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Number of COVID-19 cases required in a population to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in the province of Alberta, Canada:Sensitivity assessment

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 843-850页

作者： Qiaozhi Li Bonita e.Lee Tiejun Gao Yuanyuan Qiu erik ellehoj Jiaao Yu Mathew Diggle Graham Tipples Rasha Maal-Bared Deena Hinshaw Christopher Sikora Nicholas J.Ashbolt james Talbot Steve e.Hrudey Xiaoli Pang School of Public Health University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2B7Canada University of Alberta Central Receiving EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2R3Canada Provincial Laboratory for Public Health EdmontonAlbertaCanada ePCOR EdmontonAB T5H 0E8Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G3Canada Faculty of Science and engineering Southern Cross UniversityEast Lismore NSW 2480Australia

With a unique and large size of testing results of 1,842 samples collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for 14 months through from low to high prevalence of COVID-19,the sensitivity of RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater that correspond to the communities was computed by using Probit *** study determined the number of new COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population required to detect SARS-CoV-2RNA in wastewater at defined probabilities and provided an evidence-based framework of wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance (WBe).Input data were positive and negative test results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples and the corresponding new COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 population served by each *** analyses determined that RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection threshold at 50%,80%and 99%probability required a median of 8 (range:4-19),18 (9-43),and 38 (17-97) of new COVID-19 cases/100,000,***,the positive detection rate at 50%,80%and 99%probability were 0.01%,0.02%,and 0.04%averagely for new cases in the *** study improves understanding of the performance of WBe SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using the large datasets and prolonged study *** COVID-19 burden at a community level that would result in a positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is critical to support WBe application as a supplementary warning/monitoring system for COVID-19 prevention and control.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cases Wastewater Probit analysis Probability Detection sensitivity

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Addressing nonresponse bias in forest inventory change estimation using response homogeneity classifications

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Forest ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： james A.Westfall Mark D.Nelson U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

estimating amounts of change in forest resources over time is a key function of most national forest inventories(NFI). As this information is used broadly for many management and policy purposes, it is imperative that accurate estimations are made from the survey sample. Robust sampling designs are often used to help ensure representation of the population, but often the full sample is unrealized due to hazardous conditions or possibly lack of land access permission. Potentially, bias may be imparted to the sample if the nonresponse is nonrandom with respect to forest characteristics, which becomes more difficult to assess for change estimation methods that require measurements of the same sample plots at two points in time, i.e., remeasurement. To examine potential nonresponse bias in change estimates, two synthetic populations were constructed: 1) a typical NFI population consisting of both forest and nonforest plots, and 2) a population that mimics a large catastrophic disturbance event within a forested population. Comparisons of estimates under various nonresponse scenarios were made using a standard implementation of post-stratified estimation as well as an alternative approach that groups plots having similar response probabilities(response homogeneity). When using the post-stratified estimators, the amount of change was overestimated for the NFI population and was underestimated for the disturbance population, whereas the response homogeneity approach produced nearly unbiased estimates under the assumption of equal response probability within groups. These outcomes suggest that formal strategies may be needed to obtain accurate change estimates in the presence of nonrandom nonresponse.

关键词： Disturbance Post-stratification Land use conversion Sample bias

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Using immune cell-based bioactivity assays to compare the inflammatory activities of oil sands process-affected waters from a pilot scale demonstration pit lake

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 55-70页

作者： Dustin M.e.Lillico Nora A.S.Hussain Yemaya Y.Choo-Yin Rui Qin Zuo Tong How Mohamed Gamal el-Din james L.Stafford Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaAlberta T6G 2E9Canada Department of Civil and environmental engineering University of AlbertaAlberta T6G 2E9Canada

In this study,we provide evidence that oil sands process-affected waters(OSPW)contain factors that activate the antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses of immune ***,using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line,we establish the bioactivity of two different OSPW samples and their isolated ***,we directly compared the bioactivity of two pilot scale demonstration pit lake(DPL)water samples,which included expressed water from treated tailings(termed the before water capping sample;BWC)as well as an after water capping(AWC)sample consisting of a mixture of expressed water,precipitation,upland runoff,coagulated OSPW and added *** inflammatory(*** activating)bioactivity was associated with the AWC sample and its organic fraction(OF),whereas the BWC sample had reduced bioactivity that was primarily associated with its inorganic fraction(IF).Overall,these results indicate that at non-toxic exposure doses,the RAW 264.7 cell line serves as an acute,sensitive and reliable biosensor for the screening of inflammatory constituents within and among discrete OSPW samples.

