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Like mother, like daughter： heritability of.f.male richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin r. BAIrOS-NOVAK calen r ryan Angela r. f.EEMAN W. Gary ANDErSON jame. f. hare Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof.Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department of.nthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of.Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of.the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, which provides an acute indication of.an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of.the stress response in wild mammals, however, remains poorly documented. We quantif.ed the cortisol stress response of.f.male richardson＇s ground squirrels （rGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing f.r：（1） the ef.ects of.individual age, time of.day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability within individuals; （3） narrow-sense heritability; and （4） dif.erences among individuals owing to potential genetic and/or environmental ef.ects. We detected a positive linear relationship between baseline plasma cortisol （BL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that def.ned each individual＇s cortisol stress response. BL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not dif.er according to the time the sample was taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response was highly repeatable within individuals, had a mother-of.spring heritability of.h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, f.ll-sibling heritability of.h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half.sibling heritabil- ity of.hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of.sibling groups, immediate-f.mily groups, and squir- rels within a given area did not dif.er, whereas those of.individuals f.om more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantif.ing both BL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of.the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of.an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted f.r by dif.erences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

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Validation of.a radioimmunoassay-based f.cal corticosteroid assay f.r richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of.stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： jame. f. hare.cale. r ryan Chris ENrIGHT Laura E. GArDINEr Lindsay J SKYNEr Charlene N. BErKVENS W. Gary ANDErSON Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of.Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantif.ing f.cal glucocorticoid metabolites （f.Ms） f.om captive male and f.male richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and f.M concentrations. We also injected groups of.squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantif.cation of.f.cal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit def.cation, as well as the behaviour of.subjects in the context of.handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and f.llowing handling （stress-induced） were also quantif.ed f.r f.ee-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered f.om f.ces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with def.cation or behaviour, f.M concentrations did ref.ect the activation of.the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. f.M concentrations increased signif.cantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of.subjects with ACTH increased f.Ms above baseline, conf.rming activation of.the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased signif.cantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, f.ee-living subjects. Our f.ndings validate a non-invasive tool that will af.ord new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of.richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids f.cal glucocorticoid metabolites radioimmunoassay richardson's ground squirrels

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人T淋巴母细胞（Jurkat）移动性的研究

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癌症 1994年第2期13卷 119-122,127页

作者：司徒锐 jame.,V 广州暨南大学医学院病理教研室

利用人Ｔ淋巴母细胞（Ｊｕｒｋａｔ）细胞系作为研究对象。企图探探索细胞外基质成份及肌醇磷脂细胞信息传递系统与细胞移动的关系。研究结果表明：当细胞被伏波醇酯（ＰＭＡ）处理过后，其粘连性与移动件对纤维连结蛋白（ＦＮ）底物的... 详细信息

利用人Ｔ淋巴母细胞（Ｊｕｒｋａｔ）细胞系作为研究对象。企图探探索细胞外基质成份及肌醇磷脂细胞信息传递系统与细胞移动的关系。研究结果表明：当细胞被伏波醇酯（ＰＭＡ）处理过后，其粘连性与移动件对纤维连结蛋白（ＦＮ）底物的反应在已是高水平的基础上有更进一步提高的作用。与ＦＮ刊相反的是，未经ＰＭＡ处理处的Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞对层粘连蛋白（Ｌｍ）底物却无明显的粘连性及移动性增加的反应，尽管在ＰＭＡ处理过４小时内亦无任何的增强。但是，当ＰＭＡ作用于细胞２４一４８小时后则明显池增加其Ｌｍ底物的粘连性及移动性反应，表明了其明显的协同作用。分别用抗ＦＮ、抗Ｌｍ及蛋白激酶Ｃ抑制剂Ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｒｉｎｅ（ＳＰ）时均起到特异性的抑制作用。可见，协同作用的产生是通过蛋白激酶Ｃ激活后的－段时间内，使细胞表面Ｌｍ受体密度增加而对底物Ｌｍ反应增强所致。

关键词：细胞移动性 T淋巴母细胞肿瘤转移

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The role of.latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of.diapause of.Papilio glaucus （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean f. ryan Patti Valella Gabrielle Thivierge Matthew L. Aardema J. Mark Scriber Department of.Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ArS Center f.r Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of.Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Lif. Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackler Institute f.r Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerf.r Lepidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects f.r dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterf.ies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of.diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient f.ctor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the f.ctors that inf.uence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial （latitudinal）, environmental （temperature） and genetic （hybridization） f.ctors af.ect diapause induction in this system. Specif.cally, a series of.growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals f.om across the eastern United States were perf.rmed to：（1） evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, （2） isolate the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature af.ected rates of.diapause induction, and （4） explore how the incidence of.diapause is af.ected in hybrid of.spring. We f.nd that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of.temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis （i.e., is not simply a dominant trait f.llowing a Mendelian inheritance pattern） and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of.how spatial, environmental and genetic variation inf.uences a key seasonal adaptation （diapause induction） in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible f.ture studies that explore how climatic variation af.ects the population dynamics and genetics of.this system.

