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SUSTAINABLE MICRO-VILLAGES AND THE CARWOOLA HOUSE PROJECT IN CANBERRA,AUSTRALIA

Journal of Green Building 2018年第4期13卷 169-190页

作者： paul Barnett paul Barnett Design Group

INTRODUCTION Our needs as social and familial beings change over the course of our lives;however,it has become common practice to build as though these needs remain static through *** needs of a child,young adult,family,middle age and the elderly are dynamic between generations,and adding to these evolving life needs is the crisis of housing affordability.ree decades ago a house could cost 3-4 times an individual’s annual income,today that cost is closer to 10-12 *** response to these chal-lenges,this article explores the concept of Sustainable Micro-Villages,providing insight into a new approach to energy-efficient housing with reference to our case-study project-Carwoola *** Micro-Villages can be defined as a cluster of integrated dwellings,referred to here as Living *** a“single house”on a single site,these micro-villages can be comprised of two or more smaller buildings that provide private dwelling space for a single person,couples,couples with children,parents,elderly,friends and any combination of social *** pods cluster around a natural garden setting,enhanced by waterharvesting,and are connected with covered,open or enclosed links depending on the climate of the *** recent iterations of this type of dwelling also incorporate solar passive design,passive house and green-house *** Australia,new house designs are evaluated as part of an approvals process for their energy rating.1e Australian Building Code requires a minimum 6-star rating,ranging up to 10 stars for any new home to be built.A 6-star rating provides a good level of insulation and energy performance if built correctly,while 10 stars represent the highest level of energy performance and refers to a dwelling that needs no heating or *** Micro-Villages consistently achieve an 8 to 10-star rating by combining Solar Passive Design principles(good orientation,thermal mass and thermal performance)and Passive House Technology(

关键词： Micro Villages Living Pods Naturescapes Solar Passive Passive House Photovoltaics Waterharvesting Biophilia Permaculture Biodynamics Water Storage

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Dur’ngoi Ophiolite in East Kunlun, Northeast Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for Paleo-Tethyan Suture in Northwest China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 303-331页

作者：杨经绥史仁灯吴才来王希斌 paul T Robinson Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Dalhousie University

The A＇nyemaqen （阿尼玛卿） ophiolite belt along the southern margin of the East Kunlun （昆仑） Mountains marks the suture formed by the closure of paleo-Tethys. The Dur＇ngoi ophiolite in the eastern part of this belt consists of meta-peridotite, mafic-ultramafic cumulates, sheeted dikes and basaltic lavas. The meta-peridotites consist of dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, feldspar-bearing lherzolite and garnet-bearing lherzolite and contain residual spinel with Cr# [100×Cr/（Cr＋Al）] ranging from 30 to 57 and Mg# [100×Mg/（Mg＋Fe2＋）] ranging from 50 to 75, indicating an Al- and Mg-rich series. The meta-peridotites have a relatively narrow range of composition with Mg# of 89.2-92.6, Al2O3 contents of （1-4） wt.% and slightly depleted chondrite normalized ree patterns, indicating that they represent relict mantle material that has undergone intermediate to low degrees of partial melting. Garnets in the lherzolite are andradite, enriched in Ca and Fe and depleted in Mg and AI （And=95-97, Pyr=0.3-5, Gro=0-3）, indicating a metamorphic origin. The cumulate rocks mainly consist of dunite, wehrlite, pyroxenite and gabbro. A well-layered gabbro-pyroxenite complex is defined by modal variations in plagioclase and pyroxene. Blocks of garnet-pyroxenite or rodingite are locally present in the meta-peridotites. Garnets in the cumulate rocks are grossular （Gro=69-90, And=9-19, Br=l-12）, also metamorphic origin. The diabase dikes are moderately depleted in Lree [（La/Sm）N=0.5-0.8] and Hree resulting in slightly convex chondrite-normalized patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies （δEu=1.1-1.3）. The basaltic lavas have ree patterns similar to those of MORB with （La/Sm）N ratios of 0.5-1 and small negative Eu anomalies. They appear to have been derived from a depleted mantle source and to have undergone little or no differentiation during crystallization. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the basalts yields 286pb/238U ages of 276-319 Ma （average 308.0±4.9 Ma）. The Dur＇ngoi ophiolite is interprete

关键词： ophiolite Dur'ngoi A'nyemaqen East Kunlun Tibet.

