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Diabetes and tuberculosis:An emerging dual threat to healthcare

World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph M Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)remains a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** mellitus(DM)is an important risk factor for the development and perpetuation of TB owing to the immune dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the same individual also aggravates disease severity,complications,and chance of treatment failure because of gross immune alterations posed by DM as well as *** complex cellular and humoral immunological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and DM,some of which remain unknown even *** is highly important to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with DM,and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and management to prevent complications from this ominous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the development of TB in a large cohort of DM patients from *** such research output from different regions of the world is expected to improve our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes mellitus Immune dysfunction Treatment failure Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Emerging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCM)is a common but underrecognized complication of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Although the pathobiology of other cardiac complications of diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are mostly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the mechanisms and management options for DbCM are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCM presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from prompt control of DM with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medications,disease-modifying therapy for DbCM includes prompt control of hypertension and dyslipidemia inherent to patients with DM as in other forms of heart diseases and the use of treatments with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic mouse models with *** this preliminary basic study might help to improve our understanding of DbCM and offer a potential new management option for patients with the disease,the positive results from such animal models might not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCM in humans could be ***,such experimental studies can encourage more scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

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Non-pharmacological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are we winning the battle?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable modalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a knowledge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus limited available in-terventions for symptom control and curtailing disease *** pharma-cologic aspect of management is mainly centred on pain control,however,there are several important aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception which are associated with risks to lower limb health,which pharmacotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharmacologic interventions such as glycaemic control through dietary modification and exercise need to be combined with other measures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,however modest *** is emerging as an important treatment modality for several chronic medical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the World Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN symptoms and enhance nerve conduction parameters,Hoerder et al have been able to demonstrate that acupuncture improves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained two months after treatment *** previous studies also support these findings,larger multi-center randomized control trials including a sham-controlled arm accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture may become an important aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN management.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes mellitus Pharmacotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharmacological intervention

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First experience in laparoscopic surgery in low and middle income countries: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 546-553页

作者： Rebekka Troller Jasmine Bawa Olivia Baker james Ashcroft Department of Surgery Medway Maritime HospitalGillingham ME75NYKentUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Hospital CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has reduced morbidity and mortality rates,shorter post-operative recovery periods and lower complication rates than open *** is routine practice in high-income countries and is becoming increasingly common in countries with limited ***,introducing laparoscopic surgery in low-and-middle-income countries(LMIC)can be expensive and requires resour-ces,equipment,and *** To report the challenges and benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMIC as well as to identify solutions to these challenges for countries with limited finances and *** MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting first experience in laparoscopic surgery in *** studies were published between 1996 and 2022 with full text available in *** criteria were studies considering only open surgery,ear,nose,and throat,endoscopy,arthro-scopy,hysteroscopy,cystoscopy,transplant,or bariatric *** Ten studies out of 3409 screened papers,from eight LMIC were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis,totaling 2497 *** reported challenges were related to costs of equipment and training programmes,equipment pro-blems such as faulty equipment,and access to surgical ***-related challenges were reliance on foreign trainers and lack of locally trained surgeons and theatre *** benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery were economic and clinical,including a reduction in hospital stay,complications,and morbidi-ty/*** introduction of laparoscopic surgery also provided training opportunities for junior *** Despite financial and technical challenges,many studies emphasise the overall benefit of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMICs such as reduced hospital stay and the related lower cost for *** many of the clinical centres in LMICs have proposed practical solutions to the challenges reported,more support is critical

关键词： Laparoscopic surgery Low and middle income country First experience Training in laparoscopic surgery

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A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.M.John Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK ioMosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BESS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BESS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BESS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： Energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

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Handheld bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of myocarditis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 73-74页

作者： Frank Wheeler Robin Lahr james Espinosa Alan Lucerna Henry Schuitema Department of Emergency Medicine Rowan University School of Osteopathic MedicineStratford 08084USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program Jeff erson HealthStratford 08084USA Department of Emergency Medicine and Associate Chief Medical Offi cer Stratford 08084USA

Myocarditis is a disease process that every emergency physician fears *** severity can be mild to life-threatening,and many cases are likely undetected because they are subclinical with nonspecifi c signs.[1]Subtle cardiac signs may be overshadowed by systemic symptoms of the underlying infectious ***,myalgias,lethargy,symptoms commonly associated with viral syndrome,can mask the life-threatening myocarditis that may be *** fact,in the United States Myocarditis Treatment Trial,almost 90%of patients reported symptoms consistent with a viral prodrome.[2]Ammirati et al[3]reported that 27%of patients with myocarditis had either reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,ventricular arrhythmias,or low cardiac ***,we present a case report,in which handheld point-of-care ultrasound was utilized at the bedside to aid in the critical diagnosis of *** the additional information provided through this imaging modality,this patient was able to be transferred to the appropriate tertiary care facility in an expeditious manner and receive possible defi nitive treatment.

关键词： diagnosis myocarditis Fever

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Case of abdominal whirl sign with small bowel obstruction and free gas successfully managed by conservative management instead of laparoscopic surgery

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第3期7卷 128-131页

作者： Giuleta Jamsari james Wei Tatt Toh Department of Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia Department of Colorectal Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia

The whirl sign refers to the computed tomography(CT)radiological finding of swirl of the small bowel and adjacent mesenteric soft tissue around the twisted mesenteric *** whirl sign is highly specific for small bowel volvulus(SBV)and raises the suspicion of closed loop *** all patients with whirl signs associated with small bowel obstruction(SBO)require operative intervention,and one study showed that patients with whirl signs are 25 times more likely to need surgery.

关键词： obstruction surgery bowel

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Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue Sun Philipp Dutkowski AM james Shapiro Andrea Schlegel Department of Surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflammation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflammation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver *** evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses,providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(MP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ *** editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could become the new“gold standard”.Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Machine perfusion Viability assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

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Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph M Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Ambika P Ashraf Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and *** looming wave of diabetes-related complications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in most *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the impact is poised to be pro-found.A multifaceted research effort,governmental legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidemiological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease Pharmacotherapy

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Template-assisted growth of Co-BaTiO_(3) vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with strong magneto-optical coupling effect

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3130-3138页

作者： Zedong Hu Juanjuan Lu Hongyi Dou Jianan Shen james PBarnard Juncheng Liu Xinghang Zhang Haiyan Wang School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

Oxide-metal based nanocomposite thin films have attracted great interests owing to their unique anisotropic structure and physical properties.A wide range of Au-based oxide-metal nanocomposites have been demonstrated,while other metal systems are scarce due to the challenges in the initial nucleation and growth as well as possible interdiffusions of the metallic *** this work,a unique anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)template was used to grow a thin Co seed layer and the following self-assembled metal-oxide(Co-BaTiO_(3))vertically aligned nanocomposite thin film *** AAO template allows the uniform growth of Co-seeds and successfully deposition of highly ordered Co pillars(with diameter<5 nm and interval between pillars<10 nm)inside the oxide *** magnetic anisotropy and strong magneto-optical coupling properties have been observed.A thin Au-BaTiO_(3) template was also later introduced for further enhanced nucleation and ordered growth of the *** the advantage of such a unique nanostructure,a large out-of-plane(OP)coercive field(Hc)of~5000 Oe has been achieved,making the nanocomposite an ideal candidate for high density perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction(p-MTJ).A strong polar magneto-optical Kerr effect(MOKE)has also been observed which inspires a novel optical-based reading method of the MTJ states.

关键词： vertically aligned nanocomposite(VAN) Co BaTiO_(3) thin film magneto-optical coupling magnetic anisotropy

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