关键词： adaptation critical photoperiod development diapauses f.cultative hybridization

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Developmental and f.edf.rward Control of.the Expression of.f.late Biosynthesis Genes in Tomato f.uit

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 66-77页

作者： Jef.rey C. Wallera Tariq A. Akhtar Aurora Lara-Nunez Jesse f. Gregory lli ryan r McQuinn jame. J. Giovannoni Andrew D. Hanson Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA f.od Science and Human Nutrition Department University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA United States Department of.Agriculture-Agricultural research Service and Boyce Thompson Institute f.r Plant research Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Little is known about how plants regulate their f.late content, including whether the expression of.f.late biosynthesis genes is orchestrated during development or modulated by f.late levels. Nor is much known about how f.late levels impact the expression of.other genes. These points were addressed using wild-type tomato f.uit and f.uit engineered f.r high f.late content. In wild-type f.uit, the expression of.genes specif.ing early steps in f.late biosynthesis declined during development but that of.other genes did not. In engineered f.uit overexpressing f.reign GTP cyclohy- drolase I and aminodeoxychorismate synthase genes, the expression of.the respective endogenous genes did not change, but that of.three downstream pathway genes--aminodeoxychorismate lyase, dihydroneopterin aldolase, and mitochondrial f.lylpolyglutamate synthase--respectively increased by up to 7.8-, 2.8-, and 1.7-f.ld, apparently in response to the build-up of.specif.c f.late pathway metabolites. These results indicate that, in f.uit, certain f.late pathway genes are developmentally regulated and that certain others are subject to f.edf.rward control by pathway intermediates. Micro- array analysis showed that only 14 other transcripts （of.11 000 surveyed） increased in abundance by two-f.ld or more in high-f.late f.uit, demonstrating that the induction of.f.late pathway genes is relatively specif.c.

关键词： f.late biosynthesis f.uit development metabolic engineering transcript prof.ling.

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Assessment of.Weight and Health in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of.Emergency Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 138-147页

作者： Matthew f. ryan Department of.Emergency Medicine University of Florida Gainesville USA

Introduction: The prevalence of.obesity and obesity-related diseases continues to rise. A key aspect of.prevention and treatment of.these disorders requires clear communication about weight and health between patients and healthcare providers. Objective: We sought to examine the prevalence rate of.obesity and associated comorbid illnesses in an emergency department (ED) population. A second aim was to assess patients’ perceptions of.their weight and their overall health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study perf.rmed in an academic tertiary-care center using a representative sample of.patients (≥18 yr) who presented to the ED. Pregnant patients, patients who were medically unstable, cognitively impaired or who were unable or unwilling to provide inf.rmed consent were excluded. Anthropometric measurements were taken which include BMI (the ratio of.a patient’s weight and height expressed as kg/m2) and waist circumf.rence. In addition, the prevalence rates of.all enrolled patients who 1) f.el their health is af.ecting their weight and 2) who have had or recall discussions about their health and weight with their provider were examined by using a two-question validated survey. results: The overall prevalence rate of.obesity in this study was 38.6%. Only 71.8% (95% CI, 63.2% - 80.6%) of.overweight patients (BMI = 25.0 - 29.9) and 28.4% (95% CI, 21.6% - 35.2%) of.obese patients (BMI ≥ 30.0) believe their present weight is damaging to their health. f.rther, only 15.5% (95% CI, 8.5% - 22.6%) and 59.4% (95% CI, 53% - 67%) of.those overweight and obese, respectively, recall being inf.rmed by their healthcare provider they are overweight. f.r morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥ 40.0), 79.6% (95% CI, 12.2 - 28.6) f.el their weight is damaging their health and 83.7% (95% CI, 9.4 - 23.2) recall having a conversation about weight with their healthcare provider. Conclusion: Many obese and overweight patients believe their weight does not impact their health and have not h

关键词： Obesity Comorbid Conditions Health and Weight Patient Perceptions Emergency Medicine Patient-Provider Communication

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Screening antioxidants f.r the protection of.cochlear sensory cells

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第1期13卷 62-64页

作者： Dong Gu Hur Arwa Kurabi Allen f.ryan Department of.Surgery/Otolaryngology School of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan Diego Department of.Otorhinolaryngology Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital research Service Veterans Administration Medical Center

Sensory cell damage is a major cause of.hearing loss： Sensorineural hearing loss （SNHL） is a common sensory def.cit characterized by tissue damage and/or cell death in the cochlea. Moderate and severe SNHL causes def.cits in communication, associated with increased isolation f.om human relationships, and negativly impacts employabf.ity. Many etiologies have been associated with SNHL： Noise overexposure, certain drugs, inner or middle ear inf.ction or immune-induced inf.ammation being common. However, the most prevalent f.rm of.SNHL is presbycusis or age-related hearing loss, of.en aggravated by other f.ctors including a history of.noise exposure, diabetes or high blood pressure （Wong and ryan, 2015）. Though systemic steroids are used in the treatment of.sudden SNHL, other drugs to prevent or cure hearing loss have not yet been developed. Cochlear sensory cells, known as hair cells （HCs） and neurons have very limited repair capacity. Moreover since these cells do not regenerate, making any loss permanent, prevention of.cell damage is critical to protecting hearing.

