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Constructed Wetland Systems as a Methodology for the Treatment of Wastewater in Bucaramanga Industrial Park

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第3期3卷 1-14页

作者： Chukwunonye Ezeah Carlos Alberto Ríos Reyes jairo Fernando Contreras Gutiérrez Faculty of Sciences and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia

Effluent discharges from municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities constitute major sources of pollution on land and water bodies. During the 1990s, large-scale application of Constructed Wetlands (CWs) as a remediation option drew much attention globally from the public and green groups alike. The most common application of CWs is for flow management in river system and little is documented on using CWs for treating polluted river water. This article goes beyond constructed wetlands as a stand-alone methodology to propose an integrated remediation system incorporating constructed wetlands in Bucaramanga Industrial Park S.A., Santander (Colombia), which will form part of an innovation park. In addition to pollution abatement, the project is projected to provide other environmental benefits to the entire Oro River Sub-basin. Other benefits of the project include mitigation of environmental impacts, improvement in water quality, landscape amenity, as well as tourism and recreational benefits.

关键词： Water Pollution Constructed Wetlands Wastewater Integrated Remediation System Tourism and Recreation

The Zhou’s Method for Solving the Euler Equidimensional Equation

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第17期7卷 2165-2173页

作者： Pedro Pablo Cárdenas Alzate Jhon jairo León Salazar Carlos Alberto Rodríguez Varela Department of Mathematics and GEDNOL Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira Colombia Department of Mathematics Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira Colombia

In this work, we apply the Zhou’s method [1] or differential transformation method (DTM) for solving the Euler equidimensional equation. The Zhou’s method may be considered as alternative and efficient for finding the approximate solutions of initial values problems. We prove superiority of this method by applying them on the some Euler type equation, in this case of order 2 and 3 [2]. The power series solution of the reduced equation transforms into an approximate implicit solution of the original equations. The results agreed with the exact solution obtained via transformation to a constant coefficient equation.

关键词： Zhou’s Method Equidimensional Equation Euler Equation DTM

Solid Waste Characterization, Fats and Oils in Two Tourist Resorts Cartagena Colombia

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 1-4页

作者： Claudia Diaz Mendoza Juan Carlos Valdelamar Jhon jairo Jimenez Gilma Rosa Avila Fundacion Universitaria Tecnologico Comfenalco Colombia Cartagena Colombia.

The objective of the proposed work was collecting samples continuously, once a month, for a period of two years, it was conducted to determine the types of solid waste generated and deposited in the sand of the tourist beaches, finding that there is predominance waste plastics, cigarette butts and organic debris, other parameter analyzed was determination of fats and oils in sand whose results indicate that the levels found are above the detection limit. In conclusion we have that solid waste types commonly arranged in the sand are plastic, the presence of fats and oils in the sand affect the environmental quality of the beach.

关键词： Waste Sand Beaches Fats Quality

A New SPME Thermal Desorption Interface for HPLC

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2013年第4期3卷 219-266页

作者： John jairo Ríos Acevedo Mohamed Nour Kayali Sayadi Luis María Polo Díez Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain Mass Spectrometry Unit Faculty of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain.

A new SPME/HPLC interface is developed. It is based on thermal desorption from the SPME fiber and organic solvent collection of the desorbed analytes by sweeping them with an argon flow into a small organic solvent volume which is further injected into the HPLC chromatograph. Extraction and desorption parameters were investigated using five PAHs of different volatilities (naphthalene, acenaphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene) as test compounds and fluorimetric detection. Regression coefficients closed to 0.99 with RDS = 3) and detection limits in the range 0.07 - 0.99 μg.L-1 were found. A method was applied to determine the above PAHs in water samples. The results were compared with those supplied by the 550.1 EPA method showing the agreement of both methods at the 0.05 significance level.