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Early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites:Comparative geochemistry and evolutionary processes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第6期15卷 348-366页

作者： paul Sotiriou Ali Polat Tim Kusky Brian F.Windley School of the Environment University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4Canada GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen 91054BayernGermany Center for Global Tectonics State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei ProvincePR China School of Geography Geology and the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK

In a paper in 1970,Brian Windley first recognised that early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites both have calcic plagioclase,and low TiO_(2)and high CaO and Al_(2)O_(3)*** these similarities,the geochemistry of early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites has not been rigorously compared and *** this end,we compiled 425 analyses from 212 early terrestrial anorthosite occurrences and 306 analyses from 16 lunar anorthosite *** was supplemented by a compilation of plagioclase anorthite(An)contents and pyroxene Mg#from early terrestrial and lunar *** terrestrial anorthosites have lower whole-rock An contents but similar Mg#to lunar *** CaO contents of lunar anorthosites are higher than those of early terrestrial anorthosites for a given MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)content,early terrestrial anorthosites have higher SiO_(2)contents than lunar anorthosites at a given MgO content,and lunar anorthosites have higher Eu/Eu*anomaly ratios yet broadly similar La/Yb and Nd/Sm ratios than early terrestrial *** early terrestrial anorthosites have less fractionated chondrite-normalised rare earth element(ree)patterns and less prominent positive Eu anomalies than lunar *** anorthosites have higher plagioclase An contents,yet a similar range of pyroxene Mg#compared to their early terrestrial *** early terrestrial anorthosites are more fractionated than some lunar *** interpretations imply that most early terrestrial anorthosites crystallised from basaltic parental magmas that were generated by high-degree partial melting of sub-arc asthenosphere mantle wedge sources that were hydrated by slab-derived fluids,with the remainder being associated with mid-ocean ridge and mantle plume *** of the arc-related early terrestrial anorthosites were influenced by crustal *** addition,early terrestrial anorthosites originated from partial melting of the mantle at variou

关键词： Early terrestrial anorthosites Lunar anorthosites Geochemistry Mineral chemistry

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Geochemistry,Petrogenesis and Alteration of Rare-Metal-Bearing Granitoids and Mineralized Silexite of the Al-Ghurayyah Stock,Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1488-1510页

作者： Hisham A.Gahlan Mokhles K.Azer paul D.Asimow Mansour H.Al-Hashim Department of Geology and Geophysics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Geological Sciences Department National Research CentreCairoEgypt Division of Geological&Planetary Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA

New data are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granitoids of the AlGhurayyah stock in the northwestern segment of the Arabian Shield, a composite pluton intruding metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary successions of the Silasia Formation. Metals in the granitoids are variably enriched, with up to 1 990 μg/g Zn, 7 680 μg/g Zr, 2 316 μg/g Nb, 232 μg/g Ta, 485 μg/g Hf, 670 μg/g Th, 137 μg/g U and 1 647 μg/g total rare earth elements(ree). The silexite is highly mineralized and yields higher maximum concentrations of several metals than the granitoids, including up to 1 860 μg/g Y, 9 400 μg/g Zr, 878 μg/g Hf, 1 000 μg/g Th, and 2 029 μg/g total ree. The Al-Ghurayyah stock has been assigned to an intraplate setting. Lithospheric delamination led to generation of mantle melts that supplied heat to melt the juvenile crust of the ANS. The fluorine and rare-metal enriched parental magma evolved by fractional crystallization. The quartz-rich silexite, distinct in character from ordinary hydrothermal vein quartz, is inferred to be co-genetic with the granitoids on the basis of their similar ree patterns;it is interpreted as a small volume of residual magma enriched in SiO2, volatiles, and trace metals. Mineralization took place both at the magmatic stage and later during a hydrothermal stage that concentrated these elements to economic grades.

