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Sleep disturbances and predictors of nondeployability among active-duty army soldiers: an odds ratio analysis of medical healthcare data from fiscal year 2018

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 335-342页

作者： jaime K.Devine jacob Collen jake j.choynowski Vincent Capaldi Institutes for Behavior Resources Operational Fatigue and Performance2104 Maryland AveBaltimoreMD 21218USA Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Walter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMD 20889USA Behavioral Biology Branch Center for Military Psychiatry and NeuroscienceWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMD 20910USA

Background:The impact of sleep disorders on active-duty soldiers’medical readiness is not currently *** data generated at military treatment facilities can be accessed to create research reports and thus can be used to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the role of sleep on overall health in service *** current study aimed to quantify sleep-related health issues and their impact on health and nondeployability through the analysis of *** healthcare records from fiscal year 2018(FY2018).Methods:Medical diagnosis information and deployability profiles(e-Profiles)were queried for all active-duty *** patients with a concurrent sleep disorder diagnosis receiving medical care within *** was predicted from medical reasons for having an e-Profile(categorized as sleep,behavioral health,musculoskeletal,cardiometabolic,injury,or accident)using binomial logistic *** e-Profiles were investigated as a moderator between other e-Profile categories and ***:Out of 582,031 soldiers,48.4%(n=281,738)had a sleep-related diagnosis in their healthcare records,9.7%(n=56,247)of soldiers had e-Profiles,and 1.9%(n=10,885)had a sleep *** with sleep e-Profiles were more likely to have had a motor vehicle accident(p OR(prevalence odds ratio)=4.7,95%CI 2.63–8.39,P≤0.001)or work/duty-related injury(p OR=1.6,95%CI 1.32–1.94,P≤0.001).The likelihood of nondeployability was greater in soldiers with a sleep e-Profile and a musculoskeletal e-Profile(p OR=4.25,95%CI 3.75–4.81,P≤0.001)or work/dutyrelated injury(p OR=2.62,95%CI 1.63–4.21,P≤0.001).Conclusion:Nearly half of soldiers had a sleep disorder or sleep-related medical diagnosis in 2018,but their sleep problems are largely not profiled as limitations to medical *** issues and physical injury predict nondeployability,and nondeployability is more likely to occur in soldiers who have sleep e-Profiles in addition t

关键词： Medical readiness Behavioral sleep medicine Deployability Healthcare records Military Big data Data mining

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Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A)

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 103-115页

作者： jaime K.Devine jake choynowski Tina Burke Kajsa Carlsson Vincent F.Capaldi Ashlee B.McKeon Walter j.Sowden Operational Fatigue and Performance Institutes for Behavior ResourcesBaltimoreMD 21218USA Behavioral Biology Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of Research503 Robert Grant AveSilver SpringMD 20910USA Tripler Army Medical Center HonoluluHI 96859USA

Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training ***: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.

关键词： Actigraphy Sleep-wake patterns Military sleep assessment Operational environment Scoring methodology

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Highwall mining of thick,steeply dipping coal–A case study in geotechnical design and recovery optimization

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 777-780页

作者： Chris Ross David Conover jake Baine Agapito Associate Inc.GoldenCOUSA Westmoreland Kemmerer LLC Kemmerer MineKemmererUSA

Highwall mining of thick(up to 30.48 m)steeply dipping(20°or more)coal seams provides many chal lenges,both geotechnically and operationally,as seam dips near or in excess of highwall mining machine capabilities are *** coal recovery while maintaining highwall stability requires innovative techniques with regard to web and barrier pillar layout,depth of penetration,and choice of mining horizon within the *** of highwall mining slopes,openings,and pillarsare typically analyzed using the ARMPS-HWM program,as well as LAMODEL,UDEC and SLOPE/W *** stability can be maintained,and highwall mining production optimized by applying design cri-teria in creative ways,including alternating miner penetration depths and initiating mining of thick seams toward the bottom of the *** mining of thick,steeply dipping coal requires careful planning and execution,including close cooperation between geotechnical design engineers,the mining company,and the highwall mining *** paper describes the application of creative design techniques to a specific pit arrangement at the Westmoreland Kemmerer Mine,Kemmerer,*** mining was accomplished by UGM ADDCAR Systems,LLC on a contract basis.

