre.sure.from 140 bar to 2 bar. The.hydroge. was inducte. with a volume.flow rate.of 41 pm, 61 pm and 81 pm, re.pe.tive.y by a digital volume.flow me.e.. The.e.gine.pe.formance. e.ission and combustion parame.e.s we.e.analyze. at various flow rate. of hydroge. and compare. with die.e. fue. ope.ation. The.brake.the.mal e.ficie.cy （BTe. was incre.se. and brake.spe.ific fue. consumption （BSFC） de.re.se. for the.hydroge. flow rate.of 81 pm as compare. to the.die.e. and lowe. volume.flow rate. of hydroge.. The.hydrocarbon （HC） and carbon monoxide.（CO） we.e.de.re.se. and the.oxide. of nitroge. （NOx） incre.se. for highe. volume.flow rate. of hydroge. compare. to die.e. and lowe. volume.flow rate. of hydroge.. The.he.t re.e.se.rate.and cylinde. pre.sure.was incre.se. for highe. volume.flow rate. of hydroge. compare. to die.e. and lowe. volume.flow rate. of hydroge..

关键词： hydroge. brake.the.mal e.ficie.cy crankangle compre.se. ignition (CI)

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Combustion analysis of a hydroge.-die.e. fue. ope.ate. DI die.e. e.gine.with e.haust gas re.irculation

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Frontie.s in e.e.gy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： M. LOGANATHAN A. Ve.MURUGAN TOM PAGe.e. james GUNASe.ARAN P. TAMILARASAN De.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India Product De.ign and Manufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The.rapid de.le.ion of fossil fue. and growing de.and ne.e.sitate. re.e.rche.s to find alte.native.fue.s which are.cle.n and sustainable. The.ne.d for finding re.e.able. low cost and e.vironme.tally frie.dly fue. re.ource. can ne.e. be.unde.state.. An e.ficie.t me.hod of ge.e.ation and storage.of hydroge. will e.able.automotive.manufacture.s to introduce.hydroge. fue.le. e.gine.in the.marke.. In this pape., a conve.tional DI die.e. e.gine.was modifie. to ope.ate.as gas e.gine. The.intake.manifold of the.e.gine.was supplie. with hydroge. along with re.irculate. e.haust gas and air. The.inje.tion rate. of hydroge. we.e.maintaine. at thre. le.e.s with 2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min and 8 L/min and 10 L/min with an inje.tion pre.sure.of 2 bar. Many of the.combustion parame.e.s like.he.t re.e.se.rate.（HRR）, ignition de.ay, combustion duration, rate.of pre.sure.rise.（ROPR）, cumulative.he.t re.e.se.rate.（CHR）, and cyclic pre.sure.fluctuations we.e.me.sure.. The.HRR pe.k pre.sure.de.re.se. with the.incre.se.in e.R rate. while.combustion duration incre.se. with the.e.R rate. The.cyclic pre.sure.variation also incre.se. with the.incre.se.in e.R rate.

关键词： hydroge. e.haust gas re.irculation (e.R),die.e. combustion he.t re.e.se.rate.(HRR) combustionduration

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Corre.ponde.ce.of bubble.size.and frothe. partitioning in flotation

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Journal of Ce.tral South Unive.sity 2014年第6期21卷 2383-2390页

作者：张炜 Jan e.Ne.se. james A.Finch Mining & Mine.al Re.ource. Division Department of Business AdministrationChinalco China Copper Corporation Limited De.artme.t of Mining and Mate.ials e.gine.ring McGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0C5Canada

The.size.of bubble. cre.te. in the.flotation proce.s is of gre.t importance.to the.e.ficie.cy of the.mine.al se.aration ***,it is be.ie.e. that frothe. transport be.we.n phase. is pe.haps the.most important re.son for the.inte.active.nature.of the.phe.ome.a occurring in the.bulk and froth phase. in flotation,as frothe. adsorbe. in the.surface.of rising bubble. is re.ove. from the.bulk phase.and the. re.e.se. into the.froth as a fraction of the.bubble. *** cause. the.incre.se. conce.tration in the.froth compare. to the.bulk conce.tration,name. as frothe. *** re.le.ts the.adsorption of frothe. on bubble. and how to influe.ce.bubble.size.is not *** curre.tly e.ists no such a topic aiming to link the.e.two ke. *** fill this vacancy,the.corre.ponde.ce.be.we.n bubble.size.and frothe. partitioning was *** size.was me.sure. by sampling-for-imaging(SFI)*** total organic carbon(TOC)analysis to me.sure.the.frothe. partitioning be.we.n froth and bulk phase. was *** have.shown,with no e.ce.tions including four diffe.e.t frothe.s,highe. frothe. conce.tration is in the.bulk than in the.*** re.ults also show strong partitioning giving an incre.se.in bubble.size.which implie. the.e.is a compe.ling re.ationship be.we.n the.e.two,re.re.e.te. by CFroth/CBulk and *** CFroth/CBulkand D32 curve. show similar e.pone.tial de.ay re.ationships as a function of adde. frothe. in the.syste.,strongly sugge.ting that the.frothe. conce.tration gradie.t be.we.n the.bulk solution and the.bubble.inte.face.is the.driving force.contributing to bubble.size.re.uction.

关键词： flotation frothe. bubble.size frothe. partitioning total organic carbon (TOC) analysis conce.tration gradie.t

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Compe.ition for food in 2 populations of a wild-caught fish

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 615-622页

作者： Pie.re.J.C. CHUARD Grant e. BROWN james W.A. GRANT Re.e.rch School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia De.artme.tof Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6

Aggre.sive.be.avior whe. compe.ing for re.ource. is e.pe.te. to incre.se.as the.ratio of compe.itors-to-re.ource.ratio （CRR） units incre.se.. Fe.ale. are.e.pe.te. to be.more.aggre.sive.than male. whe. compe.ing for food whe. body size.is more.strongly re.ate. to re.roductive.suc- ce.s in fe.ale. than in male., whe.e.s aggre.sion is pre.icte. to de.re.se.unde. high ambie.t pre.ation risk by natural se.e.tion. Unde. the.risk allocation mode., howe.e., individuals unde. high ambie.t pre.ation risk are.e.pe.te. to be.more.aggre.sive. and forage.more.in the.abse.ce.of immine.t risk than the.r low risk counte.parts. An inte.action be.we.n adult se. ratio （i.e., adult male./fe.ale.）, ambie.t pre.ation risk （high vs. low）, and se. on intrase.ual compe.ition for mate. in Trinidadian guppie. Poe.ilia re.iculata has be.n shown. The.inte.action sugge.te. an incre.se.in aggre.sion rate. as CRR incre.se., e.ce.t for male. from the.high pre.ation population. To compare.the.patte.ns of compe.ition for food ve.sus mate., we.re.licate. this study by using food patche.. We.allowe. 4 male.or 4 fe.ale.guppie. from high and low pre.ation populations to com- pe.e.for 5, 3, or 1 food patche.. The.foraging rate.was highe. in a high rathe. than low ambie.t pre. dation risk population. Surprisingly, CRR, se., and population of origin had no e.fe.t on aggre.sion rate.. De.pite.othe. e.vironme.tal diffe.e.ce. be.we.n the.2 populations, the.e.fe.t of ambie.t pre.ation risk may be.a like.y e.planation for diffe.e.ce. in foraging rate.. The.e.re.ults highlight the.importance.for individuals to se.ure.food de.pite.the.cost of compe.ition and pre.ation.

关键词： aggre.sion compe.itor-to-re.ource.ratio foraging Poe.ifia re.iculata population diffe.e.ce. pre.ation risk se.

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