关键词： OSPW Oil sands Tailings ponds Remediation Macrophages Bioactivity Bioindicator Immunoecotoxicology

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Intensity of effort and momentary failure in resistance training:Are we asking a binary question for a continuous variable?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 644-647页

作者： james P.Fisher james Steele Dave Smith School of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Research Centre for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

*** There is a growing body of research supporting the idea that a plethora of health benefits can result from resistance training using a low volume,high-effort approach(e.g.,increased metabolic rate and bone mineral density,a reduction in blood pressure,and improved muscle quality and insulin sensitivity,among ***,muscular strength and muscle massprimary goals and benefits of participation in resistance trainingare independently strong predictors of longevity and quality of life. Thus,many have sought to identify how the manipulation of resistance training variables might lead to“optimal”adaptations in such outcomes,as evidenced by repeated attempts over recent decades to review the literature and provide consensus statements on this topic.5-10 One variable that is often hotly debated within resistance training is training to failure.

关键词： resistance binary continuous

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Artisanal ceramic factories using wood combustion:A nanoparticles and human health study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 488-497页

作者： Kátia Martinello james C.Hower Diana Pinto Carlos e.Schnorr Guilherme L.Dotto Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira Claudete G.Ramos Instituto Inanís Rua Felizardo FurtadoPorto AlegreBrazil Department of Civil and environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia University of Kentucky Department of Earth&Environmental SciencesLexingtonKY 40506USA University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Centro de estudos em estresse Oxidativo-Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS) Porto AlegreRSBrazil Chemical engineering Department Federal University of Santa MariaUFSMRoraima Avenue1000Santa MariaRS97105-900Brazil Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura Universidad de LimaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600–Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

The ceramics industry,resulting from developments of modern compounds,is a segment of great influence in worldwide *** ceramic factories based on wood combustion have significant risks for the creation and discharge of atmosphere nanoparticles(NPs)and ultra-fine particles(UFPs).At present,there is insufficient recognition on the influence of engineered-NPs on the atmosphere and *** improvements are indispensable to diminish contact with *** present study demonstrates the main NPs and UFPS present in an area of intense artisanal wood-combustion ceramic *** matter was sampled for morphological,chemical,and geochemical studies by sophisticated electron microbeam microscopy,X-Ray Diffraction,and Raman *** NPs configuration(e identify *** amorphous NPs(>10 nm)were produced around the studied artisanal ceramic *** study presents an indication of the recent information on population and work-related contact to NPs in the artisanal ceramic factories and their influence on health.

关键词： Ceramic manufacturing Nanoparticles Advanced characterization Multiple impacts

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Beyond cardiomyocytes:Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第4期12卷 423-437,F0003页

作者： Lena e.Trager Margaret Lyons Alexandra Kuznetsov Cedric Sheffield Kangsan Roh Rebecca Freeman james Rhee J.Sawalla Guseh Haobo Li Anthony Rosenzweig Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA University of Minnesota Medical School MinneapolisMI 55455USA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Institute for Heart and Brain Health University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Cardiomyocytes comprise~70%to 85%of the total volume of the adult mammalian heart but only about 25%to 35%of its total number of *** in single cell and single nuclei RNA sequencing have greatly facilitated investigation into and increased appreciation of the potential functions of non-cardiomyocytes in the *** much of this work has focused on the relationship between non-cardiomyocytes,disease,and the heart's response to pathological stress,it will also be important to understand the roles that these cells play in the healthy heart,cardiac homeostasis,and the response to physiological stress such as *** present review summarizes recent research highlighting dynamic changes in non-cardiomyocytes in response to the physiological stress of *** particular interest are changes in fibrotic pathways,the cardiac vasculature,and immune or inflammatory *** many instances,limited data are available about how specific lineages change in response to exercise or whether the changes observed are functionally important,underscoring the need for further research.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiac fibrosis Cardioprotection Hypertrophy Non-cardiomyocytes Proliferation