关键词： mining thick optimization

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Differential effects of two dominant plant species on community structure and invasibility in an old-field ecosystem

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journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 123-131页

作者： Lara Souza jake F.Weltzin Nathan j.Sanders Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee1416 Circle DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85719USA

Aims In this study,we examined the effects of Solidago altissima(hereafter Solidago)and two species in the genus Verbesina,Verbesina virginica and Verbesina occidentalis(hereafter Verbesina),on the structure of an old-field plant community and establishment by an invasive plant species,Lespedeza cuneata(hereafter Lespedeza).Methods We removed Solidago,Verbesina and both Solidago and Verbesina from 4m^(-2)plots in an intact old-field community during two growing *** then quantified the effects of these removals on richness,evenness,diversity and composition of the subdominant plant *** also measured the total aboveground biomass and the aboveground biomass of the subdominant *** assess how these removals affected establishment by Lespedeza,we planted 20 seeds in each plot and tracked seedling emergence and survival for one growing *** Findings Subdominant community evenness and Shannon diversity were higher in plots from which Solidago and Verbesina were removed relative to control ***,there were no effects of dominant species removal on species richness or composition of the subdominant *** aboveground biomass was not affected by dominant species removal,suggesting that the community of subdominant species exhibited *** fact,subdominant community biomass was greater when Solidago,but not Verbesina,was *** availability was also greater in plots where Solidago was removed relative to control plots throughout the growing *** addition,removal of dominant species,in particular Solidago,indirectly reduced the emergence,but not survival,of Lespedeza seedlings by directly promoting subdominant community *** together,our results suggest that dominant old-field plant species affect subdominant community structure and indirectly promote establishment by Lespedeza.

关键词： compensation establishment invasive Lespedeza cuneata Solidago Verbesina

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Chain length-dependent cooperativity in fatty acid binding and oxidation by cytochrome P450_(BM3)(CYP102A1)

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Protein & Cell 2011年第8期2卷 656-671页

作者： Benjamin Rowlatt jake A.Yorke Anthony j.Strong Christopher j.C.Whitehouse Stephen G.Bell Luet-Lok Wong Department of Chemistry University of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QRUK

Fatty acid binding and oxidation kinetics for wild type P450_(BM3)(CYP102A1)from Bacillus megaterium have been found to display chain length-dependent homotropic *** and 13-methyl-myristate display Michaelis-Menten behavior while there are slight deviations with myristate at low ionic *** shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics and hyperbolic binding behavior in 100 mmol/L phosphate,pH 7.4,but sigmoidal kinetics(with an apparent intercept)in low ionic strength buffers and at physiological phosphate *** low ionic strength buffers both the heme domain and the full-length enzyme show complex palmitate binding behavior that indicates a minimum of four fatty acid binding sites,with high cooperativity for the binding of the fourth palmitate molecule,and the full-length enzyme showing tighter palmitate binding than the heme *** first flavin-to-heme electron transfer is faster for laurate,myristate and palmitate in 100 mmol/L phosphate than in 50mmol/L Tris(pH 7.4),yet each substrate induces similar high-spin heme *** palmitate in low phosphate buffer concentrations,the rate constant of the first electron transfer is much larger than *** results suggest that phosphate has a specific effect in promoting the first electron transfer step,and that P450_(BM3) could modulate Bacillus membrane morphology and fluidity via palmitate oxidation in response to the external phosphate concentration.

