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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： sisira Ediriweera champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.M.P.singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke c.V.s.Gunatilleke Mark sAshton Department of science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest school Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka state Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats shorea spp. southeast Asia sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Direct-seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-changing Traits for Better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODsE Priyanka JADHAV c.ANILKUMAR Dasari sREEKANTH K.sAMMI REDDY sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH c.B.HARIsHA P.s.BAsAVARAJ Indian council of Agricultural Research(IcAR)-National Institute of Abiotic stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India IcAR-central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India IcAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India IcAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DsR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DsR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DsR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DsR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DsR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DsR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DsR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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The soft X-ray Imager(sXI)on the sMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： s.sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli c.Bicknell c.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.canchal J.A.carter A.cheney Y.collado-Vega H.connor T.crawford N.Eaton c.Feldman c.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov c.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland s-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin s.Kögl s.Krucker K.D.Kuntz c.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer c.Pagani s.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.s.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad c.Runciman s.sachdev A.samsonov M.soman D.sibeck s.smit J.søndergaard R.speight s.stavland M.steller TianRan sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton c.Wang s.Yang school of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard space science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland centre for space science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain EsTEc European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands state Key Laboratory of space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied sciences and Arts Northwestern switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway sTM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NAsA/Goddard space Flight centre MD 20771USA center for space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China centro de Astrobiologia(cAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The soft X-ray Imager(sXI)is part of the scientific payload of the solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European space Agency(EsA)and the chinese Academy of sciences(cAs)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the sMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the solar Wind charge eXchange(sWcX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the sXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of sMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,china and the United states.

关键词： soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area ccD

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.sanders Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMc)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of chinese Assam tea(camellia sinensis ***)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 229-237页

作者： Miao-Miao Li Muditha K.Meegahakumbura Moses c.Wambulwa Kevin s.Burgess Michael Möller Zong-Fang shen De-Zhu Li Lian-Ming Gao cAs Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Germplasm Bank of Wild species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Kunming college of Life science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Department of Export Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadulla90000Sri Lanka Department of Life sciences School of Science and ComputingSouth Eastern Kenya University170-90200KituiKenya Department of Biology Columbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGA31907-5645USA Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH35LRScotlandUK Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100YunnanChina

chinese Assam tea(camellia sinensis ***)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,*** its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain *** address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 *** *** populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of *** and ***,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite *** showed that chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(s)=0.638)than the wild relative ***(H_s=0.658).clustering in sTRUcTURE indicated that chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific *** chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic ***,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene *** addition,10%of the ancient chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between chinese Assam tea and *** results suggest that chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication *** the domestication history of chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

关键词： Tea plant Hybrid origin Genetic diversity Domestication history camellia sinensis var.assamica camellia taliensis

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Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Bean Plants supplied with Two sources of silicon

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 963-980页

作者： Julio c.Anchondo-Páez Esteban sánchez carlos A.Ramírez-Estrada Alondra salcido-Martínez Erick H.Ochoa-chaparro Department of Plant Physiology Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y DesarrolloCiudad Delicias33089México

Beans contain a wide range of vitamins,proteins,calcium,and zinc which make them an important food source for many *** meet the demand for bean production worldwide,large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides are ***,the cost of production and environmental impact *** produce food sustainably,the use of beneficial nutrients such as silicon as a biostimulant has been ***,information about the effect of different sources of silicon on the metabolism of bean plants is *** plants *** were grown in pots for 60 days and the effect of foliar application of silicon nanoparticles and the silicon-based biostimulant codasilat 4 concentrations(0,1,2,and 4 mM)on total biomass,yield,photosynthetic pigment concentration,photosynthetic activity,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,chlorophyll fluorescence,and nitrogen assimilation were *** results obtained showed that the supply of silicon at a dose of 1 mM functioned as a biostimulant,favoring gas exchange and nitrogen assimilation within the plant,which stimulated growth and *** results of this research work allowed a better comprehension of the effects of silicon application through silicon nanoparticles and the biostimulant codasilon the physiology of green bean plants.

