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Addressing nonresponse bias in forest inventory change estimation using response homogeneity classifications

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： james A.Westfall Mark d.Nelson U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

Estimating amounts of change in forest resources over time is a key function of most national forest inventories(NFI). As this information is used broadly for many management and policy purposes, it is imperative that accurate estimations are made from the survey sample. Robust sampling designs are often used to help ensure representation of the population, but often the full sample is unrealized due to hazardous conditions or possibly lack of land access permission. Potentially, bias may be imparted to the sample if the nonresponse is nonrandom with respect to forest characteristics, which becomes more difficult to assess for change estimation methods that require measurements of the same sample plots at two points in time, i.e., remeasurement. To examine potential nonresponse bias in change estimates, two synthetic populations were constructed: 1) a typical NFI population consisting of both forest and nonforest plots, and 2) a population that mimics a large catastrophic disturbance event within a forested population. Comparisons of estimates under various nonresponse scenarios were made using a standard implementation of post-stratified estimation as well as an alternative approach that groups plots having similar response probabilities(response homogeneity). When using the post-stratified estimators, the amount of change was overestimated for the NFI population and was underestimated for the disturbance population, whereas the response homogeneity approach produced nearly unbiased estimates under the assumption of equal response probability within groups. These outcomes suggest that formal strategies may be needed to obtain accurate change estimates in the presence of nonrandom nonresponse.

关键词： disturbance Post-stratification Land use conversion Sample bias

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An Automated,Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Adele Byars Khushi R.Kompally Emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom Alexander Mikhonin Justin L.Neill Ruth Boetzel james MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian Li Yizhou Liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&d UK Limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and development Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and *** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction *** the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of dL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)dL-Met injected(dLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both dLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pd to the *** dLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pd insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(Md2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOd1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pdings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： dL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Thiopurine use associated with reduced B and natural killer cells in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3240-3251页

作者： james d Lord donna M Shows Translational Research Program Benaroya Research Institute Gastroenterology division Virginia Mason Medical Center

To identify which blood and mucosal lymphocyte populations are specifically depleted by thiopurine use in *** thiopurines azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have been a mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBd) therapy for decades, but their mechanism of action in vivo remains obscure. Although thiopurines are lymphotoxic at high doses, and have been reported to cause T cell apoptosis in vitro, their ability to control IBd at lower doses suggests that they may selectively deplete particular lymphocyte populations. Blood cells from 19 IBd patients on a thiopurine, 19 IBd patients not on a thiopurine, and 38 matched healthy control subjects were analyzed by multiple multi-color flow cytometry panels to quantify the immune cell subsets contained therein, both as a percent of cells, and as an absolute cell count. Similar analyses were performed on colon biopsies from 17 IBd patients on a thiopurine, 17 IBd patients not on a thiopurine, and 49 healthy screening colonoscopy *** blood counts revealed lower lymphocyte, but not monocyte or granulocyte, counts in IBd patients who were taking thiopurines at the time of sampling. This reduction was restricted to Cd3-negative lymphocytes, wherein both natural killer (NK) and B cells were significantly reduced among thiopurine recipients. Among Cd19+ B cells, the transitional B cells were particularly depleted, being nearly absent in both blood and colon biopsies of thiopurine recipients. No differences were associated with thiopurine use in Cd8+ T cells, mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, gamma/delta T cells, Th1, Th17, regulatory T cells (Tregs) or naïve Cd4+ T cells. However, patients with IBd had significantly more circulating FOXP3+, Helios+ Tregs and fewer iNKT and MAIT cells than healthy *** use is associated with reduced B and NK cell, but not T cell, subpopulations in the blood of IBd patients.

关键词： Thiopurine Azathioprine Mercaptopurine Lymphocyte Natural killer cell Transitional B cell Inflammatory bowel disease

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Treatment of Neuropathic Pain with Plant Medicines

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2012年第8期18卷 565-570页

作者： Garima Garg james d.Adams department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Southern California1985 Zonal AvenueLos AngelesCA 90089-9121USA

Neuropathic pain is a common and very prevalent disorder affecting the citizens of both developed and developing countries. The approved and licensed drugs for neuropathic pain are reported to have associated side effects. Traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Among the many medications and other alternative medicines, several herbs are known to cure and control neuropathic pain with no side effects. The present paper discusses the plants with neuropathic pain and related beneficial effects originating from different parts of world that are of current interest.

