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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak MichałGrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.It is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most countries.MAFLD is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver axis.The mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are complex.One critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis functionality.An increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to steatohepatitis.Moreover,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and fibrosis.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.They are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic steatosis.The mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic cells.Recently,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of MAFLD.This review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

Low-grade myofibrosarcoma of the maxillary sinus:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 566-575页

作者： Anna Mydlak ŁukaszŚcibik Monika Durzynska jakub Zwoliński Karolina Buchajska Olga Lenartowicz jakub Kucharz Department of Head and Neck Cancer Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Oncological Surgery The 5th Military Clinical Hospital with PolyclinicKrakow 30-901Poland Department of Pathology Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland Department of Genitourinary Oncology Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland

BACKGROUND Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma(LGMS)is an extremely rare tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of myofibroblasts.LGMS most commonly develops in adults,predominantly in males,in the head and neck region,oral cavity,especially on the tongue,mandible,and larynx.This article presents 2 cases of LGMS localized to the maxillary sinus and provides an overview of the available literature.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with LGMS located in the maxillary sinus underwent surgery at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery.Case 1:A 46-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic with suspected LGMS recurrence in the right maxillary sinus(rT4aN0M0),with symptoms of pain in the suborbital area,watering of the right eye,thick discharge from the right nostril,and augmented facial asymmetry.After open biopsy-confirmed LGMS,the patient underwent expanded maxillectomy of the right side with immediate palate reconstruction using a microvascular skin flap harvested surgically from the middle arm.The patient qualified for adjuvant radiotherapy for the postoperative bed,with an additional margin.Currently,the patient is under 1.5 years of observation with no evidence of disease.Case 2:A 45-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with facial asymmetry,strabismus,exophthalmos,and visual impairment in the right eye.Six months earlier,the patient had undergone partial jaw resection at another hospital for fibromatosis.A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a tumor mass in the postoperative log after an earlier procedure.An open biopsy confirmed lowgrade fibrosarcoma(rT4aN0M0).The patient qualified for an extended total right maxillectomy with orbital excision and right hemimandibulectomy with immediate microvascular reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh flap.The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant radiotherapy to the postoperative area.After 9 months,recurrence occurred in the right mandibular arch below the irradiated area.The lesion infiltrated the base of the skull,which warranted the withdra

关键词： Head and neck cancer Paranasal sinuses Maxillary sinus Sarcoma Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma Case report

Resolution and alteration with ample exceptional divisor

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： János Kollár jakub Witaszek Department of Mathematics Princeton University

In this note, we construct resolutions or regular alterations admitting an ample exceptional divisor,assuming the existence of projective resolutions or regular alterations. In particular, this implies the existence o...

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Microfluidic bubble-generator enables digital light processing 3D printing of porous structures

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 280-291页

作者： Philipp Weber Ling Cai Francisco Javier Aguilar Rojas Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares Maria Celeste Tirelli Francesco Nalin jakub Jaroszewicz Wojciech Swi eszkowski Marco Costantini Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences KasprzakaPoland Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWoloskaPoland

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent years.Further development of vatphotopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and components.Similarly,the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical applications.This work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing(DLP)printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size-tunable,3D-printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel matrix.It is found that the generation of size-tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel-precursor can be controlled with high precision.Furthermore,the porosities are printed in two-dimensional(2D)as well as in 3D using the DLP printer.In addition,the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts,where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation,spreading,and migration are confirmed.It is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,among others.

关键词： 3D printing biofabrication bubble digital light processing microfluidics porous

Knowledge,management,and complications of sepsis and septic shock:A significant therapeutic challenge in the intensive care unit

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第2期13卷 53-59页

作者： jakub Mizera Adrian Bystroń Karolina Matuszewska Justyna Pilch Ugo Giordano Wroclaw Medical University wyb.Ludwika Pasteura 150-367 WrocławPoland

Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions that are globally responsible for almost 20%of mortality,especially in low and middle-income countries.This review was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar databases with keywords sepsis,septic shock,sepsis management,and sepsis complications.Articles published up to July 2023 in English were included.Diagnosis and management should be carried out without unnecessary delay.Cooperation between various medical specialties including intensive care doctors,neurologists,hepatologists,cardiologists,and pediatric doctors is needed if a child is affected.New strategies have to be implemented in low and middle-income countries to decrease the sepsis incidence and reduce mortality in the population.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Management Complications Diagnosis Review

Effect of ankle versus thigh tourniquets on post-operative pain in foot and ankle surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 163-169页

