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Targeting harmful effects of non-excitatory amino acids as an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2454-2463页

作者： Victoria Jiménez Carretero IrisÁlvarez-Merz Jorge Hernández-Campano sergei A.Kirov Jesús M.Hernández-Guijo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic School of MedicineUniv.Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research(IRYCIs) Neurobiology-Research ServiceHospital Ramón y CajalMadridSpain Institute of Neurobiology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine&Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is ***,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage follow.ng a stroke or brain trauma remains largely *** release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the *** findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible w.en exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma *** amino acids induce sw.lling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along w.th permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during *** is likely that astroglial sw.lling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ***,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain *** these pathw.ys co uld highlight new.therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.

关键词： cell sw.lling N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor non-excitatory amino acids stroke synaptic transmission

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Fenitized w.ll Rock Geochemistry of the First Carbonatite Dyke at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2018年第2期92卷 600-613页

作者： w.NG Kaiyi ZHANG Jien YU Liangjun FANG Aimin DONG ce HU Fuyou Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The first carbonatite dyke at Bayan Obo is w.ll exposed on the surface for a length and w.dth of approximately 60 m and 1.1-1.5 m, respectively. Along its strike, the fenitized H1 （Qs） and H2 （Cs） quartzite is replaced by Na-amphiboles, aegirines, and alkali-feldspars, intermittently stretching as far aw.y as 800 m in length. Based on petrographical characteristics, the dyke＇s fenitized w.ll rocks are divisible into different zones：（1） outer, （2） middle, and （3） inner. The outer zone is 5-17 m from the Nw.margin of the dyke. The middle zone is located at 3.5-5 m from the Nw.margin of the dyke. The inner contact zone is located betw.en direct contact w.th the dyke and 3.5 m from the dyke. In the outer zone, upon visual examination, no evidence of outcrop fenitization w.s found and the major elemental rock composition is nearly identical to the unaltered H1 and H2 lithologies. In the thin sections, how.ver, small amounts of Na-amphibole and phlogopite are present. Despite relatively poor development throughout the 5 m of fenitization, the w.ll rocks have retained at least a small geochemical signature comparable to the original sedimentary protolith. The fenites occurring in the inner zone exhibit distinct variations, not only for the sharp contact at the outcrop scale, but also for variations in major, rare earth elements （REE）, and trace elements and sm-Nd isotope composition. The w.ll rocks w.thin 3.5 m have undergone strong fenitization, inheriting the geochemical signature derived from the carbonatite dyke. Fenitization in the middle zone w.s not as strong, at least compared to the inner zone, but w.s stronger than the outer zone. Compared to some trace elements and REEs, the major elements are relatively immobile during fenitization. The sm-Nd isotope data for the carbonatite dyke and the adjacent fenitized w.ll rocks, w.ere the sm and Nd originate solely from the dyke, plots as a six-point isochron w.th an age of 1308~56 Ma. This age is identical to that of or

关键词： Bayan Obo first carbonatite dyke fenitization

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Trefoil factors in inflammatory bow.l disease

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3223-3230页

作者： Luise Aamann Else Marie Vestergaard Henning grφnbk Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital

Inflammatory bow.l disease (IBD), w.ich comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFF1-3) are a family of peptides that play important roles in the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. TFFs may be involved in IBD pathogenesis and are a potential treatment option. In the present review. w. describe the TFF family and their potential role in IBD by summarizing the current know.edge of their expression, possible function and pharmacological role in IBD.

关键词： Trefoil factors, Inflammatory bow.l disease, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’ s disease, Inflammation

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Pressure and Temperature Dependences of Elastic Properties of grossular Garnet up to 17 GPa and 1 650 K

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Journal of Earth science 2010年第5期21卷 782-791页

作者： Yoshio Kono steeve gréaux Yuji Higo Hiroaki Ohfuji Tetsuo Irifune Geodynamics Research center Ehime University JAsRI 1-1-1 Mikazuki-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan

simultaneous ultrasonic elastic w.ve velocity and in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements on grossular garnet w.re carried out up to 17 GPa and 1 650 K. P- and s-w.ve vdoeities and bulk and shear modulus show.d linear pressure and temperature dependence. These data yielded a pressure derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.42（7） and a shear modulus of 1.27（3）, w.ich are in good agreement w.th those of garnets w.th variable chemical compositions. Temperature dependence of the bulk modulus of grossular （-1.36×10^-2 GPafK） is also similar to that of other garnets, w.ile the temperature dependence of the shear modulus of grossular （-1.11×10^-2 GPa/K） is higher than those of magnesium end-member garnets and pyrolitic garnet.

