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Recent Increased Warming of the Alaskan Marine Arctic Due to Midlatitude Linkages

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 75-84页

作者： james e.overland Muyin WANG Thomas J.BALLINGeR NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory Seattle WA 98115USA Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans University of Washington Seattle WA 98115USA Department of Geography Texas State UniversitySan Marcos TX 78666USA

Alaskan Arctic waters have participated in hemispheric-wide Arctic warming over the last two decades at over two times the rate of global warming. During 2008–13, this relative warming occurred only north of the Bering Strait and the atmospheric Arctic front that forms a north–south thermal barrier. This front separates the southeastern Bering Sea temperatures from Arctic air masses. Model projections show that future temperatures in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas continue to warm at a rate greater than the global rate, reaching a change of +4℃ by 2040 relative to the 1981–2010 mean. Offshore at 74°N, climate models project the open water duration season to increase from a current average of three months to five months by 2040. These rates are occasionally enhanced by midlatitude connections. Beginning in August 2014, additional Arctic warming was initiated due to increased SST anomalies in the North Pacific and associated shifts to southerly winds over Alaska, especially in winter 2015–16. While global warming and equatorial teleconnections are implicated in North Pacific SSTs, the ending of the 2014–16 North Pacific warm event demonstrates the importance of internal, chaotic atmospheric natural variability on weather conditions in any given year. Impacts from global warming on Alaskan Arctic temperature increases and sea-ice and snow loss, with occasional North Pacific support, are projected to continue to propagate through the marine ecosystem in the foreseeable future. The ecological and societal consequences of such changes show a radical departure from the current Arctic environment.

关键词： Alaska North Pacific Arctic warm advection polar vortex

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extreme Cold events from east Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21:Comparisons,Causes,and Future Implications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第4期39卷 553-565页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN james e.overland Annette RINKe Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Univeristy of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK 99775USA University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research14401 PotsdamGermany Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00101 HelsinkiFinland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA

Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across east Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/*** events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical *** analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major *** Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air *** long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time *** displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme *** results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”.

关键词： extreme weather events sea surface temperature Arctic sea ice Arctic amplification sudden stratospheric warming stratospheric polar vortex

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Anomalous Arctic Surface Wind Patterns and Their Impacts on September Sea Ice Minima and Trend

Anomalous Arctic Surface Wind Patterns and Their Impacts on ...

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强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会年会

作者： james e.overland Rosanne D'Arrigo NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleUSA

We used the NCeP/NCAR re-analysis monthly mean surface wind data from 1979 to 2010 to describe the first two patterns of Arctic surface wind variability by means of the complex vector empirical orthogonal function (CVeOF)analysis. The first two patterns respectively account for 31% and 16% of its total anomalous kinetic energy. The leading pattern consists of the two sub-patterns: the northern Laptev Sea (NLS) pattern and the Arctic dipole (AD) pattern. The second pattern contains the northern Kara Sea (NKS) pattern and the central Arctic (CA) pattern. Over the past two decades, the combined dynamical forcing of the first two patterns has contributed to Arctic September sea ice extent minima and its declining trend. September sea ice extent minima are mainly associated with the negative phase of the AD pattern and the positive phase of the CA pattern during the summer (July to September) season, and both phases coherently show an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean. Wind patterns affect September sea ice extent through their frequency and *** negative trend in September sea ice extent over the past two decades is associated with increased frequency and enhanced intensity of the CA pattern during the melting season from April to September. Thus, it cannot be simply attributed to the Arctic dipole anomaly characterized by the second empirical orthogonal function mode of sea level pressure north of 70-N. The CA pattern exhibitedinterdecadal variability in the late 1990s, and an anomalous cyclone prevailed before 1997 and was then replaced by an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean that is consistent with the rapid decline trend in September sea ice extent. This paper provides an alternative way to identify the dominant patterns of climate variability and investigate their associated Arctic sea ice variability from a dynamical perspective. Indeed, this study only investigates the role of surface wind dynamical forcing in resulting September sea

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Preface to the Special Issue on Changing Arctic Climate and Low/Mid-latitudes Connections

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2135-2137页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Xianyao CHeN Andrew ORR james eoverland Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Qinghua YANG Renhe ZHANG North Carolina State University AshevilleNC 28801USA Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and earth System Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China British Antarctic Survey High CrossMadingley RoadCambridge CB30ETUK NOAA/Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FI-00560Finland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

The Arctic climate system has changed rapidly during recent decades with a two-four times faster warming rate than the global average subject to the uncertainties of analysis datasets and *** changes have apparently resulted in broader and sizeable impacts within the Arctic,in the low/mid-latitudes,and *** importance of these changes and impacts makes the Arctic stand out within the global climate systems,drawing great attention and interests from the climate research community,the general public,and the government *** of the persistent,leading-edge topics in climate stud-ies during recent decades has therefore been to improve understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms,evaluate socioe-conomic and ecological impacts,and enhance the ability of the prediction and projections of Arctic climate changes.