关键词： Arabian Shield Al-Ghurayyah rare metals silexite peralkaline granite hydrothermal metasomatism

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Depositional age and tectonic environment of the Gouap banded iron formations from the Nyong group,SW Cameroon:Insights from isotopic,geochemical and geochronological studies of drillcore samples

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 549-572页

作者： Landry Soh Tamehe Chongtao Wei Sylvestre Ganno Carlos Alberto Rosiere Jean paul Nzenti Chesther Gatse Ebotehouna Guanwen Lu Key Laboratory of CBM Resources and Reservoir Formation Process Chinese Ministry of EducationChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouJiangsu221116China Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 812YaoundeCameroon Department of Geology Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The discovery of the Gouap banded iron formations(BIFs)-hosted iron mineralization in the northwestern of the Nyong Group(Ntem Complex)in southwestern Cameroon provides unique insights into the geology of this *** this contribution,we firstly report detailed study of geochemistry,isotopic and geochronology of well preserved samples of the Gouap BIFs collected from diamond *** Gouap BIFs consist mainly of amphibole BIFs and amphibole-pyrite BIFs characterized by dominant Fe_(2)O_(3)+SiO_(2)contents and variable contents of CaO,MgO and SO_(3),consistent with the presence of amphibole,chlorite,epidote and pyrite,formed during amphibolite facies metamorphism and overprinted hydrothermal *** amphibole–pyrite BIFs are typically enriched in trace and rare earth elements(ree)compared to the amphibole BIFs,suggesting the influence of detrital materials as well as secondary hydrothermal *** Post Archean Australian Shale(PAAS)-normalized ree–Y profiles of the Gouap BIFs display positive La,Eu anomalies,weak negative Ce anomalies,indicating a mixture of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids and relatively oxic conditions probably under relative shallow *** present here the first isotopic data of BIFs within the Ntem ***δ^(30)Si_(NBS28)values of the quartz from the Gouap BIFs vary from-1.5‰to-0.3‰and from-0.8‰to-0.9‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,*** quartz hasδ^(18)OV-SMOW values of 6.8‰–9.5‰(amphibole BIFs)and 9.2‰–10.6‰(amphibole–pyrite BIFs).The magnetite from the Gouap BIFs showsδ^(18)O values ranging from-3.5‰to-1.8‰and from-3‰to-1.7‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,***,the pyrite grains in the amphibole–pyrite BIFs displayδ34S values of 1.1‰–1.8‰.All isotopic data of the Gouap BIFs confirm that they might have precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids with detrital input distant from the volcanic *** to their geochemical and isotop

关键词： Gouap Banded iron formations Isotope geochemistry Zircon geochronology Ryacian period Brasiliano-Congo orogeny

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Some refractory and volatile element chemistry of CaS in enstatite chondrites

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Science China Earth Sciences 1996年第2期39卷 184-193页

作者：陈永亨 paul H.Benoit Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guangzhou 510640 China Cosmochemistry Group Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR72701 USA

INAA data for ree, Sc, Se, Br and Zn in CaS extracted from 5 enstatite chondrites (Qingzhen EH3, St. Marks EH5, Atlanta EL6, Hvittis EL6 and Pillistfer EL6) are reported. The results indicate that the ree abundances in CaS from unequilibrated enstatite chondrite, Qingzhen, are much higher than that from equilibrated ones. Similarly, the abundances of Sc, Se, Br and Zn in CaS from Qingzhen are higher than that in CaS grains from equilibrated chondrites, revealing that CaS is a previous condensate and is not simple residues of an evaporative process. Secondly, metamorphism has caused the redistribution of the trace elements among the minerals in enstatite chondrites, and this metamorphic fractionation reflects the differences from element volatilities and chemical properties. The ree patterns of CaS of enstatite chondrites and aubrites could not explain that aubrites were derived from known enstatite chondrites by igneous processing. And depleted europium in metamorphism and igneous process may be carried by Cr-bearing sulfides (minerals A and B).

