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How to fill the biodiversity data gap:Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james E.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include(1)curation of biological collections,and(2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little *** used the Flora de Bogota project to study the magnitude of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus *** process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but it significantly increased the number of records per *** contributed to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led to increases in spatial coverage,species observed by locality,the number of plant records by species,and localities by species compared to ***,curationwas more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork,mainly because of the large number of records available in *** recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity,to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with *** stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more costeffectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical Andes

Condition indices for rigid pavements: A comparative analysis of state DoTs using Michigan PMS data

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 348-360页

作者： Rahul Raj Singh Mumtahin Hasnat Muhammed Emin Kutay Syed Waqar Haider james Bryce Bora Cetin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA

Pavement infrastructure is vital in providing services and links between various sectors of society. Therefore, thepreservation and maintenance of these roads are critical to attaining a pavement network in good conditionthroughout its service life. Various performance indicators like the international roughness index (IRI), pavementcondition index (PCI), and present serviceability rating (PSR) have been used by the state department of transportation (DoT) and highway agencies for evaluating pavement surface conditions and planning future maintenance strategies. Limited data availability, multiple distresses depending on region, lack of correlation of thesecondition indices to maintenance strategies, and data collection limitations pose a challenge for applying theseindices to local conditions. This paper compares condition indices of different states for rigid pavements. Further,using a specific condition index for local conditions is also highlighted. For this purpose, five states and theircorresponding condition indices were evaluated and compared to the Michigan DoT distress index (DI). Thesestates include Virginia, Minnesota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and oregon. The corresponding distresses of eachcondition index were converted to make them compatible with the MDoT DI. This study used the MDoT'spavement management system (PMS) database to evaluate each condition index for 433 rigid pavement *** distress index was plotted against MDoT DI and compared using a paired t-test. Results show that thecondition indices of Virginia and Minnesota are comparable to DI in terms of the Spearman correlation value. Thet-test results show that except for Virgina, condition indices from other states statistically differ from ***, one can't use those directly for local conditions in Michigan. This paper presents the evaluation anddata requirements for each condition index and its impact on selecting a maintenance treatment.

关键词： Rigid pavement Pavement management Condition index Distress index

Medical artificial intelligence and the black box problem:a view based on the ethical principle of“do no harm”

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 52-57页

作者： Hanhui Xu Kyle Michael james Shuttleworth School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China Department of Global Connectivity Akita International UniversityOkutsubakidai-193-2 YuwatsubakigawaAkita010-1211Japan

one concern about the application of medical artificial intelligence(AI)regards the“black box”feature which can only be viewed in terms of itsinputs and outputs,with no way to understand the AI’s *** problematic because patients,physicians,and even designers,do not understand why or how a treatment recommendation is produced by AI *** view claims that the worry about black-box medicine is unreasonable because AI systems outperform human doctors in identifying the ***,under the medical AI-physicianpatient model,the physician can undertake the responsibility of interpreting the medical AI’s *** this study,we focus on the potential harm caused by the unexplainability feature of medical AI and try to show that such possible harm is *** will seek to contribute to the literature from three ***,we appealed to a thought experiment to show that although the medical AI systems perform better on accuracy,the harm caused by medical AI’s misdiagnoses may be more serious than that caused by human doctors’misdiagnoses in some ***,in patient-centered medicine,physicians were obligated to provide adequate information to their patients in medical ***,the unexplainability feature of medical AI systems would limit the patient’s ***,we tried to illustrate the psychological and financial burdens that may be caused by the unexplainablity feature of medical AI systems,which seems to be ignored by the previous ethical discussions.

关键词： Medical artificial intelligence Black box problem Do no harm Paternalism

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and sarcopenia:A double whammy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 152-163页

作者： Aditya Viswanath Sherouk Fouda Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph M Pappachan School of Medicine Leicester UniversityLeicester LE17RHUnited Kingdom School of Health and Biomedical Sciences Rmit UniversityMelbourne VICAustralia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has increased substantially in recent years because of the global obesity ***,now recognized as the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world,not only increases liver-related morbidity and mortality among sufferers but also worsens the complications associated with other comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnoea,lipid disorders and *** the interplay between MAFLD and these comorbidities is important to design optimal therapeutic *** can be either part of the disease process that results in MAFLD(e.g.,obesity or adiposity)or a consequence of MAFLD,especially in the advanced stages such as fibrosis and *** can also worsen MAFLD by reducing exercise capacity and by the production of various muscle-related chemical ***,it is crucial to thoroughly understand how we deal with these diseases,especially when they *** explore the pathobiological interlinks between MAFLD and sarcopenia in this comprehensive clinical update review article and propose evidence-based therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.