关键词： P450_(BM3) monooxygenase fatty acid cooperativity allosteric effect CYP102A1

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Responses of an old-field plant community to interacting factors of elevated[CO_(2)],warming,and soil moisture

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journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： E.Cayenne Engel jake F.Weltzin Richard j.Norby Aimee T.Classen Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996-1610USA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOne Bethel Valley RoadBuilding 1062Oak RidgeTN 37831-6422USA Present address:USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85721USA

Aims The direct effects of atmospheric and climatic change factors—atmospheric[CO_(2)],air temperature and changes in precipitation—can shape plant community composition and alter ecosystem *** is essential to understand how these factors interact to make better predictions about how ecosystems may respond to *** investigated the direct and interactive effects of[CO_(2)],warming and altered soil moisture in open-top chambers(OTCs)enclosing a constructed old-field community to test how these factors shape plant *** and methods The experimental facility in Oak Ridge,TN,USA,made use of 4-m diameter OTCs and rain shelters to manipulate[CO_(2)](ambient,ambient+300 ppm),air temperature(ambient,ambient+3.5C)and soil moisture(wet,dry).The plant communities within the chambers comprised seven common old-field species,including grasses,forbs and *** tracked foliar cover for each species and calculated community richness,evenness and diversity from 2003 to *** findings This work resulted in three main findings:(1)warming had speciesspecific effects on foliar cover that varied through time and were altered by soil moisture treatments;(2)[CO_(2)]had little effect on individual species or the community;(3)diversity,evenness and richness were influenced most by soil moisture,primarily reflecting the response of one dominant *** conclude that individualistic species responses to atmospheric and climatic change can alter community composition and that plant populations and communities should be considered as part of analyses of terrestrial ecosystem response to climate ***,prediction of plant community responses may be difficult given interactions between factors and changes in response through time.

关键词： climate change foliar cover multi-factor interactions diversity richness

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CO_(2)enrichment accelerates successional development of an understory plant community

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journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第1期3卷 33-39页

作者： Lara Souza R.Travis Belote Paul Kardol jake F.Weltzin Richard j.Norby Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryBuilding 1062PO Box 2008Oak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 569 Dabney HallUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA The Wilderness Society 503 West Mendenhall St BozemanMT 59715USA USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating officeTucsonAZ 85721USA

Aims Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide([CO_(2)])may influence forest successional development and species composition of understory plant communities by altering biomass production of plant species of functional ***,we describe how elevated[CO_(2)](eCO_(2))affects aboveground biomass within the understory community of a temperate deciduous forest at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory sweetgum(Liquidambar styraciflua)free-air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE)facility in eastern Tennessee,*** asked if(i)CO_(2)enrichment affected total understory biomass and(ii)whether total biomass responses could be explained by changes in understory species composition or changes in relative abundance of functional groups through *** and methods The FACE experiment started in 1998 with three rings receiving ambient[CO_(2)](aCO_(2))and two rings receiving eCO_(2).From 2001 to 2003,we estimated species-specific,woody versus herbaceous and total aboveground biomass by harvesting four 130.5-m subplots within the established understory plant community in each FACE *** 2008,we estimated herbaceous biomass as previously but used allometric relationships to estimate woody biomass across two 535-m quadrats in each FACE *** findings Across years,aboveground biomass of the understory community was on average 25%greater in eCO_(2)than in aCO_(2)*** could not detect differences in plant species composition between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)***,we did observe shifts in the relative abundance of plant functional groups,which reflect important structural changes in the understory *** 2001-03,little of the understory biomass was in woody species;herbaceous species made up 94%of the total understory biomass across[CO_(2)]*** time,woody species increased in importance,mostly in eCO_(2),and in 2008,the contribution of herbaceous species to total understory biomass was 61%in aCO_(2)and only 33%in eCO_(2)***

关键词： community composition FACE aboveground biomass woody herbaceous sweetgum Microstegium vimineum Lonicera japonica

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State of data platforms for connected vehicles and infrastructures

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Communications in Transportation Research 2021年第1期1卷 100-110页

作者： Kai Li Lim jake Whitehead Dongyao jia Zuduo Zheng Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Civil Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

The continuing expansion of connected and electro-mobility products and services has led to their ability to rapidly generate very large amounts of data,leading to a demand for effective data management *** is further catalysed through the need for society to make informed policies and decisions that can properly support their emerging *** data systems and platforms exist,they are often proprietary,being only compatible to the products that they are designed *** the products and services generate energy and spatial-temporal data that can often correlate,a lack of interoperability between these systems would impede decision making,as data from each system must be considered *** studying currently available data platforms and frameworks,this paper weighs the problems that these products address,and identifies necessary gaps for a more cohesive platform to *** is performed through a top-down approach,whereby broader vehicle-toeverything approaches are first studied,before moving to the components that could comprise a data platform to integrate and ingest these various data ***,potential design considerations for a data platform is presented,along with examples of application bene.