关键词： Arctic latitude warming

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exploring the mass gap: Black holes in green pea galaxies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 174-175页

作者： james e.Rhoads School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State University

We know about black holes primarily on two mass scales(e.g., see Figure 22 of ref. [1]). Supermassive black holes inhabit the centers of galaxies, where they sometimes power active galactic nuclei(AGN). Their populations can be probed through AGN surveys, tidal disruption event surveys, and(in the closest galaxies) stellar and gas dynamics in the innermost regions where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential.

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.james J.e.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTeCs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTeC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTeCs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

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A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan e.Barnard Y.M.John Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK ioMosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BeSS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BeSS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BeSS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BeSS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BeSS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BeSS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BeSS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BeSS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

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How to fill the biodiversity data gap:Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen james e.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include(1)curation of biological collections,and(2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little *** used the Flora de Bogota project to study the magnitude of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus *** process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but it significantly increased the number of records per *** contributed to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led to increases in spatial coverage,species observed by locality,the number of plant records by species,and localities by species compared to ***,curationwas more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork,mainly because of the large number of records available in *** recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity,to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with *** stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more costeffectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical Andes

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Barosinusitis due to routine weather changes:A cross-sectional analysis of public websites

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 18-23页

作者： james C.Campbell Julia e.Canick Philip G.Chen Ralph Abi Hachem David W.Jang Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

Background:Sinusitis is a common diagnosis that can be erroneously associated with routine weather‐related barometric pressure *** actuality,these pressure changes likely exacerbate migraine headaches,which can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus ***:The present study sought to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and migraine in association with barometric pressure changes across websites on the ***:An Internet search for relevant terms was conducted,and content of the resulting pages was assessed for associations between weather‐related pressure changes and either sinusitis or *** in reported results across different subtypes of Internet sources were *** primary outcomes measured were(1)whether a given media source associated barometric weather changes with sinusitis,(2)whether that source associated barometric weather changes with migraine,and(3)treatment options offered by that ***:Of the 116 included webpages,36(31.03%)associated sinusitis and routine barometric pressure *** these,10(27.77%)were otolaryngology practice ***‐seven webpages(57.76%)associated migraine and routine barometric pressure *** these,nonotolaryngology webpages were more likely to report this ***:Otolaryngology practice sites were observed to be the most frequent professional medical resource reporting the unsubstantiated claim that routine barometric pressure changes are associated with *** sources were more likely to link weather‐related pressure changes to *** results suggest that opportunities exist for otolaryngology practice sites to educate patients about nonrhinogenic headache etiologies.

关键词： acute rhinosinusitis balloon sinus dilation headache migraine sinusitis

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Lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the blood-brain barrier

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9126-9134页

作者： Yanina Kuzminich Avraham Shakked Randi Calkins Sebastian Rudden Camille Jones Jessie Doan Bora Jang elisa Schrader echeverri Ryan Zenhausern Liming Lian David Loughrey Hannah e.Peck Rachelle Wiese Dorothy Koveal Philip J.Santangelo james e.Dahlman George C.Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have delivered RNA to hepatocytes in patients after intravenous *** clinical data support efforts to design LNPs that transfect cells in the central nervous system(CNS).However,delivery to the CNS has been difficult,in large part because quantifying on-target delivery alongside common off-target cell types in adult mice remains *** we report methods to isolate different cell types from the CNS,and subsequently present mRNA delivery readouts using a liver-detargeted *** data suggest that LNPs without targeting ligands can transfect cerebral endothelial cells in mice after intravenous *** the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier,they also underscore the value of quantifying delivery in the CNS with cell-type resolution instead of whole-tissue resolution.

关键词： lipid nanoparticle mRNA nanomedicine central nervous system blood-brain barrier

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