关键词： neuropathic pain peripheral neuropathy medicinal plants

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Micromorphic theory:a gateway to nano world

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2010年第2期1卷 115-135页

作者： Xianqiao Wang james d.Lee department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Micromorphic theory(MMT)envisions a material body as a continuous collection of deformable particles;each possesses finite size and inner *** is considered as the most successful top-down formulation of a two-level continuum model,in which the deformation is expressed as a sum of macroscopic continuous deformation and internal microscopic deformation of the inner *** this work,the kinematics including the objective Eringen tensors is *** laws are derived by requiring the energy equation to be form-invariant under the generalized Galilean *** concept of material force and the balance law of pseudomomentum are generalized for *** axiomatic approach is demonstrated in the formulation of constitutive equations for a generalized micromorphic thermoviscoelastic solid,generalized micromorphic fluid,micromorphic plasticity,and micromorphic electromagnetic-thermoelastic *** of MMT in micro/nanoscale are discussed.

关键词： micromorphic theory Eringen tensors constitutive theory generalized micromorphic solid/fluid electromagnetic-thermoelastic coupling micro/nanomechanics

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Methodology to locate and quantify radial winding deformation in power transformers

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High Voltage 2017年第1期2卷 17-24页

作者： Steven d.Mitche james S.Wesh School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanN.S.W 2308Australia

Frequency response analysis(FRA)is a tool that can be used to detect changes within the structural geometry of a *** application of FRA is to detect winding displacement after the transformer experiences an overcurrent *** paper proposes a methodology which will facilitate both locating and quantifying winding *** procedure is based on the fitting of a Gray Box transformer model to FRA measurements which were recorded both before and after the *** variation in key parameters of the model can then be used to quantify winding deformation *** research will demonstrate the applicability of this approach to a wide range of transformer applications by using FRA from a modified 1.3 MVA distribution transformer,and assessing the change in key parameters relative to the emulated buckling introduced to the *** authors propose that this approach is ideally suited for use within an automated diagnostic system which will locate,diagnose and quantify winding deformation within power transformers.

关键词： winding deformation power

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The Role of RNA Structure in Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 535-543页

作者： Elina Jacobs james d.Mills Michael Janitz College of Science and Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JRUnited Kingdom School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

As more information is gathered on the mechanisms of transcription and translation, it is becoming apparent that these processes are highly regulated. The formation of mRNA secondary and tertiary structures is one such regulatory process that until recently it has not been analysed in depth. Formation of these mRNA structures has the potential to enhance and inhibit alternative splicing of transcripts, and regulate rates and amount of translation. As this regulatory mechanism potentially impacts at both the transcriptional and translational level, while also potentially utilising the vast array of non-coding RNAs, it warrants further investigation. Currently, a variety of high- throughput sequencing techniques including parallel analysis of RNA structure （PARS）, fragmentation sequencing （FragSeq） and selective 2-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension （SHAPE） lead the way in the genome-wide identification and analysis of mRNA structure formation. These new sequencing techniques highlight the diversity and complexity of the transcriptome, and demonstrate another regulatory mechanism that could become a target for new therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Transcriptome mRNA structure Parallel analysis of RNA structure Fragmentation sequencing PARS FragSeq SHAPE-Seq

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Special issue on “Fluorescent probes”

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 1-3页

作者： Adam C.Sedgwick Tony d.james department of Chemistry University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712-1224USA department of Chemistry University of BathBathBA27AYUK

Fluorescent probes are intelligently designed molecules that transform the act of binding/reacting with a target analyte into an optical signal[1,2].Their high sensitivity and specificity coupled with high spatial and temporal resolution offers a non-invasive approach to observe a specific analyte within complex biological environments in real time with high precision[3].These"molecular tools"have the capability to interrogate the role of specific biomarkers that are associated with a particular disease state or can be used to improve our understanding of the role or certain species in a biological pathway[4,5].

关键词： Fluorescent specific reacting

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Where physics meets chemistry： Thin film deposition from reactive plasmas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 441-458页

作者： Andrew Michelmore Jason d. Whittle james W. Bradley Robert d. Short School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ UK Material Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK

Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an industrially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled surface functionalization is plasma deposition. Plasma deposition has advantages over other surface engineering processes, including that it is solvent free, substrate and geometry independent, and the surface properties of the film can be designed by judicious choice of precursor and plasma conditions. despite the utility of this method, the mechanisms of plasma polymer growth are generally unknown, and are usually described by chemical （i.e., radical） pathways. In this review, we aim to show that plasma physics drives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and surface-plasma interactions. For example, we show that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and also arrive at surfaces with energies greater than 1000 kJ·mol^-1 （〉10 eV） and thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film deposition processes requires an understanding of both physical and chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry,functionalization polymer

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