关键词： enstatite meteorites oldhamite trace element chemistry INVA.

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Provenance of aeolian sediment in the Taklamakan Desert of western China,inferred from ree and major-elemental data

Provenance of aeolian sediment in the Taklamakan Desert of w...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2007学术年会

作者： paul D.White Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

To identify the provenance of aeolian deposits in the extensive dune field in the Taklamakan Desert is of great importance for understanding the formation of this,the largest sand sea in *** opinions from earlier studies are quite dipolar and are as follows: (a) local origin of the dune sands in different parts of the desert on the basis of various heavy mineral assemblages;and(b) strong homogenization of the sands in the entire Taklamakan on the basis of geochemical data from whole-rock *** separately examining the ree characteristics and major-elemental composition in coarse and fine fractions of the samples from aeolian deposits, this paper provides new data for interpreting sources of aeolian deposits in the *** sampling sites are distributed in four different fluvial systems,*** areas of the Keriya River,Niya River and Cele River in the southern part and the northern margin near the Tarim River(Fig.1).Our results show that there are some significant differences in concentrations of trace elements and in ree features between the coarse and the fine fractions of the aeolian *** major-elemental and ree data suggest that the coarser sand is different from area to area in the desert rather than a homogenization of the entire *** fine fractions(mainly silts) are more *** regional difference of coarse fractions in the study areas is consistent with the fluvial and wind systems in the basin. This confirms that the sands are often mixed between the northern and southern parts but there is much less mixing along the east-west *** should be emphasized that not only glacial and aeolian processes but also fluvial and lacustrine processes have jointly contributed to the formation of the huge sand *** addition,little variation is found between old and young sands in two sediment sequences in the central part of the desert,indicating consistency of sand sources in a given site during the last 40 ka.

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Origin and intraplate tectonic setting of mafic magmatic enclaves from the Ngaoundal area,Adamawa-Cameroon:Insights from petrography and geochemistry

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China Geology 2022年第4期5卷 579-594页

作者： Aliou Mamouda Sylvestre Ganno Guy Tchoupe Takam Bertin Arnold Mbita Motto Steven Hermann Donald Fossi Jean paul Nzenti Joseph Mvondo Ondoa Department of Earth Sciences University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Research(IRGM) YaoundéCameroon

In this contribution,detailed field descriptions together with petrographic and bulk-rock major,trace and rare earth elements(ree)data are used to constrain the origin and geodynamic setting of the mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs)recently discovered within the Pan-African Ngaoundal pluton,Adamawa area,central *** investigated MMEs are dark-colored with chilled margins,and display medium to coarse-grain igneous *** mineral assemblage is either dominated by K-feldspar and carbonate(group Ⅰ),or by amphibole and plagioclase(group Ⅱ),though the overall mineral phases made of amphibole,plagioclase,K-feldspar,and biotite are similar to that of their host syenite but in different *** MMEs in Ngaoundal area are foid-gabbro in composition with SiO_(2) contents ranging between 41.52% and 43.74% and are contiguous with their host granitoids of intermediate composition(SiO_(2)=57.52% to 58.98%).The host granitoid rocks are metaluminous,and belong to the shoshonitic *** and geochemical data have revealed that the Ngaoundal MMEs derived from rapid cooling of hot injected lithospheric mantle-derived magma within cooler host granitoids magma and were emplaced in the intraplate geodynamic setting.

关键词： Mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs) Granitoids Lithospheric mantle ree Intraplate Adamawa-Cameroon

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Crustal stabilization:Evidence from the geochemistry and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology of quartzites from Simlipal Complex,Singhbhum Craton,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 46-61页

作者： C.S.Sindhuja Arijit Pahari C.Manikyamba M.Santosh Li Tang Jyotisankar Ray K.S.V.Subramanyam Madhuparna paul I.Gonzalez-Alvarez P.C.Sruthi CSIR(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)-National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI) Uppal RoadHyderabad 500007India School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Geology University of CalcuttaKolkataIndia CSIRO Mineral ResourcesWestern AustraliaAustralia

