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Exploring hemp seed hull biomass for an integrated C-5 biorefinery:Xylose and activated carbon

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 310-321页

作者： Sreesha Malayil Luke Loughran Frederik Mendoza Ulken jagannadh satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleKentucky 40292United States Bioproducts LLC LouisvilleKentucky 40206United States RTI International Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States

Large quantities of hemp hulls can be completely utilized for creation of value-added products (cost effective biofuels and biochemicals) through a biorefinery approach. A sustainable approach in making xylose, a low calorie sweetener and high surface area activated carbons (AC) for super capacitors, attracts interest. The AC when leveraged as a co-product from biorefinery process makes it more cost effective and, in this paper, we discuss the production of xylose and AC from hemp seed hull with methane sulphonic acid (MSA) hydrolysis. Xylose recovery with MSA hydrolysis was 25.15 g/L when compared to the traditional sulphuric acid (SA) hydrolysis of 19.96 g/L at the same acid loading of 1.8 %. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicate partial delignification along with hemicellulose hydrolysis responsible for high xylose recovery. Post hydrolysis fibers were KOH activated and carbonized to make AC. The MSA hydrolyzed and KOH activated fiber produced pure, fluffier and finer particle AC with a drastic increase in surface area 1 452 m2/g when compared to SA hydrolyzed of 977 m2/g. These results indicate the potential of MSA in dilute acid hydrolysis of biomass for xylose recovery and production of high surface area activated carbon. From a production standpoint this can lead to increased use of sustainable low-cost agricultural biomass for making high surface area AC as components in supercapacitors.

关键词： Xylose C-5 biorefinery Methane sulphonic acid Delignification Activated carbon Dilute acid hydrolysis

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Utilization of residual fatty acids in matter organic non-glycerol from a soy biodiesel plant in filaments used for 3D printing

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生物质资源与工程(英文) 2023年第3期8卷 215-223页

作者： Sreesha Malayil Athira Nair Surendran Kunal Kate jagannadh satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleLouisville 40292KYUSA Materials Innovation Guild Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville 40292KYUSA

Matter organic non-glycerol(MONG)is a considerable waste output(20%−25%of crude glyc-erol)typically landfilled by soy biodiesel *** this work,soy MONG was characterized for potential use as a copolymer to produce filaments for 3D printing with an intent to add value and redirect it from *** a copolymer,MONG was evaluated to reduce the synthetic polymer content of the natural fiber composites(NFC).Even though the general thermal behavior of the MONG was compared to that of a thermoplastic polymer in composite applications,it is depen-dent on the composition of the MONG,which is a variable depending on plant discharge *** order to improve the thermal stability of MONG,we evaluated two pretreatments(acid and acid+peroxide).The acid+peroxide pretreatment resulted in a stabilized paste with decreased soap content,increased crystallinity,low molecular weight small chain fatty acids,and a sta-ble blend as a copolymer with a thermoplastic *** treatment increased formic acid(17.53%)in MONG,along with hydrogen peroxide,led to epoxidation exhibited by the increased concentration of oxirane(5.6%)evaluating treated MONG as a copolymer in polymer processing and 3D printing.

关键词： Matter organic non-glycerol Soy biodiesel waste Polymer composite Epoxidation Soap splitting Fatty acid

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Impact of hydrolysis on surface area and energy storage applications of activated carbons produced from corn fiber and soy hulls

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2020年第1期3卷 19-28页

作者： Zachary D.Herde Ruchira Dharmasena Gamini Sumanasekera Jaya Shankar Tumuluru jagannadh satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Energy Systems Laboratory Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA School of Chemical and Biomolecular Eng Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States

Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and biochemicals.A green approach to producing lightweight and high specific surface area(SSA)activated carbons(ACs)from sustainable biomass sources is of great interest to producers and users of energy devices such as batteries and *** direct conversion from biomass has been studied extensively,AC with relatively high surface areas can be produced more cost-effectively when leveraged as a co-product from a *** this paper,we discuss the production of high specific surface area activated carbons from residual fiber(fiber remaining after extraction of C5-sugars)generated as part of a C5 *** surface,morphological characteristics using SEM and TEM,and energy storage behavior of ACs produced using the C5 extracted residual fiber were evaluated in the present *** ACs produced from the residual fiber delivered an order of magnitude higher surface area than the one directly from corn pericarp fiber and soy *** surface area of the ACs produced from pre-hydrolysis DDG was only 10 m^(2)/g compared to 689 m^(2)/g for soy hulls whereas after hydrolysis these values increased significantly(DDG:1700 m^(2)/g and soy hulls:1300 m^(2)/g).TEM images indicated high exfoliation,explaining the change in surface area *** the same current density(500 mA/g)the cycling performance of the ACs increased as the surface area increased significantly.

关键词： Agricultural residues Hydrolysis Activated carbon Surface area characterization Surface morphology

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Production of Ethanol from Cassava Peelings Using a Developed Percolation Reactor

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2018年第4期8卷 107-115页

作者： Titiladunayo Isaac Femi Ibitowa Olayinka Ahmed Ogunsuyi Olayinka Helen jagannadh satyavolu Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering and Engineering Technology The Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Chemistry School of Sciences The Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of Louisville Louisville USA

Bioethanol is an important product in the fuel market obtainable from biomass through fermentation process but direct conversion of cassava peelings to bioethanol as energy by-product is difficult because of its lignocellulosic content. This paper therefore, considers the intermediate route of converting lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugar through acid hydrolysis and consequent ethanol production, in a developed percolation reactor. Cassava tuber consists of the starchy flesh and peelings that can be converted into bioethanol but the main agro-waste from cassava crop, aside from the leaves and stem is the peelings. The level of cultivating of the crop in Nigeria is exceptionally high as practised in other developing nations, yet there is no significant use for its peelings which is generated in thousands of metric tonnes annually. Therefore, apercolation reactor is designed for the thermochemical pre-treatment of the lignocellulosic biomass through hydrolysis process with a view to recovering the reducing sugars for fermentation. The reactor is designed to hold 2 kg of pulverised cassava peelings of 0.5≤ and ≥0.3 mm particle size and circulate 3 L of acid liquor for each hydrolysis run. The reactor comprised of a 0.0261 m3 perforated basket, 1.83 W capacity circulation pump in power rating, and a heating chamber containing 3 kW heater. The reactor is designed to operate within the temperature range of 20°C - 180°C, pressure ≤ 45 Nm?2, and liquor flow rate of 4.33 × 10?4 m3·S?1. The reactor was used to convert 500 g of pulverised cassava peelings to sugar laden hydrolysate that subsequently yielded 118 mL of bioethanol through fermentation process in three replicated experiments. The designed percolation reactor could therefore serve as a veritable tool in converting biomass of lignocellulosic origin to chemical and energy products, reduce wastes and promote cleaner environment.

关键词： Cassava Peeling Percolationreactor Hydrolysis Bioethanol

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