关键词： Connected mobility Vehicular networks Data platforms Electric vehicles

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Polar Gini Curve:A Technique to Discover Gene Expression Spatial Patterns from Single-cell RNA-seq Data

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第3期19卷 493-503页

作者： Thanh Minh Nguyen jacob john jeevan Nuo Xu jake Y.Chen Informatics Institute the University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Collat School of Business the University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA

In this work,we describe the development of Polar Gini Curve,a method for characterizing cluster markers by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)*** Gini Curve combines the gene expression and the 2D coordinates(“spatial”)information to detect patterns of uniformity in any clustered cells from scRNA-seq *** demonstrate that Polar Gini Curve can help users characterize the shape and density distribution of cells in a particular cluster,which can be generated during routine scRNA-seq data *** quantify the extent to which a gene is uniformly distributed in a cell cluster space,we combine two polar Gini curves(PGCs)—one drawn upon the cell-points expressing the gene(the“foreground curve”)and the other drawn upon all cell-points in the cluster(the“background curve”).We show that genes with highly dissimilar foreground and background curves tend not to uniformly distributed in the cell cluster—thus having spatially divergent gene expression patterns within the *** with similar foreground and background curves tend to uniformly distributed in the cell cluster—thus having uniform gene expression patterns within the *** quantitative attributes of PGCs can be applied to sensitively discover biomarkers across clusters from scRNA-seq *** demonstrate the performance of the Polar Gini Curve framework in several simulation case *** this framework to analyze a real-world neonatal mouse heart cell dataset,the detected biomarkers may characterize novel subtypes of cardiac muscle *** source code and data for Polar Gini Curve could be found at http://***/PGC/or https://***/projects/Polar_Gini_Curve/76749.

关键词： Single-cell gene expression Polar Gini curve Spatial pattern Biomarker discovery

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An economic analysis of varicella immunization in the Singapore military

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journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第1期31卷 43-50页

作者： jake j.K.Goh Marc Ho W.M.Koh Vernon j.Lee Specialist Medicine Centre AFPN 0047 27 Medical Drive #08-01 Singapore 117510 Singapore National University of Singapore MD3 16 Medical Drive Singapore 117597 Singapore

Background:Varicella outbreaks occur frequently in closed environments such as those of *** paper compares the economic outcomes of varicella vaccination in enlisted servicemen without prior reported varicella infection or ***:We analyzed the economic outcomes of a varicella vaccination program on all enlisted servicemen without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination in the Singapore Armed Forces(SAF) between December 11,2010–December 20,2013,compared with the previous program of varicella vaccination only for selected personnel between December 1,2007–December 10,***:In the at-risk population of all active SAF servicemen,the program of varicella vaccination for all servicemen without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination upon enlistment would save 72.0 work days per 1000(95% CI:61.2-82.9),valued at SG$6,544 per 1000(95% CI:6,524-6,564),i.e.,costing SG$91.5 per work day saved(95% CI:78.7-107.3).This also results in a reduction of 2.7 varicella cases per 1000 and 5.43 outbreaks per 10000,or a total savings of SG$1,695 per 1000(95% CI:–2,730-6,834),taking into account the cost of work days lost over a three-year period,compared with the previous regime of vaccinations only for selected ***:The varicella vaccination strategy targeting all enlisted servicemen without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination is able to prevent varicella infections and outbreaks,thus reducing absenteeism and days lost.

关键词： Varicella Vaccination Military Singapore Economic analysis

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