Cratonic stabilization was a critical crustal process during the Hadean to Archean for the formation of *** understanding of how and where this process took place is significant to evaluate the architecture of *** Singhbhum Craton of eastern India has well preserved Precambrian volcanosedimentary *** Simlipal volcano-sedimentary complex of Singhbhum Craton consists of circular bands of mafic volcanic rocks interlayered with quartzites/shales/*** the present study,we report petrographic and geochemical characteristics of quartzites from Simlipal Complex coupled with U–Pb ages of detrital zircons and zircon geochemistry to understand the provenance and depositional conditions and its connection with the crustal stabilization in the Singhbhum *** quartzites are texturally mature with sub-angular to sub-rounded quartz grains followed by feldspars embedded in a silty *** on modal compositions and major element ratios,these quartzites are categorized as quartz arenite and sub-lithic *** element abundances normalized to Archean Upper Continental Crust(AUCC)display positive anomalies at U,Zr,Hf and negative anomalies at *** patterns are characterized by negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.47–0.97)and flat Hree suggesting felsic *** quartzites show depletion of LILE,enrichment of HFSE and transition metals relative to *** weathering indices such as CIA,PIA,and ICV are suggestive of moderate to intense chemical *** trace element ratios such as Th/Cr,Th/Sc,La/Sc,La/Co and Th/Co indicate a predominantly felsic source for these *** overall geochemical signatures indicate passive margin deposition for these *** zircons from the Simlipal quartzites yield U–Pb ages 3156±31 Ma suggesting Mesoarchean crustal *** trace element geochemistry of detrital zircons suggests that the zircons are magmatic in origin and possibly derived from the 3.1 Ga anorogenic grani

关键词： Quartzites Simlipal Complex Singhbhum Craton U-Pb geochronology Crustal stablilization

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Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleoproterozoic ultramafic rocks of the Mbi Valley, Boali area, Central African Republic

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第3期41卷 515-535页

作者： Evine Laure Njiosseu Tanko Prince Emilien Danguene Philomene Nga Essomba Tsoungui Sylvestre Ganno Jonas Didero Takodjou Wambo Bertin Guy Takam Tchoupe Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono Timoleon Ngnotue Boniface Kankeu Jean Biandja Jean paul Nzenti Department of Earth Sciences University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of BanguiP.O.Box 908BanguiCentral African Republic Department of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing School of Mines and Petroleum IndustriesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 08Kaélé-MarouaCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon Department of Geology HTTCUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliBamendaCameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Researches(IGMR) P.O.Box 4110YaoundéCameroon

This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks comprise coarse primary olivine and orthopyroxene relics(dominant phase),magnesio-hornblende,magnetite,and ***-rock analysis indicates low SiO_(2)(average of 43.14 wt%)and high MgO(19.84–26.98 wt%)contents and their Mg number(Mg#)ranges from 74 to ***(526–865 ppm),Cr(1500–3680 ppm)***(Na_(2)O-K_(2)O)-FeO-MgO)and ACM(Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO)ternary diagrams have revealed that the studied samples correspond to arc-related ultramafic ***-normalized ree plots display an increasing trend from La to Sm(CeN/SmN:0.74–1.81),weak negative to no Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.72–1.05)and strong negative Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.33–0.98)*** mantle normalized of multi-element diagrams exhibit Lree enrichment and large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE),and notable negative anomalies in *** suggests the generation of the parent melt by slab dehydration and wedge melting *** addition,incompatible trace element composition and ratios assumed that the source magma had an enhanced mantle source associated with a prominent influence of continental *** of mantle wedge by plate-dehydrated,LILE-rich fluids and the incorporation of sediments derived from subduction explain the enhancement of the *** major and trace element compositions jointly with the tectonic reconstruction of this region and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data on zircon constrain the emplacement age at ca.2099 Ma in a continental margin arc setting involving subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the continental lithosphere,dehydration of the slab and mantle wedge *** result intimate that the remnants of Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust or subduction event and subsequent basins closure extended from

关键词： Atlantic supercontinent Central African Republic Ultramafic cumulate LILE-enriched fluids Arc setting

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