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Graded coal-its role in iron casting production from greensand systems

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China Foundry 2011年第2期8卷 235-238页

作者： alexander Brown james Durrans & Sons Ltd Phoenix WorksPenistoneSheffield S36 9QUEngland

Coal has often been regarded as a problem additive to solve and improve the surface finish of iron castings,but at the same time causes other issues such as increased loss on ignition,total fines and moisture in system *** many altermatives have been tried,there is no real substitute for thw all round properties of this wonderful natural *** the correct choice of coal,the combination of low ash,high volatile and swell index properties coupled with the key element of grading size,ensures castings are produced free from metal penetration and surface related *** careful selection,safe handling and processing coal continues to offer a good simple cost effective *** is subject to regulations in storage,processing and transportation and then further subjected to safe handling and use by the *** these handicaps,it is still economical to the end user and modern processing and grading methods ensure it is used in the optimum condition to help produce quality castings.

关键词： graded coal carbonaceous additive bentonite iron casting greensand system production

Emergent reintubation following elective cervical surgery:A case series

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第6期8卷 465-470页

作者： Joshua Schroeder Stephan N Salzmann alexander P Hughes james D Beckman Jennifer Shue Federico P Girardi Spine Service Hospital for Special Surgery

AIM To review cases of emergent reintubation after cervical *** Patients who were emergently intubated in the postoperative period following cervical surgery were identified. The patients' prospectively documented demographic parameters, medical history and clinical symptoms were ascertained. Pre-operative radiographs were examined for the extent of their pathology. The details of the operative procedure were *** Eight hundred and eighty patients received anterioror combined anterior-posterior cervical surgery from 2008-2013. Nine patients(1.02%) required emergent reintubation. The interval between extubation to reintubation was 6.2 h [1-12]. Patients were kept intubated after reintubation for 2.3 d [2-3]. Seven patients displayed moderate postoperative edema. One patient was diagnosed with a compressive hematoma whichwas subsequently evacuated in the OR. Another patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary effusion and treated with diuretics. One patient received a late debridement for an infected hematoma. Six patients reported residual symptoms and three patients made a complete recovery. CONCLUSION Respiratory compromise is a rare but potentially life threatening complication following cervical surgery. Patients at increased risk should be monitored closely for extended periods of time post-operatively. If the airway is restored adequately in a timely manner through emergent re-intubation, the outcome of the patients is generally favorable.

关键词： Cervical surgery Complication Airway compromise Reintubation Hematoma

大数据分析法的可访问性视域下中美中小企业贸易风险防范研究

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大数据分析法的可访问性视域下中美中小企业贸易风险防范研究

作者： alexander james Hickman 西南大学

学位级别：硕士

近几年来中美贸易紧张,特别是今年激烈的中美贸易战给两国经济贸易的各个方面带来了很大的影响,但这两国之间的贸易仍是世界经济贸易的重要组成部分,这两国也在长期的贸易中跟彼此形成了很强依赖关系。其中中美中小企业是中美贸易的主... 详细信息

近几年来中美贸易紧张,特别是今年激烈的中美贸易战给两国经济贸易的各个方面带来了很大的影响,但这两国之间的贸易仍是世界经济贸易的重要组成部分,这两国也在长期的贸易中跟彼此形成了很强依赖关系。其中中美中小企业是中美贸易的主要组成部分,对两国来说中小企业都是重要的经济因素且占据了很高的比重,其促使两国在创新、技术和社会的各方面都取得了很大的进步。但是经营和管理一家进行中美国际贸易的企业有很多困难,除了受限于国际贸易的许多规定之外,公司还必须承担在海外开展业务的外生性风险和内生性风险,以及由于自身特性劣势所导致在进行国际贸易时的阻碍。目前大多数在国际上经营的中小企业通过保险、留置和风险管理等机制保护自己,但是这些管理机制受到时间空间的影响比较大,时效性比较差。风险管理的一种形式是处理业务决策,一个明智的商业决定可以规避风险;另一种方式是获取信息,由于大数据时代的到来,给国际贸易带来了新的机遇和挑战,也给中小企业国际贸易带来机会以及找到风险防御的新的有效方式,现在获取信息的最新最快的方法之一是大数据分析(关于市场、竞争对手、合作伙伴、管理、产品、出货量等信息),如果更多在海外开展业务的中国和美国中小企业能够获得大数据信息和分析技术,市场整体的风险管理将有所改善。然而由于目前大数据的可访问性并不高,进行国际贸易的中美中小企业使用大数据分析技术的并不多,并未能够及时地改进自身风险管理手段,如何通过提高大数据的可访问性,对中美中小企业国际贸易风险进行防御有待研究。此研究通过文献调查法、问卷调查法、数理统计和逻辑分析法对办理中美国际贸易业务的中美中小企业进行调查研究。通过查阅期刊杂志文献和新闻资讯、报纸等了解到更多的研究主题的背景,以及得到一些支持笔者观点的论据,通过对近年来进行中美国际贸易的具有一定代表性的中美中小企业发放问卷,对之后获得的资料进行整理,使用SPSS软件对获得的数据进行分析,分析当大数据的可访问性提高,办理国际贸易业务的中美中小企业是否更积极的使用大数据分析方法来提高对风险的防御,进而分析大数据的可访问性如何提高中美中小企业贸易的风险防御。通过对收集的资料和数据分析表明:首先,随着大数据可访问性的提高,来自中国和美国的更多跨国经营的中小企业将能够及时获得最新准确的信息以做出更好的商业决策,从而很大程度地改善风险管理;第二,由于中小企业的伙伴关系有限和规模较小以及经营半径小,有些中小企业习惯于旧的风险防范管理模式,认为不需要过多的商业研究和决策才能获得更多的利润,且认为过度的风险管理对这些中小企业来说是增加负担,有些中美中小企业则是因为没有能力负担投资支出所以选择不用;第三,中美中小企业贸易存在许多风险;第四,市场上存在着对大数据信息分析的这种需求;第五,文中将大数据划分为3个属性来定义它的可访问性:可负担性、简单性和相关性,大数据的可访问性对中美中小企业贸易风险管理产生了积极影响,数据分析的可访问性提高能够促使中美中小企业在国际贸易中更好的规避风险以及获得更大的收益。通过对大数据可访问性对中美中小企业贸易的风险防御的影响研究分析,文章针对相关问题提出了一些建设性的建议,希望通过此论文让更多的中美中小企业重视大数据分析的使用,从而促进中美两国中小企业贸易的顺利进行,以及让彼此获得更大的效益和发展。