关键词： SPME-HPLC-FLD SPME-HPLC Interface Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Effect of low level laser therapy on dental pulp during orthodontic movement

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World Journal of Methodology 2013年第2期3卷 19-26页

作者： ngela Domínguez Rosa Emilia Ballesteros jairo Hernán Viáfara Oscar Mario Tamayo Department of Orthodontics Faculty of DentistryUniversidad del ValleCali 76001000Colombia Histology and Anatomy Medicine DepartmentUniversidad Santiago de CaliCali 76001000Colombia

AIM: To validate the protocol described here to be used in future clinical trials related to the effect of laser therapy on dental pulp. METHODS: Histologically treated samples from eight human healthy premolar teeth obtained from the middle root level were distributed in four groups: group 1(G1) absolute control; group 2(G2) only laser irradiation; group 3(G3) exposed only to orthodontics; and group 4(G4) treated with orthodontics and laser. Laser treatment was performed at 830 nm wavelength, 100 mW(energy 80 J/cm2, 2.2 J), for 22 s in the vestibular surface and 22 s in the palatal surface, 1 mm away from the dental root mucosa. Three staining methods were performed: hematoxylin-eosin(HE), Masson's Trichrome method and Gomori's ***: The pulp histology parameters were evaluated and the results classified in to 3 parts: an inflammatory response, soft tissue response(dental pulp) and hard tissue response(dentin and predentin). There was no inflammation(chronic or acute) in any of the evaluated groups. The zones of pulp necrosis were found in one premolar of G3 and in one of G4; in groups G2 and G4 there was higher angiogenesis than in the other two groups. G4 group presented the highest level of vascularization. A reduced nerve density was observed in G3. A G2 specimen showed increased nerve density. A higher rate of calcification was observed in G1 compared to G2. Denticles, either real or false, were observed in G1, G2 and G3. Sclerosis of dentin and focal dentin loss was observed among all the groups. Secondary dentin was present in one sample in G1 and G2. A necrosis zone was found in one sample of G3 and G4. No differences between groups were observed in the odontoblast irregularity layer but the layer was wider in the group treated with laser only. A notable difference was detected in reduction of the cell-free layer between the groups G1 and G4. The findings in pulp tissue favor its adaptative response against dental movement induced by orthodontics.

关键词： Low level laser therapy Pulpal Orthodontic movement Histological protocol Dentin

Blood Flow-Restricted Training in Older Adults:A Narrative Review

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 25-37页

作者： Abel Plaza-Florido jairo H.Migueles Antonio Piepoli Pablo Molina-Garcia Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Jose Mora-Gonzalez Irene Esteban-Cornejo Francisco B.Ortega PROFITH"PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity"Research Group Sport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)Department of Physical and Sports EducationFaculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaCarretera de Alfacars/nCP 18071 GranadaSpain Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JaénResearch Group CTS-026:Study Group on Physical ActivityPhysiotherapy and HealthJaénSpain Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive and Brain HealthNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Background Low-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)is an alternative to traditional moderate-high-intensity resistance training to increase strength and muscle ***,the evidence about the efficacy of this novel training method to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy and older adults with patholo-gies is ***,the possible risk and adverse effects with BFR training methodology in older adults should be ***(1)To summarize the current evidence on training with BFR strategies in older adults aiming to improve strength and to increase muscle mass;and(2)to provide recommendations for resistance and aerobic training with BFR in older adults based on the studies *** Studies that investigated the chronic responses to resistance training or aerobic training with BFR related to strength and muscle mass changes in older adults were *** independent researchers conducted the search in PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases from their inception up to November 1,*** Seventeen out of 35 studies,which performed resistance or aerobic training with BFR in older adults focused on strength and muscle mass outcomes,were included in this *** performing resistance and aerobic train-ing with BFR found better improvements in strength and higher increase in muscle mass compared to non-BFR groups that performed the same training ***-intensity resistance training(HI-RT)without BFR provided greater improvements in strength and a similar increase in muscle mass compared to light-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)with *** Current evidence suggests that LI-RT and/or aerobic training with BFR improves strength and increases muscle mass in older ***-intensity training without BFR would normally not obtain such ***,LI-RT and aerobic training with BFR is an alternative to traditional methods to improve strength an