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New models for defining prostate cancer biology and patient prognosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 119-120页

作者： james Brundage Benjamin L Maughan Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah2000 Circle of HopeSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Currently,the prognosis of patients with metastatic prostate cancer is most commonly defined by clinical factors including performance status,presence of visceral metastasis,lactate dehydrogenase level,opioid analgesic use,albumin level,presence of anemia,prostate-specific antigen level,and alkaline phosphatase level(i.e.,Halabi model).1 This model is most commonly used in the current prospective clinical trials ***,it is only an inference of the underlying biology and not a direct measurement of that biology.

关键词： prognosis clinical cancer

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Association between tourniquet use and intraoperative blood loss during below-knee amputation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第7期13卷 644-651页

作者： Alden e Wyland erik Woelber Liam H Wong Jordan Arakawa Zachary M Working james Meeker School of Medicine Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States

BACKGROUND Despite over 150000 amputations of lower limbs annually,there remains a wide variation in tourniquet practice patterns and no consensus on their necessity,especially among orthopedic patient *** purpose of this study was to determine whether tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing below knee amputation(BKA) was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** To determine if tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing BKA was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing BKA by orthopedic surgeons at a tertiary care hospital from 2008 through *** loss was calculated using a combination of the Nadler equation for preoperative blood volume and a novel formula utilizing preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and *** and forwards step-wise multivariate linear regressions were performed to determine the association between tourniquet use and blood loss.A Wilcoxon was used to determine the univariate relationship between tourniquet use and blood loss for in the restricted subgroups of patients who underwent BKA for trauma,tumor,and *** Of 97 eligible patients identified,67 underwent surgery with a tourniquet and 30 did *** multivariate regression,tourniquet use was associated with a 488 mL decrease in calculated blood loss(CI 119-857,P = 0.01).In subgroup analysis,no individual group showed a statistically significant decrease in blood loss with tourniquet *** was no significant association between tourniquet use and either postoperative transfusions or reoperation at one *** We found that tourniquet use during BKA is associated with decreased calculated intraoperative blood *** recommend that surgeons performing this procedure use a tourniquet to minimize blood loss.

关键词： Amputation Tourniquet Blood loss Hemostasis

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exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States:a rapid evidence review

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Global Health Journal 2023年第1期7卷 9-17页

作者： Suhang Song Brian H.Calhoun james e.Kucik Kristin J.Konnyu Renata Hilson Policy Research Analysisand Development OfficeOffice of the Associate Director for Policy and StrategyUS Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA 30329USA The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and education Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Health Policy and Management College of Public HealthUniversity of GeorgiaAthenGA 30602USA Center for evidence Synthesis in Health School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvidence RI02912USA

Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or *** current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with ***:We conducted a rapid evidence *** search of seven databases,including Medline,embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were ***:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey *** this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health *** terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap *** for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality ***:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health *** research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.

关键词： Paid sick leave Healthcare utilization Health outcomes Rapid evidence revie

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Sporophytic nondisjunction of the maize B chromosome at high copy numbers

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第1期37卷 79-84页

作者： Rick e.Masonbrink james A.Birchler Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri

It has been known for decades that the maize B chromosome undergoes nondisjunction at the second pollen *** in-situ hybridization （FISH） was used to undertake a quantitative study of maize plants with differing numbers of B chromosomes to observe if instability increases by increasing B dosage in root tip tissue.B chromosome nondisjunction was basically absent at low copy number,but increased at higher B ***,B nondisjunction rates are dependent on the dosage of B＇s in the *** in nondisjunction were also documented between odd and even doses of the *** plants that have inherited odd numbered doses of the B chromosome,B loss is nearly twice as likely as B gain in a somatic *** comparing plants with even doses of B＇s to plants with odd doses of B＇s,plants with even numbers had a significantly higher chance to increase in ***,the B＇s nondisjunctive capacity,previously thought to be primarily restricted to the gametophyte,is present in sporophytic cells.

关键词： maize Zea mays B chromosome nondisjunction odd-even effect

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