关键词：大数据可访问性中小企业中美贸易国际贸易

The stadium effect:rodent damage patterns in rice fields explored using giving-up densities

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 438-445页

作者： Clare R.JONES Renee P.LORICA james M.VILLEGAS Angelee F.RAMAL Finbarr G.HORGAN Grant R.SINGLETON alexander M.STUART Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK Centre for Compassionate Conservation University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Rodents are globally important pre-harvest pests of *** Southeast Asia,rodent damage to growing rice crops is commonly concentrated towards the center of rice fields,away from the field edge,resulting in a clear pattern known as the“stadium effect.”To further understand this behavior of rodent pests and to develop recommendations for future research and management,we examined the relation between giving-up densities(GUDs)and damage *** Tanay,Luzon,Philippines,GUD trays containing pieces of coconut in a matrix of sand were placed at 4 different distances from the field edge to quantify the perceived risk of predation in a rice field pest,Rattus *** were recorded during a dry and wet season crop at the reproductive and ripening stages of *** addition,assessments of active burrows,tracking tile activity and rodent damage to the rice crop,were conducted in the dry *** were significantly lower in the center of the rice fields than on the field edges,suggesting that rodent damage to rice is greater in the middle of rice fields due to a lower perceived predation ***,this perception of predation risk(or fear)increases towards the field edge and was greatest on the rice bund,where there was no vegetation *** discuss the implications for rodent management and rodent damage assessments in rice *** is the first documented use of GUDs in a rice agro-ecosystem in Asia;thus we identify the challenges and lessons learned through this process.

关键词： habitat use landscape of fear pest management Rattus tanezumi rodent behavior

Efficacy and safety of standard and anti-reflux self-expanding metal stent: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019年第4期11卷 271-280页

作者： Sudha Pandit Hrishikesh Samant james Morris Steven J alexander Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Louisiana State University Health Science Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Louisiana State UniversitySchool of Medicine

BACKGROUND Self-expanding metal stents are the main palliative treatment modality for unresectable esophageal cancer. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common adverse outcome after placement of esophageal stent for cancer involving the gastroesophageal junction and the gastric cardia. Anti-reflux stents with valve have been designed to prevent the acid reflux. The superiority of anti-reflux stent over standard stent in preventing gastroesophageal reflux has not been established well. This study compares the anti-reflux stent and the standard stent in terms of their efficacy to prevent acid *** To compare the standard and the anti-reflux stents in terms of their efficacy,safety, and *** The meta-analysis included 8 randomized clinical trials(RCTs) to compare pooled outcomes of total 395 patients. Primary outcomes include improvement in reflux symptoms and dysphagia score. Secondary outcomes include complications of stent migration, occlusion, and *** A total of eight RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the standard stent, the anti-reflux stent showed a trend towards reduction in the dysphagia score without reaching a statistical significance [Standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.33(-0.71, 0.05); P = 0.09, I2: 37%]. There was no statistical difference in the gastrointestinal reflux(GER) scores between the two types of stents [SMD:-0.17(-0.78, 0.45); P = 0.008, I2: 74%]. Compared to standard stent,anti-reflux stent showed no difference in the risk of stent migration [OR: 1.37(0.66, 2.83); P = 0.40, I2: 0 %], bleeding [OR: 1.43(0.40, 5.13); P = 0.59, I2: 0 %], and obstruction [OR: 1.66(0.60, 4.60); P = 0.33, I2: 0 %].CONCLUSION Traditional self-expanding standard esophageal stent and anti-reflux stent with valve are similar in terms of outcomes and complications.