关键词： elastic property grossular garnet high pressure high temperature.

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基于16s rDNA测序技术分析对乙酰氨基酚致肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群变化特征

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药物评价研究 2024年第1期47卷 96-102页

作者：彭小园李野封海涛易东阳曾保富杨策李宁王文祥重庆三峡医药高等专科学校重庆404120 重庆大学附属三峡医院重庆404031 重庆市万州区第一人民医院重庆404130

目的采用16s rDNA测序技术分析对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)所致药物性肝损伤(DILI)小鼠肠道菌群的变化,并探讨小鼠DILI的可能机制。方法 20只雄性C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为对照组和APAP组,APAP组ig APAP(600 mg·kg^(-1))复制DILI小鼠模型,对照组ig... 详细信息

目的采用16s rDNA测序技术分析对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)所致药物性肝损伤(DILI)小鼠肠道菌群的变化,并探讨小鼠DILI的可能机制。方法 20只雄性C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为对照组和APAP组,APAP组ig APAP(600 mg·kg^(-1))复制DILI小鼠模型,对照组ig 0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液。连续14 d后,试剂盒法检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AsT)、脂多糖(LPs)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量或活性;HE染色法观察肝脏和肠道病理变化;16s rDNA测序法分析粪便肠道菌群组成结构。结果与对照组相比,APAP组小鼠血清中ALT、AsT、LPs、TNF-α、IL-6的含量或活性显著升高(Psia)相对丰度、shannon指数显著下降(P<0.05)。结论 APAP致小鼠DILI时肠道菌群的结构和组成均发生变化,APAP可能通过破坏肠道微生物稳态和肠道屏障,增加肠道通透性致内毒素外漏,加重DILI的程度。

关键词：药物性肝损伤对乙酰氨基酚肠道菌群高通量测序 16s rDNA

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第53届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题介绍及解答

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物理实验 2024年第2期44卷 23-31页

作者：李智孟策陈志坚王若鹏北京大学物理学院北京100871

第53届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛的2道实验试题为“质量测量”和“利用双折射测量厚度”.“质量测量”题目借鉴了基布尔秤的基本思想,涉及胡克定律、安培力、电磁感应定律和弹簧振子共振方面的知识,考查选手的基本测量、数据处理(如曲线改直... 详细信息

第53届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛的2道实验试题为“质量测量”和“利用双折射测量厚度”.“质量测量”题目借鉴了基布尔秤的基本思想,涉及胡克定律、安培力、电磁感应定律和弹簧振子共振方面的知识,考查选手的基本测量、数据处理(如曲线改直)、作图和不确定度评定方面的能力;“利用双折射测量厚度”题目要求自行搭建类似分光计的装置,借助光栅衍射进行光谱测量,并结合偏振光干涉来测量双折射材料的厚度,题目对仪器调节的要求比较高,测量数据量也比较大.本文主要介绍实验试题和参考答案.

关键词：国际物理奥林匹克竞赛质量测量双折射

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极端生态环境水循环关键参量监测技术研究现状与进展

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钻探工程 2024年第3期51卷 20-26页

作者：刘勇周策赵远刚张佳佳周娟中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所四川成都611734

针对高寒和干旱极端生态环境水循环变化对国家生态安全的重要性,需要开展水循环关键参量监测设备与技术研究。本文重点围绕水循环关键参量野外原位/移动/非接触式、自动、稳定监测等技术难点,开展了一系列监测生态系统水-土-气-冰-雪的... 详细信息

针对高寒和干旱极端生态环境水循环变化对国家生态安全的重要性,需要开展水循环关键参量监测设备与技术研究。本文重点围绕水循环关键参量野外原位/移动/非接触式、自动、稳定监测等技术难点,开展了一系列监测生态系统水-土-气-冰-雪的关键参量的新技术设备研究。通过构建基于物联网的天地一体化生态系统监测体系,打破行业技术壁垒,促进工程技术、地质学、计算机科学等不同领域的跨学科合作,共同开展极端生态环境水循环关键参量监测技术研究与创新,并将实现对重要生态功能区的大范围、全天候、立体化监测,对推进我国生态文明建设具有重要支撑作用,促进并实现我国生态监测技术的综合应用和发展。

