Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a cri...
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Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a critical contributor to global food security,covering an extensive area of 23.5 million hectares(mha)in Asia and sustaining 4.4 billion people[2].
Since the 1980s,the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems,induced by excess reactive N emissions.A ra...
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Since the 1980s,the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems,induced by excess reactive N emissions.A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been *** 4R principles(right product,right amount,right time and right place)for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N *** example,site-specific N management(as part of 4R practice)reduced N fertilizer use by 32%and increased yield by 5%in ***,it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and *** paper proposes a new framework of food-chainnitrogen-management(FCNM).This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures,optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets,with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental *** could meet future challenges for food demand,resource sustainability and environmental safety,key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries.
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