关键词： Self expanding metal stent Anti-reflux stent Randomized controlled trial Esophageal stent Meta-analysis

Functional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh H Vasant alexander C Ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St.james’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission ***,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent *** further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger *** this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based ***,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological *** is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active *** article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Functional gastrointestinal disorders Faecal incontinence Pelvic floor dyssynergia

Biochar addition to vineyard soils:effects on soil functions,grape yield and wine quality

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 565-577页

作者： Manuel García-Jaramillo Kylie M.Meyer Claire L.Phillips Verónica Acosta-Martínez james Osborne alexander D.Levin Kristin M.Trippe Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the EnvironmentAmesIA 50011USA Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit USDA-ARSLubbockTX 79415USA Department of Food Science and Technology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center Oregon State UniversityCentral PointOR 97502USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

In response to increasing concerns over climate change,soil health and wine quality,grape growers are seeking new practices(e.g.,biochar application)to minimize their environmental footprint while increasing productivity and the quality of their *** explore the potential of biochar-based amendments to achieve these goals in wine grape production,vineyard trials were established in the fall of *** Oregon sites were chosen with distinct soil types and climates(Willamette Valley and Rogue Valley)but planted with the same grapevine scion/rootstock Pinot noir *** treatments were applied under vines at each location:no biochar-no tillage(NT);no biochar+tillage(B0);18 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B18);35 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B35).In 2019,a suite of soil health,plant,and crop variables were measured,and wines were produced after *** incorporation of biochar modified the chemical and physical composition of soils at the two studied locations,increasing the bioavailability of carbon and nitrogen,their gravimetric water content and the concentration of plant available micro and macro *** responses of plant physiology parameters or productivity at either site were found after biochar incorporation when compared with ***,a significant and gradual decrease in the amount of wine tannins was found as a result of biochar application in wines produced from grapes from the Woodhall ***-term field experiments are required to assess the effects of biochar on soil properties,vine physiol-ogy,productivity,and grape and wine quality several years after incorporation.

关键词： Soil health C sequestration Wine quality

Walking for health during pregnancy:A literature review and considerations for future research

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 401-411页

作者： Christopher P.Connolly Scott A.Conger alexander H.K.Montoye Mallory R.Marshall Rebecca A.Schlaff Sylvia E.Badon james M.Pivarnik Kinesiology Program Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-1410USA Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Department of Integrative Physiology and Health Science Alma CollegeAlmaMI 48801USA Department of Kinesiology Samford UniversityBirminghamAL 35229USA Department of Kinesiology Saginaw Valley State UniversityUniversity CenterMI 48710USA Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94612USA Department of Kinesiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824-1034USA

Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity(PA)during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and *** initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general,but little emphasis is directed toward pregnant women,the majority of whom are insufficiently *** women face a variety of dynamic barriers to a physically active lifestyle,some of which are more commonly experienced during specific times throughout the pregnancy *** is unique in that it appears resistant to a number of these barriers that limit other types of PA participation,and it can be meaningfully integrated into some transportation and occupational activities when leisure-time options are *** intervention work suggests that walking programs can be effectively adopted into a typical pregnancy ***,a great deal of work remains to administer successful pregnancy walking interventions,including developing and using validated methods of PA and walking *** narrative review discusses the unique advantages of walking during pregnancy,provides recommendations for future intervention work,and outlines the need for pregnancy-focused community walking *** search procedures were followed to determine sources from the literature specific to walking during pregnancy for use in each section of this review.

关键词： Ambulatory activity Exercise behavior Maternal-fetal health Pregnant women

A full-wave HTS flux pump using a feedback control system

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Superconductivity 2023年第4期8卷 26-33页

作者： james H.P.Rice Ben P.P.Mallett Dominic A.Moseley alexander Petrov Heng Zhang Steven Wray Rodney A.Badcock Paihau-Robinson Research Institute Victoria University of WellingtonLower Hutt 5012New Zealand UK Atomic Energy Authority Culham Science CentreAbingdon OX143DBUnited Kingdom

Transformer‐rectifier flux pumps are DC superconducting power supplies capable of charging superconducting magnets to high currents and stored magnetic ***,we demonstrate a full‐wave superconducting flux pump assembled from high‐temperature superconducting(HTS)wire that utilizes superconducting switches controlled by applied magnetic field.A negative DC offset occurs in the superconducting secondary of the circuit during operation which is related to the output load current.A feedback control system is proposed and demonstrated to account for the negative DC *** the primary current proportional to the load current during operation allowed for the maximum output of the flux pump to be increased from 35 A to more than 275 *** results are reproduced using a coupled electrical‐and magnetic–circuit model formulated in the MATLAB Simulink®package.

关键词： High‐temperature superconductor Flux pump Power supply Circuit modelling High current