关键词： Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Lean metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Cardiovascular disease Liver-muscle axis

A Dark Energy Hypothesis I

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 1138-1141页

作者： james Togeas University of Minnesota Morris Campus Morris USA

The cosmological constant, Λ, represents dark energy. The dark energy hypothesis (DEH) replaces Λ with a variable quantity, the cosmological parameter: Λ=1a2η2In this formula, “a” is the scale factor and η the conformal time: adη = cdt. A companion paper (DEH II) develops and explores a cosmological model with this variable parameter. This paper portrays the origin of the cosmological parameter in the uncoupling of time and space in the early universe from a prior state in which the comoving coordinates x0 = η and x1 = χ, the cosmic latitude, are coupled. In this hypothesis dark matter is a co-product of the decoupling, but its nature remains mysterious.

关键词： Dark Energy Dark Matter Cosmological Constant Tensor Calculus

Improved Units of Measure in Rotational Mechanics

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World Journal of Mechanics 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Richard james Petti Independent Researcher Arlington USA

The SI system of units in rotational mechanics yields correct numerical results, but it produces physically incorrect units of measure in many cases. SI units also violate the principle of general covariance—the general rule for defining continuous coordinates and units in mathematics and mathematical physics. After 30+ years of wrestling with these problems, the ultimate authority on units of measure has declared that Newton–meter and Joule are not equivalent in rotational mechanics, as they are in the rest of physics. This article proposes a simple modification to SI units called “Nonstandard International units” (“NI units”) until a better name is agreed upon. NI units yield correct numerical results and physically correct units of measure, and they satisfy the principle of general covariance. The main obstacle to the adoption of NI units is the consensus among users that the radius of rotation should have the unit meter because the radius can be measured with a ruler. NI units assigned to radius should have units meter/radian because the radius is a conversion factor between angular size and circumferential length, as in arclength = rθ. To manage the social consensus behind SI units, the author recommends retaining SI units as they are, and informing users who want correct units that NI units solve the technical problems of SI units.

关键词： Rotational Mechanics Angular Unit Torque Moment of Inertia Angular Momentum General Covariance

A lunar time scale from the perspective of the Moon’s dynamic evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 234-251页

作者： Dijun GUo Jianzhong LIU james WHEAD Fuqin ZHANG Zongcheng LING Shengbo CHEN Jianping CHEN Xiaozhong DING Jinzhu JI Ziyuan oUYANG State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidence RI 02912USA Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China College of Geoexploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot 010051China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

A geologic time scale is a chronological system that separates the geological strata of a planetary body into different units in temporal sequence and shows its progressive *** time scale of the Moon was established a half-century ago during the telescopic-early Apollo exploration era,using data with limited spatial coverage and *** past decades have seen a wide array of studies,which have significantly extended our understanding of global lunar geologic *** on a comprehensive review of lunar evolution with respect to the dynamical changes,we propose two major updates to the current lunar time scale paradigm to include the evolution of both endogenic and exogenic dynamic forces now known to have influenced early lunar ***,based on the temporal interplay of exogenic and endogenic processes in altering the Moon,we defined three Eon/Eonothem-level units to represent three dynamical evolutionary ***,the pre-Nectarian System is redefined and divided as the magma ocean-era Magma-oceanian System and the following Aitkenian System beginning with the South Pole-Aitken *** ejecta of this basin,Das Formation,was deposited on the primordial lunar crust as the oldest stratum produced from exogenic *** updated lunar time scale,facilitated by the post-Apollo exploration and research advances,provides an integrated framework to depict the evolution of the Moon and has important implications for the geologic study of other terrestrial planets.

关键词： The Moon Geologic time scale Evolution history Endogenic process Exogenic process

Management of male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism:A clinical update

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 11-28页

作者： Mohan T Shenoy Sunetra Mondal Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology Sree Gokulam Medical Collegeand Research FoundationTrivandrum 695607KeralaIndia Department of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The global obesity pandemic has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism(MoSH)with emerging evidence on the role of testosterone *** aim to provide an updated and practical approach towards its *** did a comprehensive literature search across MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,and Google Scholar databases using the keywords“MoSH”oR“obesity-related hypogonadism”oR“Testosterone replacement therapy”oR“Selective estrogen receptor modulator”oR“SERM”oR“Guidelines on male hypogonadism”as well as a manual search of references within the articles.A narrative review based on available evidence,recommendations and their practical implications was *** weight loss is the ideal therapeutic strategy for patients with MoSH,achievement of significant weight reduction is usually difficult with lifestyle changes alone in real-world ***,androgen administration is often necessary in the management of hypogonadism in patients with MoSH which also improves many other comorbidities related to ***,there is conflicting evidence for the appropriate use of testosterone replacement therapy(TRT),and it can also be associated with *** evidence-based review updates the available evidence including the very recently published results of the TRAVERSE trial and provides comprehensive clinical practice pearls for the management of patients with *** starting testosterone replacement in functional hypogonadism of obesity,it would be desirable to initiate lifestyle modification to ensure weight *** should be coupled with the management of other comorbidities related to obesity in MoSH *** the risks and benefits of TRT should be considered in every patient before and during longterm management.

关键词： Male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism Androgen therapy Testosterone replacement therapy obesity Cardiovascular benefits

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic