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Aging Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Phosphorus Fractionation in a Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil

Pedosphere 2018年第6期28卷 873-883页

作者： Munir AHMAD Mahtab AHMAD Ahmed H.EL-NAGGAR Adel R.A.USMAN Adel ABDULJABBAR Meththika VITHANAGE jamal elfaki Abdulelah AL-FARAJ Mohammad I.AL-WABEL Soil Sciences Department College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Department of Soils and Water Faculty of Agriculture Assiut University Industrial Psychology College of Education King Saud University Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group Institute of Fundamental Studies(Sri Lanka) Agriculture Engineering Department College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University

In most arid and semiarid soils, naturally occurring phosphorus(P) is a major yield-limiting plant nutrient. In this study, to investigate the effects of organic(OP) and inorganic P(IP) sources on P fractionation, a calcareous sandy loam alkaline soil was fertilized with OP and IP fertilizers at low(80 mg P kg^(-1) soil) and high(160 mg P kg^(-1) soil) application rates. Three combinations of OP and IP(i.e., 75% OP + 25% IP, 50% OP + 50% IP, and 25% OP + 75% IP) were applied at low and high application rates,respectively, followed by soil aging for 21 d. Soil samples were collected after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 21 d and subjected to sequential extraction to analyze soluble and exchangeable, Fe-and Al-bound, Ca-bound, and residual P fractions. The soluble and exchangeable P fraction significantly increased up to 24.3%, whereas the Ca-bound fraction decreased up to 40.7% in the soils receiving 75% OP + 25% IP and 50% OP + 50% IP, respectively, compared with the control(receiving no P fertilizer). However, the transformation of P fractions was influenced by aging time. Addition of P sources caused instant changes in different P fractions, which then tended to decline with aging time. Change in soil p H was the limiting factor in controlling P availability. At high application rate, the OP source significantly increased soil P availability compared with the IP source with soil aging. Depending on P fractionation, a proper combination of OP and IP fertilizers, as long-term slow and instant P-releasing sources for plant uptake, respectively, may be a sustainable strategy to meet crop P requirements in the arid and semiarid soils.

关键词： phosphorus availability phosphorus fraction poultry manure sequential extraction soil pH

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Comparison and Evaluation of Two Analytical Methods for Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage of Five Soil Types in Central Sudan

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第12期5卷 311-318页

作者： jamal elfaki Mohamed Gafer Magboul Sulieman Mushtaha Ali Department of Seeds Technology Nile Valley University Atbara Sudan Soil and Water Science Department College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Science and Technology Shambat Sudan Department of Soil and Environment Sciences University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan General Administration of Natural Resource and Sustainable Development Khartoum Sudan

Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was carried out for different horizons. All samples were analyzed using two different methods to determine Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Statistical analysis (T-test) was used in order to investigate the differences between soil samples for the studied locations. Significant differences appeared when compared the two methods for CEC determination at Gedaref area, Wad Medani and Nile flood plain and that appeared in evaluation of ESP at Nile flood plain and Shambat area. The results also revealed that, the developed method used in this study was more practical, simple and reliable for determination of CEC and ESP as the currently used in most soil laboratories. In addition, it will be safer than the other methods in some problematic soils. The adoption of this developed method is advisable because it is less time consuming as it omits the washing step. In contrast, the old method cannot be a good substitute in laboratories which have no possibility to determine sodium by using flame photometer. We conclude that when the developed method is used to determine CEC and ESP time will be saved, that fewer amounts of chemicals will be used and that accurate results will be achieved.

关键词： Ecological Regions Central Sudan Cation Exchange Capacity Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

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Genesis and Classification of Some Soils of the River Nile Terraces: A Case Study of Khartoum North, Sudan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第3期4卷 1-16页

作者： Magboul M. Sulieman Ibrahim S. Ibrahim jamal T. elfaki Department of Soil and Environment Sciences Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan Faculty of Agriculture Nile Valley University Atbara Sudan

Soils developed in the alluvium terraces of the River Nile at Khartoum North, Sudan was analyzed in an attempt to classify it as well as to refer them to their origin. Three river terraces comprising nine profiles were selected to cover the physiographic positions. Lack of B horizon and carbonate accumulation were main pedogenic processes in subsurface horizons, whereas orhric epipedon was developed on top soil surface. The microscopic inspection of heavy sand mineralogy indicated that the origin of the sand was the Ethiopian plateau. The most abundant clay mineral was smectite, followed by illite, kaolinite and chlorite. The presences of micas (illite) and chlorite in all studied soil samples might emphasize that these soils were young from the pedological viewpoint and less weathered. The soils of the River Nile terraces at Khartoum North were classified into: Typic Torrifluvents (1st terrace), Entic Haplocambids (2nd terrace) and Typic Haplocambids (3rd terrace). Mineralogy analysis indicated that the Entisols and Aridisols of the River Nile terraces in the study area had the same origin that of the igneous and metamorphic rocks from Ethiopian plateau.

关键词： Pedogenesis Processes Ochric Epipedon River Nile Terraces Entisols Aridisols Ethiopian Plateau

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Influence of the Storage Duration at Different Temperatures on the Concentrations of Extractable Inorganic Soil Nutrients

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2016年第2期5卷 66-72页

作者： jamal T. elfaki Ahmed M. Nour Magboul M. Sulieman Mushtaha E. Ali Faculty of Agriculture Nile Valley University Atbara Sudan Agricultural Research Corporation Wad Medani Sudan Department of Soil and Environment Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan General Administration of Natural Resource and Sustainable Development Khartoum Sudan

The influence of the short storage periods at different temperatures on the concentrations of extractable soil cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and anions (Cl-, SO4- and PO4- ) has been investigated in nine soil samples from Nile river terraces at River Nile State, North of Sudan (17.82289 to 17.82389N and 33.99974 to 34.02127E). Each soil extract is divided into three treatments: i) control (immediately analyzed);ii) storage for 10 days and;iii) storage for 30 days. Each treatment is replicated three times: i) storage at 10°C;ii) storage at ambient laboratory temperature (25°C) and;iii) storage at 45°C in incubator. Statistical analysis of results reveals that significant difference are found at level (P - and PO4- (0.043, 0.002, 0.001, 0.021, 0.004 and 0.001) respectively at 25°C and 45°C and storage periods of 10 and 30 days. In contrast, significant difference is also found at level (P - concentrations are significantly decreased when the storage period exceeds 10 days and temperature more than 25°C. Depending upon our study results;we conclude that, all extractable inorganic nutrients are clearly affected by storage periods at various temperatures, exception of Na+. Most cations and anions are increased significantly with increased of storage period and temperatures. We therefore highly recommend that the extractable inorganic soil nutrients should be rapidly analyzed in order to obtain accurate results;otherwise, the time between extraction and analysis should be carefully recorded which may help considerably interpreting data from various studies.

关键词： River Nile State Extractable Soil Cations Storage Period Inorganic Nutrients

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Assessment of Calcimetric and Titrimetric Methods for Calcium Carbonate Estimation of Five Soil Types in Central Sudan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第1期4卷 120-127页

作者： jamal T. elfaki Mohamed O. Gafei Magboul M. Sulieman Mushtaha E. Ali Department of Seeds Technology Nile Valley University Atbara Sudan Soil and Water science Department College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan Department of Soil and Environment Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan General Administration of Natural Resource and Sustainable Development Khartoum Sudan

Despite the CaCO3 estimation using titration method was not reliable, but up to the present time, some soil laboratories in Sudan still used this method. The objective of this study was to compare and assess the results of calcimetric and titrimetric methods of quantitative estimation for soil calcium carbonate of different soils in Sudan. 26 soil samples from five soil profiles were collected from different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. CaCO3 equivalent was estimated using calcimeter and titration methods in order to find accurate, rapid and suitable method for soils of Sudan. The results revealed that there are no significant differences between calcimeter and titration methods for calcium carbonate estimation in all studied samples except in samples from Gedaref area. We concluded that when the Calcimeter method used for CaCO3 estimation, the differences between one person and another in detecting titration end point would be avoided, rapid and accurate results would be obtained compared to titration method. Additionally, time would be saved;fewer amounts of chemicals would be used. From this study, we highly recommend using calcimeter method for CaCO3 estimation for soils of Sudan.

关键词： Ecological Regions Central Sudan Calcimeter Titration Method

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Origin and Distribution of Heavy Minerals in the Surficial and Subsurficial Sediments of the Alluvial Nile River Terraces

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第12期5卷 299-310页

作者： Magboul M. Sulieman Ibrahim S. Ibrahim jamal T. elfaki Mohamed S. Dafa-Allah Department of Soil and Environment Sciences Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Department of Seeds Technology Nile Valley University Khartoum Sudan

Origin and distribution of the heavy minerals of surficial and subsurficial sediments has been investigated in the alluvial Nile River terraces, Khartoum North, Sudan. Heavy mineral assemblages in the very fine sand fraction (0.063 - 0.125 mm) of 10 sediment samples were identified using petrography microscope. Results of descriptive statistical parameters revealed that most sediments samples belonged within very poorly sorted to extremely poorly sorted, strongly negative skewed to strongly positive skewed and mesokurtic to very leptokurtic. The quartz was the dominant in the opaque minerals in all sediments. The non-opaque heavy minerals were dominant by zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet, sillimanite, and andalusite. Results revealed that the ultrastable minerals (zircon, tourmaline and rutile) were found in all sediments with range from (2% - 47.36%, 2.08% - 29% and 3% - 24.99%), respectively. Garnet, sillimanite and andalusite were also found with range from (5% - 67%, 1% - 9.09% and 1% - 50%), respectively. Heavy mineral assemblage indentifies sources that are not bounded to the local origin. The proportion and presence of heavy minerals from outside source rocks indicated relatively strong reworking of zircon sand from the outer-shelf to inner-shelf as well relatively long distance of transport. Fluvial and Aeolian sediments were the dominant environments in the investigated area. We conclude that most heavy minerals in the study area are originally derived from gneisses and schist metamorphic rocks and some igneous rocks of the Ethiopian plateau.

关键词： Alluvial Nile River Terraces Khartoum North Petrography Microscope Aeolian Sediments Ethiopian Plateau

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