关键词：冻土含冰量冰川厚度雪水当量干旱环境蒸散发径流量地下水位

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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser w.th a pre-polarized plasma

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High Pow.r Laser science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.Büscher s.M.w.ng M.Chen Z.M.sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina state Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina sANKEN(Institute of scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation center of IFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser w.kefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the w.kefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam w.th polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser w.kefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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Polyaniline-based electrocatalysts through emulsion polymerization:Electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第1期26卷 182-192页

作者： shehnaz Xuedan song suzhen Ren Ying Yang Yanan Guo Hongyu Jing Qing Mao ce Hao state Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina College of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina

One of the major challenges associated w.th fuel cells is the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts to reduce the high overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here w. report Polyaniline (PANI) based micro/nanomaterials w.th or w.thout transition metals, prepared by the emulsion polymerization and subsequent heat treatment. PANI microspheres w.th the diameter of about 0.7 mu m have been prepared in basic (NH3 solution) condition, using tw. different types of surfactant (CTAB, sDs) as the stabilizer, ammonium persulphate (APs) as oxidant w.th aniline/surfactants molar ratio at 1/1 under the hydrothermal treatment. PANI nanorods, Fe-PANI, and Fe-Co-PANI have been synthesized in acidic (HCI) medium w.th aniline/surfactants molar ratio at 1/2 and polymerization carried out w.thout stirring for 24 h. Products mainly Fe-Co-PANI have show. high current density w.th increasing sw.ep rate and excellent specific capacitance 1753 F/g at the scan rate of 1 mV/s. Additionally, it has show. high thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fe-PANI has been investigated for excellent performance tow.rd ORR w.th four electron selectivity in the basic electrolyte. The PANI-based catalysts from emulsion polymerization demonstrate that the method is valuable for making non-precious metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts for ORR or energy storage and conversion technology. (C) 2016 science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Emulsion polymerization Interfacial conductivity Fe-Co-PANI Non-precious metal electrocatalyst Oxygen reduction reaction

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微咸水灌溉下粉垄耕作土壤水盐运移特性

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灌溉排水学报 2024年第2期43卷 1-7页

作者：朱成立杨花蕾冯根祥韩莉王策翟亚明冯宝平赵涛河海大学农业科学与工程学院南京210098 徐州市水利工程建设管理中心江苏徐州221000

【目的】明确微咸水灌溉条件下粉垄耕作土壤水分入渗规律及水盐运移特征。【方法】基于室内土箱试验,分析3种微咸水矿化度(0g/L(s1)、3g/L(s2)和5g/L(s3))和2种耕作(粉垄耕作(FL)和传统翻耕(FG))条件下的土壤水分入渗特征和水盐运移规... 详细信息

【目的】明确微咸水灌溉条件下粉垄耕作土壤水分入渗规律及水盐运移特征。【方法】基于室内土箱试验,分析3种微咸水矿化度(0g/L(s1)、3g/L(s2)和5g/L(s3))和2种耕作(粉垄耕作(FL)和传统翻耕(FG))条件下的土壤水分入渗特征和水盐运移规律。【结果】水分平均入渗速率和垂直湿润锋推进速率随着微咸水矿化度的升高呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,水平湿润锋运移速度随着微咸水矿化度的升高而持续增加。FL处理下的土壤水分入渗速率、湿润锋推进速率相比FG处理有明显提升。Kostiakov模型可较好地拟合2种耕作措施下的土壤累积入渗量与入渗时间之间的关系(R^(2)>0.99)。灌溉后20 d,FL处理下的土壤含水率均小于相同微咸水矿化度下的FG处理;同一耕作措施下,土壤含水率随着微咸水矿化度的升高而增加。【结论】微咸水灌溉与粉垄耕作对土壤水分入渗、土壤湿润锋运移和土壤水盐再分布具有改善作用。与灌溉前相比,灌溉后20 d,FL处理下的土壤平均脱盐率为42.95%~55.98%,而FG处理下的土壤平均脱盐率为32.34%~43.29%。随着矿化度的增加,FL处理下的平均土壤电导率相比FG处理分别下降22.38%、18.54%和15.68%。

关键词：微咸水灌溉粉垄耕作土壤水分入渗土壤水盐动态

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