作者： Ashish Mishra Ahmed Barakat Jitendra Mangwani jakub Kazda Sagar Tiwatane Sana Mohammed Aamir Shaikh Linzy Houchen-Wolloff Vipul Kaushik Department of Trauma and Orthopedics University Hospitals LeicesterLeicester LE15WWUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopedics Leicester University Hospitals-NHS TrustLeicester LE15WWLeicestershireUnited Kingdom Academic Team of Musculoskeletal Surgery University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom Department of Anaesthesia York&Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorth Yorkshire YO318HEUnited Kingdom Department of Anaesthesia Royal Free London NHS TrustLondon NW32QGUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma&Orthopaedics Breach Candy Hospital TrustMumbai 400026India Department of Physiotherapy University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom Department of Anasthesia University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE15WWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure,placement site,and duration of use.There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.AIM To explore the relationship between tourniquet site and intensity of post-operative pain scores in patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery.METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 201 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery in a single institution was undertaken.Intraoperative tourniquet duration,tourniquet pressure and site,and postoperative pain scores using Visual Analogue Score were collected in immediate recovery,at six hours and at 24 h post-op.Scatter plots were used to analyse the data and to assess for the statistical correlation between tourniquet pressure,duration,site,and pain scores using Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS All patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery had tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg for ankle tourniquet and 300 mmHg for thigh.There was no correlation between the site of the tourniquet and pain scores in recovery,at six hours and after 24 h.There was a weak correlation between tourniquet time and Visual Analogue Score immediately post-op(r=0.14,P=0.04)but not at six or 24 h post-operatively.CONCLUSION This study shows that there was no statistically significant correlation between tourniquet pressure,site and postop pain in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.The choice of using a tourniquet is based on the surgeon's preference,with the goal of minimizing the duration of its application at the operative site.

关键词： Lower limb surgery Tourniquet time Tourniquet pressure Tourniquet site Post-operative pain Pain scores

纤维弯曲对其集合体过滤特性影响的稳态数值分析

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纺织学报 2024年第7期45卷 31-39页

作者：刘倩倩尤健明王琰孙成磊 JIRI Militky DANA Kremenakova jakub Wiener 祝国成浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院) 浙江杭州310018 浙江朝晖过滤技术股份有限公司浙江嘉兴314511 浙江理工大学浙江-捷克先进纤维材料联合实验室浙江杭州310018 利贝雷茨理工大学纺织工程学院捷克利贝雷茨46117 浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心(鉴湖实验室) 浙江绍兴312000

为探究纤维过滤介质中纤维曲率对其内部速度分布、压力损失、过滤效率的影响,通过Digimat建模软件建立曲率K分别为0、2、4、6,固体体积分数为8%,在三维空间中随机分散排列的纤维过滤介质模型,结合计算流体力学方法,基于拉格朗日离散模型... 详细信息

为探究纤维过滤介质中纤维曲率对其内部速度分布、压力损失、过滤效率的影响,通过Digimat建模软件建立曲率K分别为0、2、4、6,固体体积分数为8%,在三维空间中随机分散排列的纤维过滤介质模型,结合计算流体力学方法,基于拉格朗日离散模型和Laminar流场,利用雷诺相似准则,设置入口速度分别为0.05、0.142、0.5、1、2 m/s,平均颗粒粒径为0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2.5、4、5 mm,对微米纤维模型内部气-固两相流动情况进行数值模拟。结果表明:随着纤维曲率K由0增大至6,在入口速度为0.5 m/s时,纤维曲率对速度场分布的影响不明显,速度场的分布呈无规律性;纤维曲率对模型内部压力损失有显著影响,随着纤维曲率的提高,纤维模型内部压力损失呈线性增大;纤维过滤介质的过滤效率随纤维模型曲率的增大而提高,在入口速度为1 m/s、模型曲率K为6时,对平均粒径为5 mm的颗粒过滤效率接近90%,明显高于相同粒径下K为0时的过滤效率。

关键词：计算流体力学纤维曲率压力损失数值模拟过滤效率

Patterns of Ips cembrae(Herr)infestation on trap and standing trees of European larch(Larix decidua Mill.)

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 2041-2050页

作者： jakub Špoula Emanuel Kula Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife ManagementMendel University in BrnoZemědělská3Brno 61300Czech Republic

The large larch beetle,Ips cembrae,is a significant pest causing the death of larch.In 2020,the attack density of I.cembrae on larch trap trees and standing trees was evaluated using sample sections placed along the trunk.As a defensive measure against I.cembrae,trap trees were highly effective in both spring and summer.The attack density increased with increasing trap tree surface area/volume.Galleries were established evenly throughout the entire trunk including the thin upper portion.When the number of trap trees was low and their capacity full,a continual aggregation of adults occurred due to pheromone communication,leading to attacks on healthy standing trees in the immediate vicinity.It was found that I.cembrae attacked standing trees from the trunk base,with a continual colonization of the stem up to 70%of the tree height in a time-differentiated progression of development stages.The attack density of I.cembrae on standing trees was up to 40%lower than on the trap trees.

关键词： Forest protection Ips cembrae Larix decidua Stem infestation Trap tree

SIRK1-QSK1 as a novel receptor complex perceiving endogenous PEP7 peptides

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Molecular Plant 2023年第2期16卷 298-300页

作者： jakub Rzemieniewski Martin Stegmann hytopathology School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany

Endogenous peptides are important signaling molecules facilitating short-and long-distance signaling in plant growth,development,and immunity(Rzemieniewski and Stegmann,2022).Multiple plant peptides emerged to have dual regulatory functions in both growth and defense and are thus classified as phytocytokines(Rzemieniewski and Stegmann,2022).

关键词： n,2 endogenous immunity