关键词： Hyertroply Strength Vascular oclusion Reistance raining Elderly aduts

Phosphorus and potassium fertilization in no till southern Brazilian soils

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 39-49页

作者： jairo André Schlindwein Leandro Bortolon Elaine Cosma Fioreli-Pereira Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon Clesio Gianello Department of Soil Federal University of RondôniaRolim de MouraBrazil EMBRAPA—National Research Center of Fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural SystemsPalmasBrazil Department of Soil Science Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels in southern Brazilian (Rio Grande do Sul, RS) soils are largely below the critical concentrations more than four decades after implementation of the officially recommended system. This study aims to evaluate the increase in P and K levels in 0-10 and 0-20 cm deep samples from no-till soils using the Mehlich-1 (M1) and Mehlich-3 (M3) extractants as well as resin methods and to estimate the amount of P2O5 and K2O fertilizers necessary to increase the P and K soil levels by 1 mg·kg-1. The study was conducted in fields cultivated using a no-till system (direct planting) to grow soybeans, wheat, maize, pasture, and cover crops and fertilized with P2O5 and K2O. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 and 0-20 cm soil layers and analyzed by the M1, M3, and resin methods. The results demonstrated that the P and K levels increased in the 0-10 and 0-20 cm layers. However, the amount of these levels increased depending on the source of phosphate fertilization and on the P and K extraction methods used. The amount of P2O5 fertilization needed to raise the P level by 1 mg·kg-1 was greater in the 0-20 cm layer than in the 0-10 cm layer, and the amount of K2O fertilization needed to raise the K level by 1 mg·kg-1 was higher in the 0-10 cm layer than in the 0-20 cm layer.

关键词： P_(2)O_(5) K_(2)O Sample Depth Soil Analysis Methods

Design Optimization and Weight Reduction of 500 mL CSD PET Bottle through FEM Simulations

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第7期1卷 947-959页

作者： Carlos Alberto Silva De Miranda jairo Jose Drummond Camara Olavo Pena Monken Claudio Gouvea Dos Santos State University of Minas Gerais （UEMG） Design School 31270-010 Brazil Federal University of Ouro Preto （UFOP） ICEB-DEQUI 35400-000 Brazil

Simulation description of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle, blowing through the injection stretch blow molding process, using computer aided engineering softwares and analysis by finite elements method in order to better fit the bottle project using this material and weight reduction. The work was conducted from existing preforms and focused on the design process of the bottles, approach in which the available literature is scarce or nonexistent. The design of a bottle was executed, applied and validated through parametric computer aided design software and finite elements method analysis, allowing the simulation of the blowing process from data input to the process variables listed in the available literature. Using this approach, we simulate the blowing process and the mechanical demands related to the application with the aim of assessing the efficiency of packaging design and enable an efficient and correct sizing of the bottles. The data obtained in simulations were verified by the fabrication of prototypes using the same material, preform and process data considered in the virtual environment. The results indicate the feasibility of producing 500 mL bottles for carbonated soft drinks from 18 g preforms, with a reduction of up to 21% on weight of the packaging, keeping the standard bottle finish PCO-1810-28 mm.

关键词：有限元模拟优化设计重量 PET瓶计算机辅助设计软件聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯吹塑成型工艺包装设计

First isolation and identification of H1N1 swine influenza viruses in Colombian pig farms

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 983-990页

作者： Gloria Consuelo Ramirez-Nieto Cesar Augusto Diaz Rojas Victor Julio Vera Alfonso jairo Jaime Correa Jose Dario Mogollon Galvis Línea de Microbiología y Epidemiología Posgrado en Salud Animal Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia

The pig industry in Colombia has grown 30% in the last decade achieving high levels of technology and efficiency;in spite of that, respiratory diseases remain a constraint. Since 1970, serological evidence and histological findings suggested the role of swine influenza virus (SIV) as part of the porcine respiratory disease complex;nevertheless, elusive and molecular typing isolates are missing. This study was aimed at isolating SIV from intensive pig farms and to achieve molecular characterization to determine strains circulating in the field. In order to accomplish this goal, 242 samples were taken from nasal swabs, 25 from bronchial washes and 8 from lung tissue. Samples were collected during a period of three years, between 2008 and 2010 and were originated from 78 farms of the three main pig production regions of the country. The samples were transported in BHI broth with 2% antibiotic and antimycotic solution and stored at –70?C until processed. The swabs were inoculated in 9 - 11 days old embryo chicken eggs and in MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cell cultures with the addition of trypsin. The isolates were identified by the HA (hemoagglutination) test and by RT-PCR targeting the HA (hemagglutinin), NA (Neuraminidase) and M (Matrix) genes. Full length sequence of the HA and NA glycoproteins from four selected virus isolates was conducted (Macrogen?. USA). As a result, fifteen SIV isolates from nine farms distributed in the three regions were obtained. Twelve of the isolates are related to the swine origin H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. The remaining three viruses were related to classical swine influenza viruses.

关键词： Swine Influenza H1N1 Colombia First Isolation Classical Pandemic