关键词： HC Screening antioxidants f.r the protection of.cochlear sensory cells

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Can Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Be Precipitated by Administering Glucose bef.re Thiamine in Severely Malnourished or Alcoholic Patients?

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Case reports in Clinical Medicine 2019年第9期8卷 245-249页

作者： Joshua Altman Matthew f. ryan Department of.Emergency Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

We discuss the saf.ty and controversy regarding the administration of.glucose bef.re thiamine with regards to precipitation of.Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in the severely malnourished and alcoholic patient population. Herein we review clinical f.atures, pathophysiology and the relevant literature to provide an evidenced-based recommendation that thiamine replacement should not delay glucose administration acutely in the malnourished patient population.

关键词： Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Thiamine Glucose

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Long-term outcomes af.er f.actional f.ow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with severe coronary stenosis

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Journal of.Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第4期16卷 329-337页

作者： Ying-Hua ZHANG Jing LI Andreas J. f.ammer Yoshiki Matsuo Moo-Sik Lee ryan J. Lennon Malcolm r. Bell David r. Holmes John f. Bresnahan Charanjit S. rihal Lilach O. Lerman Amir Lerman Division of.Cardiology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Division of.Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterUSA Cardiovascular Center CardiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichSwitzerland Department of.Preventive Medicine College of.Medicine Konyang UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea Biomedical Statistics Mayo ClinicRochesterUSA Division of.Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo ClinicRochesterUSA

Objective To explore the saf.ty and ef.icacy of.f.r-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in vessels with severe diameter stenosis. Methods & results Of.1090 patients undergoing f.actional f.ow reserve (f.r) assessment f.om 2002 to 2009,we identif.ed 167 patients in whom f.r was measured in at least one 70%–89% stenotic lesion. These patients were subdivided into an f.r-def.r group (n = 49) if.PCI was def.rred (f.r > 0.80),and an f.r-perf.rm group (n = 118) if.PCI was perf.rmed (f.r ≤ 0.80). Comparatively,an additional 1176 patients undergoing PCI in at least one lesion with 70%–89% stenosis but without measurement of.f.r served as a control (angiography- guided) group. Clinical outcomes were compared during a median f.llow-up of.49.0 months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimated revascularization rates were 16% in the f.r-def.r group and 33% in the f.r-perf.rm group (P = 0.046). The incidence of.major adverse cardiac events were comparable in these two groups (Hr = 0.82,95% CI: 0.37–1.82,P = 0.63). The number of.stents placed was signif.cantly lower in the f.r-guided group (0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8,P f.nctional revascularization f.r lesions with visually severe stenosis is clinically saf. and associated with f.wer stents use. This study suggests that extending the use of.f.r to more severe coronary lesions may be reasonable.

关键词： f.actional f.ow reserve Outcome Percutaneous coronary intervention Severe stenosis Stent

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Proteome changes of.porcine f.llicular f.uid during f.llicle development

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Journal of.Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 367-379页

作者： Victor M.Paes Shengf. f.Liao Jose r.f.gueiredo Scott T.Willard Peter L.ryan Jean M.f.ugang Department of.Animal and Dairy Sciences Mississippi State University4025 Wise CenterPO Box 9815StarkvilleMississippi State MS 39762USA Laboratory of.Manipulation of.Oocyte and Preantral f.llicles State University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil

Background:Ovarian f.llicular f.uid inf.uences f.llicle and oocyte growth,but the f.uctuation of.its protein content during f.lliculogenesis has not been comprehensively *** we used a shotgun approach and bioinf.rmatics analyses to investigate and compare the proteomes of.porcine f.llicular f.uid(pf.)obtained f.om small(rge(>6–12 mm)***:f.llicular f.uid samples containing highest estrogen levels were selected as non-atretic f.om small(SNA:26.1±15 ng/mL),medium(MNA:162±54 ng/mL),and large(LNA:290±37 ng/mL)f.llicles f.r proteomic *** detected 1627,1699,and 1756 proteins in SNA,MNA,and LNA samples,*** 60–63%of.total proteins were specif.c to each sample,11–13%were shared in pairwise comparisons,and 247 proteins were shared among all *** categorization indicated comparable gene ontology(GO)terms distribution per cellular component,molecular f.nction,and biological process categories across samples;however,the ranking of.highly signif.cantly enriched GO terms per category revealed dif.erences between *** patterns of.proteinto-protein interactions varied throughout f.llicle development,and proteins such as serine protease inhibitor,clade E(SErPINE);plasminogen activator,urokinase(PLAU);and plasminogen activator,urokinase receptor(PLAUr)appeared stage-specif.c to SNA,MNA,and LNA,***“complement and coagulation cascades”was the common major ***,properdin and f.bulin-1 were abundant proteins that appeared absent in LNA ***:This study provides extensive and f.nctional analyses of.the pf. proteome changes during f.lliculogenesis and of.ers the potential f.r novel biomarker discovery in pf. f.r oocyte quality assessment.

关键词： f.llicular f.uid f.lliculogenesis Pig Shotgun proteomic

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