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Unraveling pathological mechanisms in neurological disorders:the impact of cell-based and organoid models

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2131-2140页

作者： jake langlie Rahul Mittal Ariel Finberg Nathalie B.Bencie Jeenu Mittal Hossein Omidian Yadollah Omidi Adrien A.Eshraghi Department of Otolaryngology Hearing Research and Communication Disorders LaboratoryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA College of Pharmacy Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFLUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Cell-based models are a promising tool in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as aiding in the discovery and development of future drug *** greatest challenge is creating cell-based models that encapsulate the vast phenotypic presentations as well as the underlying genotypic etiology of these *** this article,we discuss the recent advancements in cell-based models for understanding the pathophysiology of neurological *** reviewed studies discussing the progression of cell-based models to the advancement of three-dimensional models and organoids that provide a more accurate model of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in *** better we understand how to create more precise models of the neurological system,the sooner we will be able to create patient-specific models and large libraries of these neurological *** three-dimensional models can be used to discover the linking factors to connect the varying phenotypes,such models will also help to understand the early pathophysiology of these neurological disorders and how they are affected by their *** three-dimensional cell models will allow us to create more specific treatments and uncover potentially preventative measures in neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis autism spectrum disorder cell-based model central nervous system induced pluripotent stem cells mesenchymal stem cells organoid model organ-on-a-chip Parkinson’s disease three-dimensional model

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Recent advancements in noninvasive brain modulation for individuals with autism spectrum disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1191-1195页

作者： Jessica R.Griff jake langlie Nathalie B.Bencie Zachary J.Cromar Jeenu Mittal Idil Memis Steven Wallace Alexander E.Marcillo Rahul Mittal Adrien A.Eshraghi Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory Department of OtolaryngologyNeurotology DivisionUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Autism spectrum disorder is classified as a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with an unknown definitive *** with autism spectrum disorder show deficits in a variety of areas including cognition,memory,attention,emotion recognition,and social *** no definitive treatment or cure,the main interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are based on behavioral ***,noninvasive brain modulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,intermittent theta burst stimulation,continuous theta burst stimulation,and transcranial direct current stimulation have been studied for their therapeutic properties of modifying neuroplasticity,particularly in individuals with autism spectrum *** evidence from small cohort studies,pilot studies,and clinical trials suggests that the various noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have therapeutic benefits for treating both behavioral and cognitive manifestations of autism spectrum ***,little data is available for quantifying the clinical significance of these findings as well as the long-term outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who underwent transcranial *** objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in the application of noninvasive brain modulation technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder behavior cognition neurostimulation interventions noninvasive brain modulation theta burst stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

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