关键词： Nanoparticles silicon Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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Performance of evolutionary optimized machine learning for modeling total organic carbon in core samples of shale gas fields

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 150-164页

作者： Leonardo Goliatt c.M.saporetti L.c.Oliveira E.Pereira Department of computational and Applied Mechanics Federal University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaBrazil Department of computational Modeling Polytechnic InstituteRio de Janeiro State UniversityNova FriburgoBrazil Petrobras Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of stratigraphy and Paleontology Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil

Rock samples'TOc content is the best indicator of the organic matter in source *** origin rock samples’analysis is used to calculate it manually by *** method requires time and resources because it relies on samples from many well intervals in source ***,research has been done to aid this *** learning algorithms can estimate total organic carbon instead of well logs and stratigraphic *** light of these efforts,the current work present a study on automating the total organic carbon estimation using machine learning approaches improved by an evolutionary methodology to give the model flexibility and *** algorithms,differential evolution,particle swarm optimization,grey wolf optimization,artificial bee colony,and evolution strategies were used to improve machine learning models to predict *** six metaheuristics were integrated into four machine learning methods:extreme learning machine,elastic net linear model,linear support vector regression,and multivariate adaptive regression *** samples from the YuDong-Nan shale gas field,located in the sichuan basin,were used to evaluate the hybrid *** findings show that combining machine learning models with an evolutionary algorithms in a hybrid fashion produce flexible models that accurately predict *** results show that,independent of the metaheuristic used to guide the model selection,optimized extreme learning machines attained the best performance scores according to six *** hybrid models can be used in exploratory geological research,particularly for unconventional oil and gas resources.

关键词： Total organic carbon Hybrid models Automated machine learning Evolutionary algorithms Geology

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Assessing the biennial conference on science and technology(BIcOsT IX)2023 technical output on renewable energy,energy storage,and green hydrogen in line with UN sDG commitments

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clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 85-88页

作者： s.K.B.D.silva K.G.D.Piyumali Rasitha Thilini suranjana Perera K.D.K.G.Kaluarachchi Thilini Munagamage R.M.R.Ahammed c.s.P.Piyankarage seyed shahmy Veranja Karunaratne National science and Technology commission of sri Lanka ColomboSri Lanka sri Lanka Technological campus(sLTc) PadukkaSri Lanka University of Peradeniya PeradeniyaSri Lanka

The development,production and utilization of renewable energy,energy storage and green hydrogen and the associated technologies in sri Lanka have great potential to contribute to the United Nations’sustainable Development Goals(sDGs).The island aims to achieve 70%electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030(within the target of 40%utilization of renewable energy sources for the entire energy generation of the country by 2030).The power sector has to invest Us$11 billion from 2023 to 2030 to contribute to reaching this *** commentary aims to provide a critical perspective on the recommendations of the report from the National science and Technology commission’s 9th biennial conference in 2023 on science and technology,the sub-thematic technical report on clean energy,energy storage and green hydrogen in line with the sDGs in the sri Lankan *** technical report provides insightful recommendations for sri Lanka’s energy sector under three main sections:renewable energy,energy storage and green ***,it explores the potential of various renewable energy sources,energy storage systems and green hydrogen as sustainable solutions to address the country’s energy challenges while emphasizing the spillover effects of them,which could contribute to the enterprise’s job creation and uplift the economy.

关键词： renewable energy energy storage green hydrogen sustainable development goals sri Lanka social economic environmental sustainable affordable

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comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková s.Šašek J.Dittrich M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.Král Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(sPs)and selective laser melting(sLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the sLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the sPs *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 MPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the sLM and sPs materials,*** corrosion resistance of the sPs material in 0.1 M Nacl solution was superior to the sLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the sLM *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the sPs consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength corrosion resistance

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Post-operative protein supplementation following orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review

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sports Medicine and Health science 2024年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Andrew George Brendan M.Holderread Bradley s.Lambert Joshua D.Harris Patrick c.Mcculloch Houston Methodist Orthopedics and sports Medicine 6445 Main Street Suite 2300HoustonTX77030USA Houston Methodist Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory 6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA

Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle *** purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis(PRIsMA).PubMed(MEDLINE),Embase,scopus,and Web of science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic *** investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean *** outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or *** studies including 611 patients(224 males,387 females)were *** studies evaluated protein supplementation after AcL reconstruction(AcLR),3 after total hip arthroplasty(THA),5 after total knee arthroplasty(TKA),and 3 after surgical treatment of hip *** supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of *** primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional *** authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following AcLR,THA,TKA,and surgical treatment of hip *** effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Protein supplementation systematic review Muscle atrophy

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